Commercial soybean starch blocker consumption: Impact on weight gain and on copper,lead and zinc status of rats     

J. Umoren  C. Kies 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1992,42(2):135-142

A commercial starch blocker was used to study the digestin of starch (potato) in mature female rates for four weeks. Two levels of starch blocker were used. The first level was calculated to inhibit starch digestion at 50%, the second was calculated to inhibit starch digestion at 100%. No significant effects on the body weights (271.10±29, 277.7±43, 259.1±25 g) were found among the groups of rats at 0%, 50% and 100% inhibition levels, respectively. Feed intakes were not affected. However, fecal copper and zinc excretions increased significantly (p<0.05) due to the inhibitors. Fecal copper excretions were 0.468±0.14, 0.578±0.09, 0.617±0.07 mg/rat/week, while fecal zinc values were 0.625±0.14, 0.859±0.32 and 0.778±0.26 mg/rat/week when no inhibitor was fed, at 50% inhibition and at 100% inhibition respectively. Thus, while use of starch blockers did not promote weight loss in the mature female rats, utilization of copper and zinc were negatively affected.Published as Nebraska Agricultural Research Division Project Journal Series No. 8791. Supported by funds from the Nebraska Agricultural Division Project No. 91-031 and U.S.D.A. C.S.R.S. Project No. W-143.  相似文献   

Proximate Analysis and Some Antinutritional Factor Constituents in Selected Varieties of Jamaican Yams (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dioscorea</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rajana</Emphasis> spp.)     

McAnuff MA  Omoruyi FO  Sotelo-López A  Asemota HN 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2005,60(2):93-98

Two wild (Dioscorea polygonoides and Rajana cordata) and seven cultivated varieties of Jamaican yams (Dioscorea spp.) were analyzed for their proximate composition and the levels of antinutritional factors. The protein level range was 47.8 ± 2.6 to 88.0 ± 2.5 g/kg dry weight. The lowest level was seen in D. cayenensis. The range for the dietary fiber content in the tubers was 16.3 ± 0.7 to 63.5 ± 0.4 g/kg dry weight. The wild yam varieties recorded higher levels. Saponins level was < 600 mg/kg dry weight in all the tubers analyzed except for bitter yam (2962.5 ± 60.5 mg/kg dry weight). Total phenol content ranged from 1.3 ± 0.1 to 79.3 ± 6.1 g/kg while total condensed tannin content ranged from 0.1 ± 0.0 to 26.7 ± 3.8 g/kg dry weight. Samples that showed high levels of phenols also had high levels of condensed tannins. All the samples analyzed contained low levels of lectins and no alkaloids were detected. The levels of antinutritional factors did not clearly delineate the wild varieties from the edible varieties.  相似文献   

Nutrient composition and anti-nutritional factors in selected vegetable soybean (Glycine Max [L.] Merr.)     

Ali I. Mohamed  Tadesse Mebrahtu  M. Rangappa 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(1):89-100

The genetic variation in the nutrient composition and anti-nutritional factors of 17 vegetable soybean genotypes were determined and a wide variation in protein %, total phosphorus (TP_i) and available phosphorus (AP) was found among these genotypes. Variations in Ca, K, Fe, Mn, and Cu were also documented. Variation was also found for trypsin inhibitor (TI) activity and Phytate (PA) content. A highly significant and negative correlation (r=–0.533,P<0.01) was observed between TI and total protein. Strong positive correlation (r=0.90) was also found between TP_i and AP. Several genotypes (Sooty, Emperor, Wilson-5, PI 416771, PI 417322) showed good nutritional potential and can be used in the breeding program. High protein %, TP_i, and minerals are desirable qualities for vegetable-type soybeans that make it as food with high nutrient density. Studies on the nutritional evaluation of immature vegetable type soybean seeds at different reproductive stages are also underway.Agricultural Research Station Journal Article Series No. 172. The use of any trade name varieties, and/or vendors does not imply the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable.  相似文献   

Antinutritional factors in anasazi and other pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Weder  J. K. P.  Telek  L.  Vozári-Hampe  M.  Saini  H. S. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,51(2):85-98

Antinutritional factors of anasazi bean were compared to traditional pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Anasazi beans contained less (p<0.001) soluble and bound condensed tannins compared to pinto beans. No differences (p>0.05) in stachyose and raffinose content were found between the two bean types; verbascose was not detected at all. Significant (p<0.05) differences in lectin content were observed between anasazi and pinto bean. The lectins of anasazi beans were classified as non toxic and those of the pinto beans as toxic types. No differences (p>0.05) in inhibitor activity against human and bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin were found between the two bean types.  相似文献   

乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂对肥胖小鼠的减肥效果     

张光磊  冯金曼  崔明勋  姜成哲 《畜牧与饲料科学》2012,33(7):10-13

[目的]研究乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂对肥胖小鼠肥胖程度的影响。[方法]建立肥胖动物模型,然后随机分组,试验组以乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂按照50mg/(kg.bw.d)的剂量灌胃,对照组小鼠以去离子水灌胃。给药过程中,记录小鼠采食量和饮水量的变化情况。给药3周后,测定体重和体长,进行李氏指数的计算;称量脂肪,计算性器官周围脂肪占小鼠体重的比重;测定血清中胆固醇和甘油三酯的相对含量。[结果]乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂能抑制小鼠体重的增加,可减少肥胖小鼠的肥胖程度;能降低肥胖小鼠血清中的甘油三酯和胆固醇含量。[结论]乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂对肥胖小鼠有减肥作用,对小鼠的正常饮食没有明显影响。  相似文献   

BDDE-Inspired Chalcone Derivatives to Fight Bacterial and Fungal Infections     

Ana Jesus  Fernando Dures  Nikoletta Szemerdi  Joana Freitas-Silva  Paulo Martins da Costa  Eugnia Pinto  Madalena Pinto  Gabriella Spengler  Emília Sousa  Honorina Cidade 《Marine drugs》2022,20(5)

The growing number of infectious diseases around the world threatens the effective response of antibiotics, contributing to the increase in antibiotic resistance seen as a global health problem. Currently, one of the main challenges in antimicrobial drug discovery is the search for new compounds that not only exhibit antimicrobial activity, but can also potentiate the antimicrobial activity and revert antibiotics’ resistance, through the interference with several mechanisms, including the inhibition of efflux pumps (EPs) and biofilm formation. Inspired by macroalgae brominated bromophenol BDDE with antimicrobial activity, a series of 18 chalcone derivatives, including seven chalcones (9–15), six dihydrochalcones (16–18, and 22–24) and five diarylpropanes (19–21, and 25 and 26), was prepared and evaluated for its antimicrobial activity and potential to fight antibiotic resistance. Among them, chalcones 13 and 14 showed promising antifungal activity against the dermatophyte clinical strain of Trichophyton rubrum, and all compounds reversed the resistance to vancomycin in Enterococcus faecalis B3/101, with 9, 14, and 24 able to cause a four-fold decrease in the MIC of vancomycin against this strain. Compounds 17–24 displayed inhibition of EPs and the formation of biofilm by S. aureus 272123, suggesting that these compounds are inhibiting the EPs responsible for the extrusion of molecules involved in biofilm-related mechanisms. Interestingly, compounds 17–24 did not show cytotoxicity in mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines (NIH/3T3). Overall, the results obtained suggest the potential of dihydrochalcones 16–18 and 22–24, and diarylpropanes 19–21, 25 and 26, as hits for bacterial EPs inhibition, as they are effective in the inhibition of EPs, but present other features that are important in this matter, such as the lack of antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity.  相似文献   

Novel α-Amylase Inhibitor Hemi-Pyocyanin Produced by Microbial Conversion of Chitinous Discards     

Thi Hanh Nguyen  San-Lang Wang  Anh Dzung Nguyen  Manh Dung Doan  Thi Ngoc Tran  Chien Thang Doan  Van Bon Nguyen 《Marine drugs》2022,20(5)

α-Amylase inhibitors (aAIs) have been applied for the efficient management of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to search for potential aAIs produced by microbial fermentation. Among various bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa TUN03 was found to be a potential aAI-producing strain, and shrimp heads powder (SHP) was screened as the most suitable C/N source for fermentation. P. aeruginosa TUN03 exhibited the highest aAIs productivity (3100 U/mL) in the medium containing 1.5% SHP with an initial pH of 7–7.5, and fermentation was performed at 27.5 °C for two days. Further, aAI compounds were investigated for scaled-up production in a 14 L-bioreactor system. The results revealed a high yield (4200 U/mL) in a much shorter fermentation time (12 h) compared to fermentation in flasks. Bioactivity-guided purification resulted in the isolation of one major target compound, identified as hemi-pyocyanin (HPC) via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Its purity was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. HPC demonstrated potent α-amylase inhibitory activity comparable to that of acarbose, a commercial antidiabetic drug. Notably, HPC was determined as a new aAI. The docking study indicated that HPC inhibits α-amylase by binding to amino acid Arg421 at the biding site on enzyme α-amylase with good binding energy (−9.3 kcal/mol) and creating two linkages of H-acceptors.  相似文献   

丙烯酸树脂包膜尿素肥料研制及其控释效果   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

李东坡  武志杰  梁成华  陈利军  张世强  王君山 《农业工程学报》2007,23(12):218-224

采用丙烯酸树脂为包膜材料,以NBPT（N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺）和DCD（双氰胺）为生化抑制剂,利用流化床对尿素进行涂层生化抑制剂及包膜,制备4种包膜肥料,对这些包膜肥料在水中的控释效果进行了研究。结果表明,采用此技术制备的包膜肥料,表面成膜完整,包膜物质在成膜时分布均匀、与尿素肥心接合紧密,表面光滑。NBPT和DCD与肥心结合严密,包膜层紧覆于抑制剂的外表。包膜可有效控制尿素的溶出,在水中的控释时间为19～30d。初期溶出率远远小于15％,微分溶出率基本上在0．25％～2．5％之间;在水中尿素累积溶出特征符合一元二次方程模型,尿素释放曲线呈“S”形。  相似文献   

Novel pyrimidin-4-one derivatives as potential T3SS inhibitors against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris     

Jia-Bao Li  Lan-Tu Xiong  Yan-Rong Lu  Yu-Qing Zhang  Xiao-Li Xu  Hai-Hong Wang  Xin Deng  Xu-Hong Hu  Zi-Ning Cui 《Pest management science》2023,79(10):3666-3675

  相似文献   

Targeted deletion of three CYP51s in Fusarium fujikuroi and their different roles in determining sensitivity to 14α-demethylase inhibitor fungicides     

Cheng-Xin Mao  Ju Luo  Yu Zhang  Chuan-Qing Zhang 《Pest management science》2023,79(4):1324-1330

  相似文献