Improving maize grain yield by formulating plant growth regulator strategies in North China          下载免费PDF全文

Li-sha GONG  Shu-jie QU  Guan-min HUANG  Yu-ling GUO  Ming-cai ZHANG  Zhao-hu LI  Yu-yi ZHOU  Liu-sheng DUAN 《农业科学学报》2021,20(2):622-632

Plant growth regulators(PGRs) are artificially synthesized compounds that have become an important technical guarantee for agricultural production. EDAH(containing 27% ethephon and 3% DA-6) has been proven to inhibit stalk elongation, promote stalk bold and increase mechanical strength and number of vascular bundles. DA-6 could enhance plant photosynthetic capacity and promote cell division and growth. In our study, experiments were performed at summer maize growing season during 2018–2019. The result showed that plant height, ear height and center of gravity height of maize with EDAH+DA-6 treatment were decreased by 10.18, 16.77 and 13.21%, respectively; leaf area and leaf area index also significantly(P0.001) decreased by 24.11 and 60.15%, respectively; the value of mean tilt angle significantly(P0.001) increased by 16.72% compared with the control plants, which meant that EDAH+DA-6 could shape more compact plant type. Therefore, lodging rate of maize with EDAH+DA-6 treatment decreased by 6.95% compared with control plants, and the grain yield was increased by 15.51%. In addition, EDAH+DA-6 treatment significantly improved the quality of maize base stalks, such as improving mechanical properties, which increased maize base stalk crushing strength by 22.23%; increased the hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents by 6.93, 3.87 and 30.21%, respectively. In conclusion, EDAH+DA-6 treatment could improve summer maize yield by shaping plant morphological characteristics and group photosynthesis.  相似文献   

不同清洗剂对切割生菜品质的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

周会玲  唐爱均  王祥明 《西北农业学报》2010,19(11):115-118

以次氯酸钠、苯甲酸钠、过氧化氢对切割生菜进行清洗,研究其贮藏过程中品质变化。结果表明:质量分数为0.01%次氯酸钠和质量分数0.5%苯甲酸钠处理能够显著延缓切割生菜叶绿素、Vc以及可溶性固形物含量的下降,保持了较好的感官品质,贮藏到第10天仍有商品价值;体积分数1.0%过氧化氢处理对保持切割生菜的品质有一定的作用,但处理效果略次于苯甲酸钠和次氯酸钠,贮藏6 d后,感官品质和Vc损失较多。  相似文献   

夏玉米光谱特征对其不同色素含量的响应差异   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张俊华  张佳宝 《西北农业学报》2010,19(4):70-76

在不同施氮水平夏玉米的6个典型生育期,采用化学方法测定冠层叶绿素含量,利用叶绿素计测定的叶绿素读数以及光谱反射率,系统分析了单波段反射率、可见光和近红外波段组合而成的归一化植被指数(NDVI)、比值植被指数(RVI)等8种常见植被指数与相应时期2种方法测定的叶绿素含量的相关性。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,叶绿素含量和冠层近红外波段反射率都随之增加;整个生育期中孕穗期在近红外区域反射率最高,与可见光波段反射率相差最大;6个生育期单波段510~1 100 nm反射率、NDVI、RVI等植被指数与叶绿素含量的2种测定结果显著相关或极显著相关,植被指数的表现较单波段更好,且从苗期到乳熟期,各波段反射率与叶绿素的相关性逐渐增强。整体来讲,可见光中560、660 nm和近红外760、810、590和1 300 nm组合的NDVI在各生育期与2个农学指标的相关性较好,选择NDVI(560,760)可以准确拟合夏玉米叶片叶绿素含量,其对化学方法测定的叶绿素含量拟合效果较佳。  相似文献   

蓄冷剂在油麦菜保鲜中的应用研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

高凯  张娜  杨秀茹  张平 《保鲜与加工》2010,10(3):30-32

以4％氯化钠水溶液和蒸馏水作为蓄冷介质,采用二种不同的介质载体,利用蓄冷剂的相变潜热来维持低温．探讨其在油麦菜贮藏保鲜中的应用效果。试验结果表明,应用蓄冷剂可以延长泡沫箱内油麦菜的保冷时间,提高贮藏保鲜效果;其中以吸水海绵一蒸馏水系统保鲜效果最佳;盐蓄冷剂没有显示出比冰蓄冷剂优越的保冷效果。  相似文献   

Within-Canopy Distribution of Stenoma catenifer (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) Infestation in Avocado Orchards     

Alessandra M Vacari  Felipe Damato  Bruno Gomes Dami  Mateus Levi Feliz de Lima  Lucas S M Ubiali Lima  Gustavo Pincerato Figueiredo  Eder de Oliveira Cabral  Cesar Rodriguez-Saona 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2021,21(5)

Native to the neotropics, the avocado seed moth Stenoma catenifer Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) is a specialist pest of the family Lauraceae and considered one of the most important pests of avocados worldwide. However, little is known regarding its spatial distribution within a single tree. Therefore, we designed a study to evaluate the effects of canopy height and aspect (i.e., side of the tree) on fruit infestation by S. catenifer larvae in avocados. The study was conducted in three commercial organic avocado orchards located in São Paulo, Brazil. At each orchard, 40 fruit from 30 random trees were sampled weekly from October 2017 through February 2018, evaluating the number of fruits infested by S. catenifer larvae at three tree heights (bottom, middle, and top). In addition, fruits on the ground were also sampled. We also evaluated the effect of the side of the tree where the fruits were collected, i.e., whether they were on the side facing the east (sunrise) or the west (sunset). Within the avocado canopy, the level of fruit infestation by S. catenifer larvae was significantly higher at the top of the trees than in the middle and bottom. Fruit on the ground had lower levels of infestation than those on the tree canopy. The level of fruit infestation was also higher on the side of avocado trees facing the east (sunrise). Understanding the within-tree distribution of S. catenifer will help to better target monitoring and control activities against this pest in avocados.  相似文献   

人工毛竹林水文生态功能的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

孔维健  周本智  安艳飞  王刚  王小明  徐升华 《林业科学研究》2010,23(5):713-718

在2009年3—10月对浙江庙山坞自然保护区人工毛竹林的水文生态特征进行了定位样地和径流场观测研究,以探讨其林内降水分配规律和水土保持功能。结果表明:(1)观测期内,林外总降水量达1 220.8 mm,穿透雨量、茎流量、林冠截留量分别占总降水量的78.2%、7.3%和14.5%。随着林外降水量的增加,穿透雨量、茎流量呈线性增加,而林冠截留量先是迅速增加,当林外降水量达10 mm后增速减缓,并趋于稳定(5 - 6 mm)。(2)人工毛竹林林地凋落物现存量平均为4.37 t·hm^-2,最  相似文献   

杭州湾北岸沿海防护林冠层结构及林下光环境     

成向荣  冯利  虞木奎  刘志龙  张翠  王宗星  葛乐 《浙江林学院学报》2010,27(6):872-876

利用跟踪辐射与冠层结构测量仪（TRAC）研究了杭州湾北岸6种沿海防护林冠层结构及林下光环境特征。结果表明：6种林分以中山杉Taxodium ascendens × mucronatum间隙分数最大,红叶椿Ailanthus altissima ‘Hongye’,洋白蜡Fraxinus pennsylvanica和美国皂荚Gleditsia triacanthos的平均间隙分数接近,乌桕Sapium sebiferum和女贞Ligustrum lucidum的平均间隙分数相对较小。而各林分叶面积指数特征与间隙分数相反,女贞和乌桕平均叶面积指数（LAI）较高,红叶椿、洋白蜡、美国皂荚和中山杉的叶面积指数接近。红叶椿叶丛生效应较低,而美国皂荚、乌桕、中山杉、洋白蜡和女贞具有类似的丛生效应。各林分内光量子通量密度（PPFD）具有较大差异,其大小依次为中山杉＞美国皂荚＞红叶椿,洋白蜡＞乌桕＞女贞。图2表4参18  相似文献   

基于标记控制分水岭算法的树冠高程模型分割   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘峰杨志高  龚健雅 《中国农学通报》2011,27(19):49-54

树冠高程模型是树冠表面模型和数字高层模型的差值,是森林资源调查的重要数据源。笔者提出利用标记控制分水岭算法进行树冠高程模型分割的方法,首先用高斯滤波平滑树冠高程模型,对树冠边缘做初步检测,然后利用形态学重构方法进行树冠形状确认,在此基础上进行二值图像的距离变换和h-minima变换,并标记树冠顶部,最后对实验数据进行分水岭分割,实现单株木树冠边缘勾勒。误差分析表明,该方法能有效提高分割正确率,当结构元素和h-minima变换中的参数分别等于3、1.5时,树冠分割正确率为78.5%。  相似文献   

基于模板的生菜参数化几何建模方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

温维亮郭新宇  肖伯祥陆声链 杜建军 《中国农学通报》2011,27(6):459-463

为了对生菜进行快速三维重构,本文将逆向工程的思想引入到生菜几何建模中来,提出了一种基于参数模板的生菜几何建模方法。借助三维扫描设备构造具有多分辨率的生菜器官模板,分析生菜植株形态结构特征,提取特征参数,进而通过形态参数对模板进行控制,并最终组装成为参数化的生菜几何模型。实验结果表明,该方法可以快速、便捷地重构出具有较高真实感的生菜几何模型,对曲面难以构造的植物器官及植株几何建模具有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

氮磷钾施用水平与莴苣产量关系的拟合分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

飞兴文 《中国农学通报》2011,27(7):193-197

摘要：本研究采用“3414” 试验设计方案,研究了13种（不含空白）不同氮、磷、钾搭配施肥方案下,各处理组合莴苣植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收量,获得莴苣每形成1000 Kg生物产量,需从土壤吸收N 1.21-2.26 Kg,平均 1.88Kg;P2O5 0.57-0.81Kg,平均0.64Kg;K2O 2.97-5.09Kg,平均 3.92Kg,氮、磷、钾的吸收比例为3：1：6;采用拟合法分析了单纯施用一种营养、两种营养元素配合下,施肥与产量的关系,提出了莴苣“控氮磷增钾” 的施肥原则。从提高肥料利用率,减少肥料流失的角度对于减轻农业面源污染具有非常重要的意义。  相似文献