灌区用水者协会的水权探讨     

张庆华  李雪梅  李鹏  孟夏 《中国农村水利水电》2007,(6):29-31

建立灌区用水者协会的水权制度，对明晰用水者协会的产权制度的有着重要的作用。在对水权、区域水权、初试水权论述的基础上，对灌区用水者协会的水权进行了探讨。用水者协会的水权是农业水权中的灌溉水权，是由其所辖灌溉工程决定的、灌区管理单位（或供水公司）移交（或转移）的灌溉水的权利，包括占有权、支配权、使用权和收益权。用水者协会的水权的特征主要表现为水的所有权为国家所有，其占有权、支配权、使用权和收益权为用水者协会集体所有，协会水权经灌溉工程产权移交后产生，并具有初试水权的特性。灌区用水者协会的水权量一般用水量、水权面积表示。  相似文献   

不同阶段沼液作发酵接种物对牛粪产气的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

潘云霞  潘云锋  李文哲 《农机化研究》2005,(1):202-204

在牛粪厌氧发酵中,不同阶段沼液的物理、化学性质及微生物种群有较大差异,利用不同发酵阶的沼液作接种物必然会影响到系统的产气特性。实验结果表明:以发酵20天的发酵沼液作接种物可以加快反应速度,增加产气量,提高COD去除率;用60天的发酵沼液作接种物不利于产气的进行。  相似文献   

初始含水率对斥水黏壤土入渗特性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘畅  陈俊英  张林  蔡耀辉  任广栋 《排灌机械工程学报》2018,36(4):354-361

为了探究初始含水率对斥水土壤入渗过程的影响规律,通过室内二维土箱的滴灌模拟试验,设置6个初始含水率水平(4.78%,7.28%,9.97%,13.64%,16.07%,19.02%),研究了初始含水率对湿润锋运移距离、宽深比、累积入渗量、入渗速率和土壤水分分布的影响,并评价了不同入渗模型的适用性.结果表明:随着初始含水率的提高,湿润锋运移相同深度所需时间呈逐渐减小趋势,两者较好满足幂函数关系,湿润锋宽深比逐渐减小;累积入渗量变化趋势为先减小后增大;入渗速率整体趋势为逐渐减小,其中斥水程度峰值含水率附近的处理出现入渗速率短暂提高的现象;Kostiakov模型能够较好反映斥水黏壤土的入渗规律,且斥水程度越大,模型拟合精度越低;随着斥水程度增加,土壤水分逐渐向湿润体垂向中间区域集中,并出现过度饱和现象.该研究可为斥水土壤的入渗理论奠定一定的基础.  相似文献   

Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Mahdi Gheysari  Seyed Majid Mirlatifi  Mehdi Homaee  Gerrit Hoogenboom 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(6):946-954

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.  相似文献   

具有除草活性的生防菌株GD-9发酵条件优化及菌剂制备   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马永强  朱海霞 《植物保护》2019,45(3):88-95

为了明确具有除草活性的生防菌株GD-9发酵过程中各因子的配比和最优条件,采用单因素试验对菌株最适碳源、氮源、载体、固态发酵基质进行了筛选,应用正交试验设计研究了碳源、氮源、初始含水量、接种量、初始pH、培养时间、培养温度7种因素对菌株活菌数的影响。试验结果表明菌株GD-9最佳固态发酵条件为:氮源NaNO_3 58.4 mg/g,碳源葡萄糖48.4 mg/g,培养基质最适初始含水量为258 mg/g,最适接种量为0.26 mL/g,初始pH 7.6,最佳培养时间147.8 h,最佳培养温度30.7℃,最适宜的载体为黏土,分散剂为聚乙烯醇,稳定剂为膨润土,润湿剂为糊精。通过发酵试验结果制备生防菌株GD-9的固体菌剂,该研究为菌剂的商品化生产奠定基础。  相似文献   

基于改进SIFT-ICP算法的Kinect植株点云配准方法   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

沈跃  潘成凯  刘慧  高彬 《农业机械学报》2017,48(12):183-189

针对传统配准方法准确度低、速度慢的问题,提出了基于改进SIFT-ICP算法的彩色植株点云配准方法。首先采用Kinect获取不同视角下植株彩色图像和深度图像合成原始植株彩色点云,通过预处理提取原始点云植株信息,对植株点云进行尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)的特征点检测,得到点云配准关键点,再对关键点进行自适应法线估计,然后求取关键点的快速点特征直方图(FPFH),通过采样一致性(SAC-IA)初始配准方法改进点云间初始位置关系,最后利用Nanoflann加速最近点迭代(ICP)算法完成精确配准。试验结果表明,改进SIFT-ICP算法可以大幅度提高点云配准的准确性和快速性,其中对应点间平均欧氏距离小于7 mm,配准时间小于30 s。  相似文献   

Can placement of seed away from relic stubble limit Rhizoctonia root rot in direct-seeded wheat?     

Ryan A. Davis  David Huggins  R. James Cook  Timothy C. Paulitz   《Soil & Tillage Research》2008,101(1-2):37-43

Rhizoctonia root rot of wheat can be a problem in no-till systems, especially during the transition from conventional tillage. There are no effective chemical controls or resistant varieties, leaving only cultural methods to manage this disease. In a no-till system, residue and inoculum of soilborne pathogens are not moved by cultivation, therefore the inoculum may be concentrated in the seeding row of the previous year. Using GPS tracking systems with sub-meter accuracy, the seeding row could be placed away from the row of the previous year. We tested the hypothesis that seeding away from the relic row may reduce Rhizoctonia root rot. In two field experiments, plants were sampled at three distances from the seed row, as well as from fumigated plots. Intact soil cores were also removed from the field, planted with seeds at various distances from the previous row, and grown in the greenhouse under controlled conditions. Pasteurized cores served as controls. Disease levels were higher in the field in the second year, but there was no consistent effect of seed row placement on disease or plant parameters. However, soil fumigation and pasteurization had significant effects, indicating that soilborne pathogens were active. Inoculum of Rhizoctonia is not produced in the crowns and lower stems of the plant, but the pathogen survives in living and dead roots of the previous year crop, volunteers, and grassy weeds. Thus, high inoculum densities may be present in between the relic rows, as well as within the rows. If this is the situation with Rhizoctonia, precision placement of seed rows would not be efficacious.  相似文献   

不同开口饵料对中华鲟仔鱼生长及成活率的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

曹志华  邓伦飞  李萍 《湖北农业科学》2007,46(2):278-280

经人工孵化的同亲本中华鲟仔鱼苗,用不同的饵料饲养25 d,研究中华鲟仔鱼适宜的开口饵料及对仔鱼苗成活率和生长的影响.结果显示,用配合饲料作为开口饵料时,中华鲟仔鱼的成活率和生长速度显著低于水蚯蚓和丰年虫试验组;单用丰年虫投喂的试验组成活率最高(87.00%),但生长较慢;单用水蚯蚓投喂的试验组生长速度比丰年虫快,但成活率仅为78.33%.用丰年虫 水蚯蚓投喂的试验组生长和成活率都较好;中华鲟仔鱼最合适的开口饵料为丰年虫.  相似文献   

苏尼特羊营养补偿初期钙、磷、氮代谢研究     

苗志国  候先志  敖长金 《湖北农业科学》2007,46(4):600-602

将45只处于妊娠后期(90～150 d)的苏尼特母羊随机分成4组,以不同的营养水平(ME:0.20、0.33、0.44、0.86MJ·kg-1·W-0.75·d-1)分组饲养,分娩后进行补偿生长试验,研究妊娠后期不同营养限制程度的母羊在补偿初期(分娩后0～6周)对饲料中钙、磷以及氮的代谢规律.结果表明,受限制各组母羊在补偿初期,随着受限程度的降低,钙、磷平衡(g·d-1)值呈升高的趋势,氮平衡(g·d-1)值呈下降的趋势.  相似文献   

Enhancement of revegetation on construction fill by fertilizer and topsoil application: Effect on mycorrhizal infection     

V. P. Claassen  R. J. Zasoski 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1993,4(1):45-57

The influence of topsoil and fertilizer application on denuded road construction sites was evaluated to assess its contribution to improvement of vegetation re-establishment. the study sites were within a mixed hardwood and conifer forest on crushed, unweathered subsurface material with low fertility and low biological activity. Topsoils were removed from the site, stockpiled and reapplied to the site after construction. the effect of topsoil amendment on plant growth, soil fertility, mycorrhizal infection and an index of microbial biomass were measured in field and greenhouse experiments. Plant growth on the topsoil amended field plots were greatly increased relative to treatments with fertilizer but no topsoil. Three years after establishment, dry weight production on the plots without topsoil treatment was about 40 per cent of the plots treated with topsoil. Greenhouse experiments were designed to compare fresh, dried and stockpiled topsoil. These experiments indicated that storage of the harvested topsoil for five months in a stockpile had minor effects on plant growth, soil fertility, mycorrhizal infection and microbial biomass. Topsoil volumes had to exceed 20 per cent of the total soil volume to achieve statistically significant benefits and higher ratios showed greater benefit. the percentage of mycorrhizal infection was greatest in topsoil treatments without fertilizer. the addition of fertilizer increased growth but reduced the percentage of roots forming mycorrhizae. When the total weight of infected roots was calculated, however, infection was found to be greatest with a moderate level of fertilizer (equivalent to approximately 27 kg N ha⁻¹ and 39 kg P ha⁻¹), and was less in both higher fertilizer treatments and in unfertilized treatments. Topsoil amendment increased microbial biomass nitrogen but fertilizer treatment did not.  相似文献