Effects of paddock management on vegetation,nutrient accumulation,and internal parasites in laying hens     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2013,22(2):334-343

  相似文献   

The Potential for Plants to Trap Emissions from Farms with Laying Hens: 2. Ammonia and Dust     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2008,17(3):398-411

The potential for plants to trap NH₃ and dust [particulate matter (PM)] discharged from a layer house through the exhaust fans was evaluated at The Pennsylvania State University Poultry Education and Research Center in August 2006. Poultry and livestock NH₃ emissions are a concern for air quality, surface deposition, and animal and human health. Particulate matter is a human health concern as well and is regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in nonattainment areas. A vegetative buffer comprising 5 tree species was planted in pot-in-pot containers in 5 rows downwind from 4 henhouse fans, with 1 control row of plants upwind from the fans. When measured with a photoacoustic NH₃ detector at fan elevation (1.5 m), NH₃ concentrations decreased sharply (P ≤ 0.0001) with greater distance, from 71.1 ppm at 0 m (at the fan) to 2.1 ppm at 5.5 m (between rows 2 and 3), 0.3 ppm at 10 m (after row 5), and 0.1 ppm at 50 m (control). This trend was also observed with colorimetric dosi-tubes and a photoacoustic detector at 0.3- and 3.0-m elevations. Significantly lower NH₃ concentrations were recorded at both the 0.3- and 3.0-m elevations in the presence of the trees compared with when the trees were removed from their pot-in-pot containers, suggesting that a portion of the atmospheric NH₃ was being trapped by the plants. This was further supported by greater foliar N concentrations in plants when measured downwind from the fans (P ≤ 0.0001). Dust concentrations sampled downwind from the fans were greatest at 2.5 m and decreased linearly to 50 m (P ≤ 0.0001). Plant PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and total PM washed from the foliage showed the same significant linear trend with greater distance from the fans. Plants also showed unique species differences in their capacity to trap and hold NH₃ and PM that can be applied in practical recommendations. These findings indicated vegetative buffers are capable of trapping NH₃ and PM fan emissions from poultry facilities.  相似文献   

粗酶制剂在大麦日粮中对产蛋鸡的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘燕强  韩正康 《中国家禽》1998,20(2):13-15

就粗酶制剂在大麦日粮中对产蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响进行了两次试验。按０．１％比例的酶制剂添加于含大麦２８．５％和５０％的日粮中，分别饲喂３３０和２４２日龄的产蛋鸡。结果添加酶制剂对鸡产蛋率无明显提高，而对每个蛋重和鸡蛋质量有所改善，同时使产蛋鸡外周血液中促甲状腺激素和生长激素显著提高，而使甲状腺素显著降低。  相似文献   

Effects of phenyllactic acid on production performance,egg quality parameters,and blood characteristics in laying hens     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2009,18(2):203-209

Organic acids have been widely used as feed additives to replace antibiotics in livestock feeds. Data on the use of phenyllactic acid (PLA) are lacking. The effects of PLA on production performance, egg quality parameters, and blood characteristics in laying hens were studied in a 35-d experiment. A total of 240 ISA Brown 36-wk-old layers were divided into the following 4 treatments: 1) control (basal diet), 2) control + 0.1% PLA, 3) control + 0.2% PLA, and 4) control + 0.3% PLA. Although supplementing the diet with PLA did not affect ADFI and FE, it linearly improved egg production rate, eggshell breaking strength, and Haugh units. Egg weight, eggshell thickness, and egg yolk color were not significantly altered by supplementing the diet with PLA. White blood cell, red blood cell, total protein, and albumin concentrations were higher in the control + 0.1% PLA and control treatment groups (P < 0.05), whereas the groups fed the control + 0.2% PLA and control + 0.3% PLA diets had greater (P < 0.05) lymphocyte concentrations. In conclusion, PLA may exert some positive effects to the immune system and egg production over the short term. It may be beneficial to supplement the diets of laying hens with PLA in the absence of antibiotics. This experiment involved a small experimental sample and a short time, so the beneficial effects of PLA should be studied further in commercial farms over the long term.  相似文献   

不同日粮组成对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

管武太  李德发 《中国畜牧杂志》1996,32(4):13-15

选用５７６只１５４日龄海赛克斯蛋鸡探讨不同日粮组成对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响。共计３个处理，每个处理４个重复，每个重复４８只鸡，全阶梯三层笼养，自由采食、饮水，进行产蛋率大于８０％的饲养试验。试验期为４周。试验结束后，对各处理的产蛋率、只日产蛋量、料蛋比、破蛋率、每千克蛋耗料成本及蛋的品质指标进行统计分析。试验结果表明，采食３种日粮的试鸡在产蛋量、破蛋率、采食量等指标差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），但采食无鱼粉日粮的试鸡料蛋比、死淘率最低，每千克蛋饲料成本最低（Ｐ＜０．０５），且产蛋率最高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、哈氏单位４项指标上３个处理间无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。  相似文献   

Ge－132对母子代鸡体自由基代谢的影响Ⅰ．Ge－132对鸡体血液及某些组织器官自由基代谢的影响     

唐兆新  史言 《中国兽医学报》1995,(1)

应用电子顺磁共振技术（ＥＳＲ）研究了Ｇｅ－１３２对蛋鸡血液和肝、肾、脾、心组织自由基含量的影响。将１５０只３５周龄海兰蛋鸡随机分为５组（每组３０只），Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别于基础日粮中添加Ｇｅ－１３２５０、１００、１５０、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ⅴ组为对照，连续饲喂２５ｄ。试验结果：（１）Ⅰ～Ⅳ组鸡血锗含量比对照组均显著增多（Ｐ＜０．０１），且组间未见明显的、有规律的剂量依赖关系，试验第１０ｄ与第２０ｄ血锗含量差异不显著；（２）血液与肝、肾、脾、心组织的自由基含量，试验Ⅰ～Ⅳ组与对照组相比均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），且Ⅰ～Ⅳ组间未见明显的剂量依赖性差异，试验第１０ｄ与第２０ｄ差异亦不显著；（３）血锗含量与血液自由基之间呈显著的负相关（相关系数０．７３６），而血液自由基与肝、肾、脾及心肌自由基之间，则呈良好的正相关（相关系数分别为：０．８７４，０．６４２，０．８４９，０．８０７）。从而证实，适量的Ｇｅ－１３２能有效地清除鸡体血液及各种组织中的自由基。  相似文献   

日粮维生素A水平对免疫接种及热应激下蛋鸡脂质过氧化反应的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王兰芳  林海  杨全明  朱立贤 《畜牧兽医学报》2002,33(5):443-447

试验研究不同的VA添加水平（3000、6000、9000、12000IU/kg）对经免疫接种（对照组）和接种后立即热应激处理（试验组）的蛋鸡生产性能，血浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量的影响。结果：表明：（1）VA水平对蛋鸡采食量、产蛋率和料蛋比无显著影响，但随着VA水平的提高，蛋重极显著增加（P＜0．01）；试验组蛋重显著低于对照组（P＜0．01），料蛋比显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）。（2）对照组接种使机体超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量极显著升高（P＜0．01）；VA添加水平对SOD活性无显著影响，但随着VA添加水平的提高，血浆中LPO含量极显著下降（P＜0．01）。（3）试验组免疫接种后立即热应激（32℃，24h）会抑制SOD活性的升高，使LPO含量也极显著升高（P＜0．01），48h后SOD活生极显著升高（P＜0．01）；随着VA水平的提高，SOD活性显著提高（P＜0．05），LPO含量极显著下降（P＜0．01），实验结果显示，高温＋免疫接种会给蛋鸡机体造成很大的影响，使机体内SOD活性受到抑制，LPO含量升高，应尽可能避免高温下进行免疫接种，提高日粮VA水平有利于减轻机体脂质过氧化程度，VA对SOD活性的影响因应激程度而有所差异。  相似文献   

不同棉酚含量的日粮饲喂伊莎褐生长鸡、产蛋鸡的试验研究     

古少鹏  仝富强  贺志平 《畜禽业》2001,(10):44-46

本试验Ⅰ组用１０％脱毒棉仁饼代替部分大豆饼，日粮中含游离棉酚０．００４９８％。试验Ⅱ组用５％棉仁饼代替部分大豆饼，８粮含游离棉酚０．００６％。对照组用低鱼粉大豆日粮，不含棉酚。试验分二个阶段进行。试验１，３种日粮饲喂莎褐生长鸡结果不影响增重，饲料利用率试验组低于对照组，增重成本试验Ⅰ组最低，试验Ⅱ组稍高于对照组。试验２，３种日粮饲喂伊莎褐商品代蛋鸡结果不影响产蛋率，蛋重和饲科利用率对照组高于试验组。鸡蛋成本试验Ⅰ组比对照组低０．０７元。试验证明１０％脱毒棉仁饼代替部分大豆饼合游离棉酚０．００４９８％的日粮经济效益最高。目前缺乏蛋白质饲料，而大豆饼价格上涨的情况下，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组日粮均可采用。  相似文献   

二氢吡啶(diludin)抗蛋鸡脂肪肝的机理   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

邹晓庭  王友明  卢建军 《中国兽医学报》2002,22(6):620-623

30周龄罗曼蛋鸡 80 0只 ,随机分为 2组 (每组设 4个重复 ,每个重复 10 0只 ) ,分别饲喂添加二氢吡啶 (diludin) 0、15 0 m g/ kg的玉米豆粕日粮 ,分别于试验 2 0周和 40周采血和屠宰 ,研究了二氢吡啶抗蛋鸡脂肪肝的机制。结果显示 ,日粮中添加二氢吡啶 ,试验鸡于 5 0、70周龄时 ,肝脂率和腹脂率均显著降低 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;腹脂激素敏感脂酶 (HSL )活性显著提高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,脂蛋白脂酶 (L PL )活性显著降低 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,肝脏中NADPH生成酶 - MDH活性显著降低 (P<0 .0 1) ;血清脂肪酶活性和游离脂肪酸、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著提高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;血清甘油三酯含量降低 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;血清超氧化物歧化酶和 T3 显著提高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;肝脏、腹脂中环腺苷酸 (c AMP)含量显著提高 (P<0 .0 5 )。上述结果表明 ,二氢吡啶通过促进产蛋中后期蛋鸡肝脏中脂肪的迁移和体脂的分解 ,达到抗脂肪肝效果。  相似文献   

四季鹅产蛋前后腺垂体远侧部细胞的超微结构比较   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

朱元招  吴学祥 《中国兽医学报》1998,18(4):390-393

对处于产蛋、停产和产前等不同时期的四季鹅腺垂体远侧部分泌促激素的６类细胞，即促生长激素细胞（α细胞）、催乳激素细胞（η细胞）、促卵泡形成激素细胞（β细胞）、促黄体生成激素细胞（γ细胞）、促甲状腺激素细胞（δ细胞）及嫌色细胞等的超微结构作了比较观察。结果表明，产蛋期嗜碱性β、γ和δ细胞呈旺盛的细胞结构象，细胞器结构发达，腺体功能活跃；停产期特征是η细胞稍增多，细胞器少，腺体功能处于相对静止；产前期仅α细胞功能活跃，嫌色细胞数量较多，此时腺体功能低下。  相似文献