基于Penman-Monteith方程的节水灌溉稻田蒸散量模型   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

丁加丽  彭世彰  徐俊增  魏征 《农业工程学报》2010,26(4):31-35

为利用Penman-Monteith方程直接计算非充分灌溉条件下的稻田蒸散量,该文根据国家“863”节水农业重大专项试验资料,在K-P表层阻抗模型修正研究基础上,提出改进的稻田蒸散量模拟模型。结果表明：根据土壤相对含水率修正后的K-P模型较好地模拟了水稻表层阻抗,且反映出不同土壤水分状况下表层阻抗的变化规律;采用改进的Penman-Monteith方程模拟水分胁迫条件下的稻田蒸散量后,误差从改进前的18.57%降低至10.84%,且对冠层未完全覆盖条件下的稻田蒸散量也具有较好的模拟效果;土壤含水率、空气温度和空气湿度是改进的Penman-Monteith方程最为敏感的因子,它们的准确观测对于提高模型的估算精度至关重要;模型回归系数（c1、c0）的变化对模型估算结果的影响较小。表明当某一特定作物的回归系数值确定后,改进的Penman-Monteith方程可应用于不同地区、不同灌溉模式下作物蒸发蒸腾量的估算。  相似文献   

荔枝花芽分化期叶片的光谱特征及其养分预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王颖芳  陈水森  李丹  周霞  王建芳 《农业工程学报》2010,26(6):216-225

为实现荔枝营养状况的快速监测,提高荔枝的精细施肥管理水平,服务华南荔枝的高产优质安全生产,研究了广州白云区荔枝花芽分化期冠层高光谱4 种变化形式的特性,结果表明荔枝秋梢冠层叶片光谱具有植物光谱共性。结合试验测得的冠层叶片生化养分数据（全氮、全磷、叶绿素、有机碳）分别与光谱反射率这4种形式作相关性分析。选择最显著相关的波段进行曲线拟合,结果表明：叶绿素、有机碳含量的最佳光谱诊断敏感波段分别是反射率一阶导数的 1 562 nm (r=0.8944)、1 720 nm (r=0.7827),全氮、全磷的最佳光谱诊断敏感波段分别是倒数对数一阶导数的2 059 nm (r=0.8073),1 347 nm (r=0.7575);全氮、叶绿素、有机碳指数函数拟合最优（RMSE分别为0.002730, 0.008138和0.000416）,全磷线性模型最优（RMSE=0.000336）。研究结果对华南精细荔枝果业的实施和果业环境保护都具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

基于超声波的果树冠层三维重构与体积测量   总被引：11，自引：8，他引：3  

俞龙  洪添胜  赵祚喜  黄健  张霖 《农业工程学报》2010,26(11):204-208

为了克服地面不平整和拖拉机非线性行驶对果树冠层参数测量的影响,该文在超声波传感器阵列测量果树冠层体积技术的基础上,使用RTK-DGPS空间定位技术和姿态航向参考系统,通过空间坐标的平移和旋转转换,直接获得以大地坐标表示的果树冠层的三维点阵云图数据,通过PC机后台处理重构果树冠层三维轮廓和计算果树冠层体积,并详细介绍了系统的结构与工作原理。以果园荔枝树为试验对象,采用该系统对15棵不同高度和体积的果树进行了3次重复试验,另对56棵树的测量结果与人工测量结果进行了对比分析,试验结果表明该方法具有较好的重复性（  相似文献   

树型喷洒靶标外形轮廓探测方法   总被引：10，自引：9，他引：1  

翟长远  赵春江  王秀  邹伟  毛益进  张睿 《农业工程学报》2010,26(12):173-177

为了在线探测靶标外形并为变量喷药提供基础支持,研究了树型喷洒靶标外形轮廓探测方法。该文基于超声传感器搭建了靶标外形轮廓探测试验平台,该平台能够驱动步进电机精确匀速运动,以0.02 m为步长密集测量树冠形状,将获得的数据传给计算机实时显示,并能够在Access数据库中长期存储。使用该测试平台针对自制规则树树冠和花期樱桃树树冠分别进行了试验。试验结果显示规则树冠和樱桃树冠体积探测精度分别为92.8%和90.0%,表明该方法具有较高探测精度。  相似文献   

沈阳市3种行道树冠层孔隙度研究     

刘璇  屈海燕  王康  吴美阳 《西北林学院学报》2021,36(2):54-60

为了深入研究树木的冠层特性,从冠层孔隙度方面入手,利用半球摄影法获取沈阳市常用行道树银杏、国槐、银中杨的冠层孔隙度图像,通过Gap Light AnalyzerV2.0计算出冠层孔隙度,并同步测绘树木的胸径、树高、冠幅;对3种乔木的孔隙度和生长参数分别进行单因素方差分析、回归分析。结果表明:1）3种乔木的孔隙度具有显著差异,Q_银中杨＜Q_国槐＜Q_银杏（Q为冠层孔隙度）;2）冠幅和胸径分别与冠层孔隙度呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,高度与冠层孔隙度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,相关系数表明孔隙度受冠幅的影响大于受胸径的影响;3）对与冠层孔隙度相关系数较高的冠幅和胸径构建多元线性回归模型,分别为Q_国槐=44.808-2.218×W_国槐-50.545×D_国槐;Q_银杏= 45.637-2.613×W_银杏-43.156×D_银杏;Q_银中杨=33.084-3.834×W_银中杨+41.105×D_银中杨。本研究提供了冠层孔隙度与生长参数的关系,可为林下光环境、反演叶面积指数以及树木数字模拟提供有效参数和数据基础。  相似文献   

Infrared Thermal Imaging as a Rapid Tool for Identifying Water‐Stress Tolerant Maize Genotypes of Different Phenology     

S. Zia  G. Romano  W. Spreer  C. Sanchez  J. Cairns  J. L. Araus  J. Müller 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2013,199(2):75-84

The main task of this research was to evaluate canopy temperature and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) by assessing genotype variability of maize performance for different water regimes. To that end, three hundred tropical and subtropical maize hybrids with different phenology in terms of date of anthesis were evaluated. The influence of phenology on the change in canopy temperatures and CWSI was not equal during the three dates of measurement. At the end of vegetative growth (82 days after sowing, DAS) and at the blister stage (DAS 97), a high significant difference in temperatures and CWSI (P < 0.001) were obtained between the early‐ and late‐maturity genotypes. During anthesis (DAS 89), phenology had a significant effect (P < 0.01) only for the well‐watered genotypes, while under water‐stress conditions, no differences were found between early and late genotypes in terms of canopy temperature and CWSI. High significant differences (P < 0.001) in stomatal conductance (g_s) between early and late genotypes for different treatments were observed. A relationship (R² = 0.62) between g_s and canopy temperature was obtained. Under a water‐stress canopy, temperature was measured at anthesis, which was negatively correlated with grain yield of the early (r = ?0.55)‐ and late (r = ?0.46)‐maturity genotypes in the water‐stressed condition.  相似文献   

The location and characteristics of novel sources of resistance to Bremia Lactucae Regel (downy mildew) in wild Lactuca L. Species     

Judith M. Norwood  I. R. Crute  A. Lebeda 《Euphytica》1981,30(3):659-668

Summary Twenty-one accessions of 3 wild Lactuca species which could be hybridised with L. sativa, the cultivated lettuce, were inoculated at different stages of plant development with 3 multivirulent isolates of Bremia lactucae. Nineteen sources of resistance to B. lactucae, not attributable to the previously recognised resistance factors 1–11 were identified. Two lines of L. serriola showed similar resistance patterns as lines carrying R11. The resistance of some accession was incomplete particularly at the seedling stage and this phenomenon may be race specific.Tests on segregating F₂ populations of crosses between 2 different L. serriola accessions and L. sativa cultivars showed that the resistance in one line (LSE/18) appears to be inherited as a single dominant gene, which is sometimes incomplete in expression and allelic to either Dm6 or R7. The segregation patterns for resistance in PI 281876 did not give readily interpretable ratios.To assess the frequency of occurrence in B. lactucae populations of virulence factors to overcome this novel resistance, 11 of the novel sources of resistance were inoculated with numerous collections of the pathogen from the UK, Czechoslovakia and elsewhere and found to show a high level of resistance.  相似文献   

The role of resistance breeding in the intergrated control of downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) in protected lettuce     

Ian R. Crute 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):95-102

Summary Over the last 30 years, six resistance alleles (Dm2, Dm3, Dm6, Dm7, Dm11 andDm16) located in two linkage groups, have contributed to the control of downy mildew in lettuce crops grown under protection (glass or polythene) in northern Europe. More recently, an as yet genetically uncharacterised resistance factor, R18, has also begun to assume importance. The occurrence of the various combinations of these resistance alleles that exist in commercial cultivars has been dictated by the pathotypes ofBremia lactucae used in their selection but also restricted by linkage in repulsion. In the UK, a pathotype ofB. lactucae insensitive to phenylamide fungicides, such as metalaxyl, emerged in 1978 and became prevalent throughout lettuce production areas in subsequent years. The specific virulence of this pathotype was identical to the previously described phenylamide sensitive pathotype NL10 and cultivars carryingDm11, Dm16 or R18 were resistant. Consequently, an integrated control strategy based on the utilisation of metalaxyl on cultivars carryingDm11 provided effective control in UK until 1987 when a new phenylamide insensitive pathotype began to cause problems. The specific virulence of this second pathotype, which was first reported in the Netherlands and France, was identical to the previously described phenylamide sensitive pathotype NL15. Cultivars carryingDm6, Dm16 or R18, but notDm11, were resistant to NL15; consequently an appropriate change in the cultivar recommendations for use in the integrated control strategy was successfully promulgated. It is predicted that variations of this integrated control strategy involving the use of appropriately selectedDm gene combinations may prove effective for some time. This prediction is based on studies of the status of the avirulence loci in the two phenylamide insensitive pathotypes and of the specific virulence characteristics of phenylamide sensitive components of the pathogen population.  相似文献   

Effect of Water Status on Leaf Angle and Leaf Movement in Wheat   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

R. Peinetti  J. F. Ledent 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1990,165(4):263-267

Water stress was imposed by watering withholding or application of PEG during the period following ligule emergence of Hag leaves or fifth leaves. Treatment reduced markedly the downward rotation of these youngest fully expanded leaves, and the angle finally reached. Leaf angle changes appear to be sensitive indicators of water shortage in wheat.  相似文献   

The identification and characteristics of field resistance to lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae Regel)     

I. R. Crute  Judith M. Norwood 《Euphytica》1981,30(3):707-717

Summary Eighty-one accessions of three Lactuca species which showed no recognisable race specific resistance to Bremia lactucae when tested in the laboratory as seedlings, exhibited different degrees of susceptibility when exposed to natural field infection. As a group, crisp genotypes had less mildew and a slower rate of disease development than other types of lettuce. Wild forms of Lactuca sativa and Lactuca serriola were particularly susceptible. In a further trial, the low field susceptibility of three lettuce cultivars (Iceberg, Batavia blonde de Paris and Grand Rapids) was confirmed. Disease development on cv. Iceberg was compared to that on the highly susceptible cv. Hilde in experiments where the two cultivars were grown either in close proximity or in isolation. The absolute level of attack on cv. Iceberg depended upon disease pressure and differences between the two types only became apparent approximately 8 wk after sowing.  相似文献