长江河口区仔稚鱼资源现状的调查   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

韩璐  戴小杰  杨红  焦俊鹏 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(13):6023-6026

2006年7月至2007年11月,对长江河口水域4个航次仔稚鱼的种类组成和数量分布、表层水温、盐度的分布特征以及它们之间的关系进行了调查。结果表明,该海区共出现仔稚鱼22种,隶属6目7科18属;其中,1种仅鉴定到属,还有2种未能鉴定。春季主要的优势种为黢鱼,占春季仔稚鱼总数的77．64％;夏季主要优势种为凤鲚,占夏季仔稚鱼总数的88．13％。水温是影响仔稚鱼分布的主要原因之一,而采获的大部分仔稚鱼部属于广盐性鱼类。与历史同期资料相比,经济性鱼类在种类上和数量上都有所减少,低价值鱼类比例的增加成为调查区仔稚鱼资源结构的变动趋势,表明长江河口水域经济种类仔稚鱼资源已受到严重的威胁。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal patterns in summer ichthyoplankton assemblages on the eastern Bering Sea shelf 1996–2007     

M. S. Busby  J. T. Duffy‐Anderson  K. L. Mier  L. G. De Forest 《Fisheries Oceanography》2014,23(3):270-287

Larval and early juvenile fishes were sampled from the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) shelf from 2001 to 2005, and in 2007. Data from these collections were used to examine spatial and temporal patterns in species assemblage structure and abundance. The years 2001–2005 were unusual because the EBS water temperature was ‘warm’ compared with the long‐term mean temperature. In contrast, 2007 was a ‘cold’ year. The abundance of the five most numerous taxa at 12 stations common to all years sampled (1996–2005, 2007) were significantly different among years. Larval and early juvenile stage Theragra chalcogramma (walleye pollock), a commercially important gadid, were by far the most abundant fish in all years. Bottom depth alone best explained assemblage structure in most years, but in others, bottom depth and water column temperature combined and percent sea‐ice coverage were most important. Abundance of T. chalcogramma larvae increases with water column temperature until 5°C and then becomes level. Higher abundances of Gadus macrocephalus (Pacific cod) larvae occur in years with the greatest percent sea‐ice cover as indicated by GAM analysis. Larvae of Lepidopsetta polyxystra (northern rock sole) increase in abundance with increasing maximum wind speed, but decrease at a later date during the last winter storm. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that oceanographic conditions, specifically water temperature and sea‐ice coverage, affect the spatial and temporal pattern of larval abundances. In general, ichthyoplankton species assemblages can be important early indicators of environmental change in the Bering Sea and potentially other subarctic seas as well.  相似文献   

Heritability of larval and juvenile growth for two stocks of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum     

Xiwu Yan  Zhongming Huo  Feng Yang  Guofan Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(3):484-490

The heritability of larval and juvenile growth in natural and cultured populations of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum was estimated using an unbalanced nested design and an artificial fertilization technique. A total of 33 full‐sib families and 10 half‐sib families were obtained from the natural population in Shihe (Dalian, Liaoning Province in the north‐eastern part of China), whereas 11 half‐sib families and 33 full‐sib families were generated from the cultured population in Putian (Fujian Province in the south‐eastern part of China). The offspring from each family were reared under the same hatchery and nursery conditions. Results from these studies led to estimates indicating a significantly greater influence due to the dam component compared with the sire component for both natural and cultured populations, which was mainly due to maternal effect. We found that the heritability estimates obtained from the intra‐group correlation of sire half‐sib were precise and unbiased. The narrow‐sense heritabilities of shell length for the Manila clam in the natural population (NP) at larval (at the age of 9 days) and juvenile (at the age of 30 days) stages were 0.22 ± 0.11 and 0.39 ± 0.14, respectively, whereas those in the cultured population (CP) were 0.17 ± 0.09 and 0.87 ± 0.24 respectively. The heritabilities of both NP and CP at 3 days were not significantly different from zero, and were ?0.03 for NP and ?0.14 for CP. These results suggest that selection should be highly effective in Manila clam, and that selecting either a natural or a cultured population for producing faster growing larvae and juveniles should be successful. Selective breeding could thus be used to develop high‐quality seed that would facilitate the development of a shorter culture cycle and higher yields.  相似文献   

黄颡鱼仔稚鱼对缝隙和水层的栖息选择行为     

刘全圣  何绪刚  邓闵  吴崇卫  覃雅 《华中农业大学学报》2017,36(1):98-102

采用室内模拟实验方法,观察黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)仔稚鱼对缝隙和水层的栖息选择行为。结果表明:1~18日龄仔稚鱼表现出明显的藏匿行为,喜好栖息于缝隙场所,且白天的喜好性显著高于夜间;19~25日龄稚鱼则不选择缝隙场所栖息。2~7日龄仔鱼对0.3cm缝隙的喜好性显著高于0.5cm缝隙;9~18日龄仔稚鱼只选择较宽(0.5cm)缝隙栖息。18日龄以前,仔稚鱼白天选择栖息于底层缝隙(水底以上20cm内)的比例显著高于表层缝隙(水面以下20cm内);夜间,13~18日龄稚鱼栖息于表、底层缝隙的比例无显著差异。3~10日龄仔鱼及21~32日龄稚鱼喜好栖息于底层水体(水底以上20cm内),11~20日龄仔稚鱼栖息水层未表现出显著的喜好性,表、底水层均有分布。  相似文献   

3种有机磷农药对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性研究     

刘祖毅  王志铮  吕敢堂  邵国洱  包坚敏 《浙江水产学院学报》2010,(1):20-24

以体长（5．09±0．71）cm、体重（2．09±0．66）g的黑鲷幼鱼为实验动物,采用静水停食实验法,在水温（28．8±1．6）℃条件下,开展了乙酰甲胺磷、辛硫磷、三唑磷对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性实验。结果表明,3种农药对黑鲷幼鱼均呈现以蓄积为主导的急性毒发效应,3种农药对黑鲷幼鱼的毒性大小依次为三唑磷、辛硫磷和乙酰甲胺磷,其中乙酰甲胺磷对黑鲷幼鱼24h,48h,72h,96h的半致死浓度分别为30．11mg／L,21．83mg／L,17．30mg／L,14．07mg／L;辛硫磷对黑鲷幼鱼24h,48h,72h,96h的半致死浓度分别为0．50m马,L,0．49mg／L,0．34mg／L,0．30mg／L;三唑磷对黑鲷幼鱼24h,48h,72h,96h的半致死浓度分别为0．068mg,L,0．060mg/L,0．054mg／L,0．051mg／L。最后,还就黑鲷幼鱼对乙酰甲胺磷、辛硫磷、三唑磷的急性致毒效应特征、药物间的致毒效果及其安全浓度进行了评价。  相似文献   

渤海口虾蛄三重刺网渔获组成及其捕捞性能分析     

李显森  吴亚飞  尤宗博  张海鹏  孙珊  孙中之  朱建成 《海洋渔业》2016,(5):516-524

为研究渤海口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)三重刺网的捕捞性能,以河北省昌黎县的口虾蛄三重刺网为基础,于2013年4、5、7月在河北省秦皇岛近海进行50 mm、55 mm、60 mm和65 mm 4种网目尺寸的三重刺网作业性能比较实验,并与60 mm网目单片刺网和底拖网进行渔获对比分析。结果表明:三重刺网具有捕获渔场中绝大多数渔业种类的能力,选择能力较差。春季的渔获种类19种,为渤海近岸底层种类;夏季的渔获种类19种,除了小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)和带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)等底层鱼类外,还有日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)和蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)等中上层鱼类。春季的渔获结构单一,口虾蛄占渔获量的90%以上,主要兼捕种类鲜明鼓虾(Alpheus distinguendus)占4.1%,渔获选择性较好;夏季的渔获中,口虾蛄比例在75%左右,兼捕对象主要为小黄鱼、蓝点马鲛等经济鱼类的幼鱼,对渔业资源造成一定程度的损害,但渔获选择性比底拖网好。单片刺网的选择性最好,但渔获量低,只有三重刺网渔获量的30%左右,无法满足生产要求。建议开展渤海口虾蛄的可捕产量和分区域捕捞管理研究,开发作业性能更优越的口虾蛄专业捕捞渔具。  相似文献   

An insight on Octopus vulgaris paralarvae lipid requirements under rearing conditions          下载免费PDF全文

D.B. Reis  I. García‐Herrero  R. Riera  B.C. Felipe  C. Rodríguez  A.V. Sykes  M.V. Martín  J.P. Andrade  E. Almansa 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(6):797-806

In this study, two new alternative preys: Grapsus adscensionis zoeae (as sole prey) and Palaemon elegans zoeae (in cofeeding with Artemia sp.), as well as, Artemia sp. juveniles were used as feed for octopus paralarvae, as a way to understand its lipid requirements. Total lipid (TL) content, lipid class (LC) and fatty acid (FA) profiles of preys, octopus hatchlings and 9‐day‐old paralarvae were analysed. Growth and survival of the paralarvae were also determined. Regardless the prey provided, a notable shift in the lipid profile of paralarvae was registered after 9 days of rearing. The highest index of growth rate (IGR) recorded when decapod crustacean zoeae were supplied might have some relation with levels of 20:4n‐6 (ARA) and DHA/EPA ratio observed. In this sense, Grapsus adscensionis zoeae leaded to a higher content of ARA and a lower content of EPA, which may indicate a possible competition between these two FA. For that a balanced EPA/ARA ratio might be significant in this species nutrition without disconsidering DHA levels as an essential fatty acid. Finally, the changes observed in paralarvae FA profile might not only be related to prey FA profile, but also with changes occurring in the lipid classes contents.  相似文献   

褐菖鲉幼鱼对贻贝养殖生境的利用规律初探     

汪振华  钟佳明  章守宇  王凯  林军  张健  沈慧 《水产学报》2019,43(9):1900-1913

嵊泗海域规模庞大的贻贝养殖生境发挥着养护幼鱼的海洋牧场功能,而探查当地趋礁鱼类在幼体阶段对该生境的利用规律可为当地海洋牧场的设计提供重要参考,为此2018年5—7月对舟山北部枸杞岛贻贝场的褐菖鲉幼鱼、附着生物进行了逐月调查,使用自制网具采集目标生物样品,应用相对密度指数和相关分析法分析了褐菖鲉幼鱼在该生境中的栖息密度、栖息方式和空间分布特征,采用胃含物分析法确定其食性特征,并结合耳石轮纹探究其利用该生境的生长周期。结果显示,褐菖鲉幼鱼的栖息密度时空特征上,5—7月在养殖区贻贝串上的栖息密度分别为(10±6)、(7±5)和(5±5)个/串,时间上呈现逐月递减趋势,随时间的推移养殖区外侧幼体逐渐迁移至内侧近岸区直至消失。栖息方式选择上,褐菖鲉幼鱼栖息数量与贻贝串孔隙大小和附着海藻生物量之间皆呈正相关,但并不显著。饵料利用上,养殖区褐菖鲉幼鱼总体维持较高的摄食强度,各月份平均摄食强度皆高于对照区,主要摄食对象为麦秆虫和钩虾,重量百分比为70.9%和28.3%。栖息周期上,养殖区内褐菖鲉幼鱼耳石平均轮纹数为(57±12)个,其利用养殖贻贝串的周期一般约为2～3月,且该生境中幼鱼耳石纹路间距均匀性和条纹清晰度均明显优于岩礁生境。研究表明,枸杞岛的贻贝养殖生境成为褐菖鲉幼鱼额外的栖息环境,在增殖养护褐菖鲉资源方面发挥了积极作用,因此嵊泗海域在建设海洋牧场时可依据贻贝养殖生境的资源养护原理,通过设置浮体结构强化海洋牧场的饵料场和庇护功能,以提高褐菖鲉种群的补充量,为当地休闲海钓的持续发展提供部分保障。  相似文献   

The use of spatial management tools in rights‐based groundfish fisheries          下载免费PDF全文

Owen R. Liu  Kristin M. Kleisner  Sarah L. Smith  Jacob P. Kritzer 《Fish and Fisheries》2018,19(5):821-838

The role of spatial management, including marine protected areas, in achieving fisheries outcomes alongside conservation goals is debated. In fisheries that fail to meet fishing mortality targets, closed areas are sometimes implemented to reduce fishing mortality. However, fisheries with stronger management, including rights‐based approaches that can address overcapacity and overfishing problems, often employ spatial management as well. Here, we compare the objectives, design, and performance of spatial management in nine temperate demersal fisheries in North America, Oceania, Europe, and Africa that employ rights‐based systems. Common objectives of spatial management included protecting habitat, juveniles, and spawners and reducing discards. Recovering age structure and creating scientific reference sites were less common objectives, despite being widely cited benefits of spatial management. Some fisheries adopted single closures to achieve single objectives, whereas others adopted diverse networks to achieve multiple objectives. Importantly, many spatial protections are implemented primarily through industry initiatives. Environmental change compromised the efficacy of spatial management in some cases, suggesting the need to design spatial management systems that are robust to changing ocean conditions. Fisheries with diverse and extensive spatial management systems have generally healthier fish stocks. Whether this implies that spatial management contributed substantially to fishery performance is unclear due to an absence of large‐scale, long‐term studies aimed at discerning different drivers of success. Although these targeted monitoring studies of closed areas are limited, such studies are necessary to help resolve the ongoing debate and to enable more purposeful design of spatial management for fisheries and conservation.  相似文献   

Recruitment abundance index of Pacific bluefin tuna using fisheries data on juveniles     

Harumi Yamada  Nobuo Takagi  Daisuke Nishimura 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):333-341

ABSTRACT:   The recruitment abundance index of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis was estimated from 1980 to 2003 fishing year by using the troll fishery data in Nagasaki Prefecture, western Japan. It has been shown that the troll fishery in Nagasaki Prefecture operates with good time–area coverage of the species habitat, and that the fishing power slightly changed during the period analyzed, based on fisheries statistics, published information, and interviews with the fishers. Average catch per unit effort (CPUEs) were standardized by a generalized linear model (GLM) considering the effects of fishing year, season and landing area. Standardized CPUE of age-0 bluefin tuna showed larger fluctuations year by year than the nominal CPUE combined for all ages. High CPUEs in fishing years of 1981, 1994, 1996 and 1999 were observed. Data from these years agreed with the higher recruitments estimated by virtual population analysis (VPA) or higher catch of age-0 fish reported for the Pacific side. The age-specific standardized CPUE of age-0 bluefin tuna in this study was judged to be a useful indicator of recruitment.  相似文献