Occurrence in Italy and characteristics of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) resistant to phenylamide fungicides     

Laura Cobelli  Marina Collina  Agostino Brunelli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(5):449-455

Control of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) with phenylamide fungicides has failed in some intensive lettuce-producing areas in Northern Italy since Spring 1993. Before then, these chemicals and particularly metalaxyl, provided the best disease control. The sensitivity of Bremia lactucae isolates collected in such areas to metalaxyl was evaluated in the laboratory. These strains grew and sporulated profusely on lettuce seedlings treated with 100 and 200 ppm of metalaxyl, whereas sensitive control strains were completely inhibited when treated with fungicide concentrations ranging from 0.5–1 ppm. Thus in Italy occurrence of resistance to phenylamide fungicides in Bremia lactucae has also been demonstrated, as in almost all the countries where these chemicals were previously authorised. Subsequently, a demonstration of occurrence of resistance was made and the virulence pattern of several strains (resistant and sensitive to metalaxyl) was characterised using differential NL series containing the 13 DM resistant genes or R factors. The results suggest the occurrence of a new pathotype in Italy different from all the 16 NL Bremia lactucae races studied.  相似文献   

Estimation of urban tree canopy cover using random point sampling and remote sensing methods     

《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2016

Trees play an important role in urban areas by improving air quality, mitigating urban heat islands, reducing stormwater runoff and providing biodiversity habitat. Accurate and up-to-date estimation of urban tree canopy cover (UTC) is a basic need for the management of green spaces in cities, providing a metric from which variation can be understood, change monitored and areas prioritised. Random point sampling methods, such as i-Tree canopy, provide a cheap and quick estimation of UTC for a large area. Remote sensing methods using airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and multi-spectral images produce accurate UTC maps, although greater processing time and technical skills are required. In this paper, random point sampling and remote sensing methods are used to estimate UTC in Williamstown, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia. High resolution multi-spectral satellite images fused with LiDAR data with pixel-level accuracy are employed to produce the UTC map. The UTC is also estimated by categorising random points (a) automatically using the LiDAR derived UTC map and (b) manually using Google Maps and i-Tree canopy software. There was a minimum 1% difference between UTC estimated from the map derived from remotely sensed data and only 1000 random points automatically categorised by that same map, indicating the level of error associated with a random sampling approach. The difference between UTC estimated by remote sensing and manually categorised random point sampling varied in range of 4.5% using a confidence level of 95%. As monitoring of urban forest canopy becomes an increasing priority, the uncertainties associated with different UTC estimates should be considered when tracking change or comparing different areas using different methods.  相似文献   

变量筛选方法对郁闭度遥感估测模型的影响比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

琚存勇  邸雪颖  蔡体久 《林业科学》2007,43(12):33-38

比较基于偏最小二乘回归的Bootstrap方法与传统的平均残差平方和(RMSq)准则所选变量建立模型的精度差别.结果表明:Bootstrap方法是一种更优秀的变量筛选方法,比RMSq方法精度提高约5%;而且它不受变量多带来的运算困难的限制,更便于实际应用.  相似文献   

不同密度对棉花群体冠层结构及微环境的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

田绍仁  张丽娟  夏绍南  高红兵  聂太礼  杨磊  柯兴盛 《江西棉花》2009,31(5):17-21

以湘杂棉8号为试材．对不同种植密度处理下棉花的叶面积、群体冠层内的温度、湿度及光分布的情况进行分析。结果表明：密度处理对棉花上述几项指标均有影响，从构建良好的群体结构角度看，以30000株，hm^2最佳，39000株，hm^2次之。建议鄱阳湖棉区最佳种植密度为30000—39000株，hm^2。  相似文献   

草地反射太阳光偏振特性测量个例分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

韩志刚  吕达仁 《草地学报》1998,6(4):237-243

本文在中国科学院植的研究所岩石草原定位研究站对羊草和苔草样方进行太阳反射光偏振特性的测量。  相似文献   

天山云杉林林冠干扰前后植物多样性及其与环境的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

刘云  侯世全  李明辉  潘存德 《林业科学研究》2005,18(4):430-435

林冠干扰后，林窗内因小环境的改变使得植被作出相应的反应。1999年对天山云杉林林窗内和林内的植被进行的调查结果表明：在本研究范围内的天山云杉林中，经过林冠干扰后，植被受一定的影响。林冠空隙内丰富度指数均大于林内；36．7％的林冠空隙内个体生态优势度小于林内；76．7％的林内的均匀度指数大于林冠空隙内；66．7％的林冠空隙Shannon个体多样性指数大于林内。林冠干扰前后，各环境因子和植物多样性之间有一定的相关关系。影响林冠空隙内各多样性指数的因子包括海拔、有效N、有机质、全K、全P和总盐，有效N、有机质、全K、全P和总盐对均匀度指数有显著性影响；而影响林内各多样性指数的因子包括坡向、坡位、坡度、光照强度、有效N、全K、全P和总盐，但仅有坡向、坡度、光照强度对生态优势度指数有显著性影响。  相似文献   

红树植物地面反射光谱特征研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

翁强  卢昌义 《福建林业科技》2006,33(3):14-19

结合使用野外便携式光谱仪对九龙江口红树林保护区白骨壤、秋茄、桐花树3种红树植物的叶冠表观光谱的测量结果,系统分析比较了红树植物叶冠反射光谱特征及其差异;并在一个潮间带底质遥感信息处理平台上对研究地点进行基于表观光谱特征的白骨壤和秋茄的SPOT卫星遥感图像分类;最后讨论了红树光谱研究中存在的问题。  相似文献   

一种半球图像的处理方法     

张丽敏  王力华  殷红  刘阳 《辽宁林业科技》2006,(3):16-19,36

冠层结构是描述作物植被—环境界面的重要议题,半球图像法以其方便、廉价、省时、省力获得了众多学者的青睐,但半球图像法的发展受到鱼眼镜头畸变和图像处理技术的限制。文章以模拟鱼眼镜头的模型照片为研究对象,应用Image-pro plus图像处理软件,得出从原始图像提取目标的方法步骤,易于理解,方便操作。对照相法研究林冠结构的图像处理方面有一定的指导作用。  相似文献   

Factorial analysis on forest canopy density restoration in the burned area of northern Great Xing＇an Mountains, China     

XIEFu-ju XIAODu-ning LIXiu-zhen WANGXu-gao SHIBao-dong 《林业研究》2005,16(2):125-131

The restoration of forest landscape has drawn much attention since the catastrophic fire took place on the northern slope of Great Xing‘an Mountains in 1987. Forest canopy density, which has close relation to forest productivity, was selected as a key factor to find how much the forest quality was changed 13 years after fire, and how fire severity, regeneration way and terrain factors influenced the restoration of forest canopy density, based on forest inventory data in China, and using Kendall Bivariate Correlation Analysis, and Distances Correlation Analysis. The results showed that fire severity which was inversely correlated with forest canopy density grade was an initial factor among all that selected. Regeneration way which did not remarkably affect forest canopy density restoration in short period, may shorten the cycle of forest succession and promote the forest productivity of conophorium in the future, Among the three terrain factors, the effect of slope was the strongest, the position on slope was the second and the aspect was the last.  相似文献   

Effects of polyline simplification of dynamic GPS data under forest canopy on area and perimeter estimations     

Yasuyuki Tachiki  Tetsuhiko Yoshimura  Hisashi Hasegawa  Tomonori Mita  Tetsuro Sakai  Futoshi Nakamura 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(6):419-427

The objectives of this study were to determine Global Positioning System (GPS) positional errors while moving under the forest canopy and to clarify the effects of polyline simplification on area and perimeter estimations. We used the Pathfinder Pro XR and GPSMAP 76S, which are categorized as “high-end mapping” and “general navigation” GPS receivers, respectively. The field tests were conducted in both natural and plantation forests. The results showed that the Pathfinder Pro XR, which has better multipath rejection technology, worked well, especially in the plantation forest under unfavorable conditions of higher stand density. We used analysis of variance to clarify the effects of the receiver type, positioning mode, stand type, and polyline simplification method on area and perimeter estimations. The receiver type and positioning mode were found to be significant factors that affected area estimation. The Pathfinder Pro XR estimated the area more accurately than the GPSMAP 76S, and differential GPS estimated the area more accurately than autonomous GPS. With respect to the perimeter, the receiver type, positioning mode, and polyline simplification method were found to be significant factors. The results showed that perimeter estimation was improved by using the velocity filter, and further improved by using the velocity filter and Douglas-Peucker algorithm, especially when the Pathfinder Pro XR was used. The GPSMAP 76S estimated the perimeter accurately without any filtering because its default speed filter worked well, even though the GPSMAP 76S is a general navigation GPS receiver.  相似文献