排序方式： 共有76条查询结果，搜索用时 62 毫秒
71.
植物对环境重金属污染的修复技术研究进展 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
植物修复技术(Phytoremediation)是近年来发展起来的一种主要用于清除土壤重金属污染的生态技术。重金属超积累植物(Hyperaccumulator)及植物修复技术是当前国内外学术界研究的热点领域之一。植物修复重金属污染的机制主要是植物对污染物的吸收积累和降解转化,具有成本低、不破坏土壤和河流生态环境、不引起二次污染等优点,就近十年来国内外植物修复重金属污染的机理、对象及超积累植物的研究作一综述。 相似文献
72.
为探究不同活化剂强化超富集植物吸收土壤中镉（Cd）的效果,选用4种高效活化剂N-双谷氨酸二乙酸四钠（GLDA）、聚天冬氨酸（PASP）、羟基乙叉二膦酸（HEDP）和十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS-30）,施用量为土壤质量的0.3%,以Cd的超富集植物鬼针草为模式种,在气候箱中控制单一环境变量,通过盆栽试验在相同Cd污染土壤浓度下进行对比探究。结果表明,4种活化剂均能影响土壤的理化性质,使土壤的电导率（EC）升高,硝态氮含量降低; HEDP、PASP和GLDA这3种活化剂处理能显著提高鬼针草生物量、株高与叶片叶绿素含量（P < 0.05）,促进鬼针草对Cd的吸收及对土壤的净化率。其中,HEDP、PASP和GLDA处理与对照组相比地上部分生物量分别提升了77.7%、97.3%和25.6%;PASP处理对鬼针草茎的Cd积累促进效果最好,GLDA处理对根、叶和花果的Cd积累促进效果最好。相比于对照组的净化率2.46%, PASP、GLDA和HEDP处理单株鬼针草对土壤净化率分别为4.85%、 4.37%和3.08%。综上,Cd污染土壤中施加活化剂（GLDA、PASP与HEDP）能通过影响土壤的理化性质,使鬼针草叶绿素含量、株高、生物量增加,增强鬼针草对Cd的富集,使鬼针草对土壤中Cd的净化效率提升,效果最好的为PASP处理。结果可为活化剂在矿区、抛荒地等严重Cd污染土壤的植物修复领域的应用提供了重要的理论参考。 相似文献
73.
Background, Aims and Scope Phytoremediation is a promising means for the treatment of heavy metal contamination. Although several species have been identified
as hyperaccumulators, most studies have been conducted with only one metal. Experiments were conducted to investigate the
ability of Helianthus annuus and Thlaspi caerulescens to simultaneously uptake Cd, Cr and Ni.
Materials and Methods The efficiency of plants grown in a sandy-loam soil was investigated. The ability of two EDTA concentrations (0.1 and 0.3
g kg−1) for enhancing the phytoremediation of Cd, Cr and Ni at two different metal concentrations (24.75 mg kg−1 and 90 mg kg−1) was studied.
Results
Thlaspi hyperaccumulated Ni with 0.1 g kg−1 EDTA. When the EDTA dosage was increased to 0.3 g kg−1, Thlaspi was able to hyperaccumulate both Ni and Cr. Since Thlaspi is a low-biomass plant, it was considered insufficient for full-scale applications. Helianthus annuus hyperacummulated Cr (with 0.1 g kg−1 EDTA) and Cd (0.3 g kg−1 EDTA).
Discussion When the contamination was 8.25 mg kg−1 per metal, the total metal uptake was 10–25% (1.35 to 2.12 mg) higher and had the same uptake selectivity (Cr>>Cd>Ni) for
both EDTA levels. It was hypothesized that complexation with EDTA interfered with Ni translocation. For these experiments,
the optimal results were obtained with the H. annuus-0.1 g kg−1 EDTA combination.
Conclusions Although the use of EDTA did increase the amount of metal that could be extracted, care should be taken during in-situ field
applications. Chelators can also increase the amount of metals that are leached past the root zone. Metal leaching and subsequent
migration could lead to ground water contamination as well as lead to new soil contamination.
Recommendations and Perspectives Additional research to identify the optimal EDTA dosage for field applications is warranted. This is necessary to ensure that
the metals do not leach past the root zone.
Identification of a plant that can hyperaccumulate multiple metals is critical for phytoremediation to be a viable remediation
alternative. In addition to being able to hyperaccumulate multiple metals, the optimal plant must be fast growing with sufficient
biomass to sequester the heavy metals. 相似文献
74.
75.
Arsenic (As), a potentially toxic metalloid released in the soil environment as a result of natural as well as anthropogenic processes, is subsequently taken up by crop plants. In rice grains, As has been reported in Asia, North America and Europe, suggesting a future threat to food security and crop production. As3+ by dint of its availability, mobility and phytotoxicity, is the most harmful species of As for the rice crop. Specific transporters mediate the transport of different species of As from roots to the aboveground parts of the plant body. Accumulation of As leads to toxic reactions in plants, affecting its growth and productivity. Increase in As uptake leads to oxidative stress and production of antioxidants to counteract this stress. Cultivars tolerant to As stress are efficient in antioxidant metabolism compared to sensitive ones. Iron and selenium are found to have ameliorating effect on the oxidative stress caused by As. Microbes, even many indigenous ones, in the plant rhizosphere are also capable of utilizing As in their metabolism, both independently and in association. Some of these microbes impart tolerance to As-stress in plants grown in As contaminated sites. 相似文献
76.
柳叶箬对Pb胁迫的生理响应及其体内Pb的亚细胞分布研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以Pb超富集植物柳叶箬(Isachne globosa)为研究对象,采用室内模拟Pb胁迫水培试验,设计不同Pb浓度(0、250、500、1000、1500 mg·L~(-1))胁迫处理,测定柳叶箬体内不同化学形态Pb、有机酸和非蛋白巯基含量,以及体内Pb的亚细胞分布,探讨柳叶箬对Pb胁迫的响应机理。结果表明:随Pb胁迫浓度的增大,柳叶箬体内各化学形态的Pb含量显著增大(P0.05);Pb胁迫条件下,柳叶箬体内的Pb以盐酸提取态为主,其次为醋酸提取态、NaCl提取态和乙醇提取态,去离子水提取态和残渣态含量较低;柳叶箬叶片的柠檬酸和苹果酸,以及体内非蛋白巯基含量均随Pb浓度的增加而显著增加(P0.05);电镜观察发现,大部分Pb~(2+)被束缚在细胞壁中,细胞区室化作用显著。以上结果表明,有机酸和非蛋白巯基的螯合作用以及Pb的细胞区室化作用对柳叶箬在Pb胁迫过程中具有重要解毒作用。 相似文献