关联度分析在农业生态系统技术调控上的应用     

文化  张壬午 《华北农学报》1990,5(3):94-99

农业生态系统是个“灰箱”.我们运用模糊数学的关联度分析,尝试对这类灰色系统的投入进行技术调控,并取得了良好的效果.通过对农田子系统投入的化肥(尤其是N化肥)、粪肥和还田秸秆进行技术调控的实例证明;它可以作为能、物流分析的辅助手段,互相取长补短.通过关联序分析和关联系数分析,来调整系统的投入结构和投入技艺(时、空、量级及方式的选择).本文提出了应用关联度分析的基本程序和要领以及“贡献曲线”、“潜力曲线”等概念.  相似文献   

黄瓜低温弱光耐受性机理及其应用研究的主要进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王永健  张峰  许勇  陈青君  张海英 《中国蔬菜》2005,(Z1):7-12

选择低温弱光抗性水平不同的欧洲温室型、欧亚杂交型、华北温室型、华北露地型黄瓜(Cucumis sati- vus L.)的16个品种为试验材料,以光合代谢为切入点,开展苗期光合速率、光补偿点、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶 (rubisco)活性和叶绿素a荧光动力学曲线的系统研究,结果表明:单一偏低温和偏低温弱光协效应未明显伤害光合系统,而临界低温可能伤及PSⅡ;偏低温和弱光组合时,弱光对黄瓜幼苗的影响起主导作用,弱光与临界低温组合时,临界低温起主导作用;偏低温弱光(单一弱光)下的叶面积增长量和临界低温下的冷害指数可分别作为评价黄瓜对偏低温弱光(单一弱光)耐受性和临界低温耐受性的比较稳定可靠的指标,据此设计了相关的评价指标体系。用117个重组自交系为材料,以弱光下叶面积增长量为指标进行弱光耐受性评价并以RAPD、AFLP、SSR分子图谱为基础,通过区间作图,检测到5个与黄瓜弱光耐受性有关的QTLs。采用mRNA差异显示银染技术克隆得到黄瓜冷敏型品种津研4号低温锻炼中特异表达基因的cDNA克隆(ccr18),其大小为639 bp。在基因组中以单拷贝或低拷贝形式存在。序列同源性比较表明它与拟南芥[Arabidopsis thaliana(L．)Heynh．]染色体ⅣBAC库中的 F14P3基因组序列具有88％的同源性。  相似文献   

毛皮质量的营养调控     

赵国先  宋智娟  张晓云  李岁寒  张妍 《中国饲料》2005,(13):5-6

影响毛皮质量的因素很多,如品种、性别、年龄、生理状况、饲料营养、饲养管理、加工过程等。本文从饲料营养水平、添加剂的使用等角度论述营养与毛皮品质的关系。  相似文献   

Effects of relative humidity, light intensity and photoperiod on the colony development of Erysiphe sp. on Rhododendron     

D. M. Kenyon †  G. R. Dixon  S. Helfer 《Plant pathology》2002,51(1):103-108

Growth and reproduction by powdery mildew pathogens is generally inhibited by decreasing relative humidity. With Erysiphe sp. on Rhododendron cv. Elizabeth, the initial stages of colony development were adversely affected by reducing the relative humidity from 100% to 70 and 85%. No significant effects on secondary or tertiary hyphal development were detected. Light intensity and photoperiod both had considerable effect on the induced resistance response of the host. Over the initial 5 days of colonization there were no significant differences between any of the treatments. After 13 days, however, expansion of fungal colonies at 180 photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was limited solely to the area initially infested by primary hyphae. By comparison, in colonies grown at 80 PAR regardless of day length, secondary and tertiary hyphae had extended beyond the area first colonized. These effects resulted in differing morphologies, small colonies of densely packed hyphae formed at 180 PAR compared with open spreading colonies at 80 PAR.  相似文献   

Detection of airborne inoculum of Leptosphaeria maculans and Pyrenopeziza brassicae in oilseed rape crops by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

C. Calderon ‡  E. Ward  J. Freeman  S. J. Foster  H. A. McCartney † 《Plant pathology》2002,51(3):303-310

The potential use of DNA-based methods for detecting airborne inoculum of Leptosphaeria maculans and Pyrenopeziza brassicae , both damaging pathogens of oilseed rape, was investigated. A method for purifying DNA from spores collected using Hirst-type spore samplers and detecting it using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays is described. For both pathogens, the sensitivities of the DNA assays were similar for spore-trap samples and pure spore suspensions. As few as 10 spores of L. maculans or P. brassicae could be detected by PCR and spores of both species could be detected against a background of spores of six other species. The method successfully detected spores of P. brassicae collected using spore traps in oilseed rape crops that were infected with P. brassicae. Leptosphaeria maculans spores were detected using spore traps on open ground close to L. maculans -infected oilseed rape stems. The potential use of PCR detection of airborne inoculum in forecasting the diseases caused by these pathogens is discussed.  相似文献   

孔雀河流域绿洲生态支持系统调控模式研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王铁成  谢红彬  贾宝全 《干旱区资源与环境》2002,16(3):7-11

生态环境用水量的减少是孔雀河流域近 50年来现代绿洲环境退化的主要原因 ,维持生态与社会经济的合理用水比例是绿洲系统持续发展的前提。以此为基础 ,本文采用水资源承载力的方法探讨了绿洲生态支持子系统和社会经济子系统优化调控模式 ,最后就配置方案及发展模式的可行性进行了分析  相似文献   

Pest Management in Traditional Tropical Agroecosystems: Lessons for Pest Prevention Research and Extension   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Helda Morales 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2002,7(3):145-163

Based on current agroecological theory and IPM practices, this review explores the role of traditional practices, involving site selection, soil management, timing of planting and harvesting, crop resistance, intercropping, weed management, harvest residue management, post-harvest management, natural enemies management, mechanical control, repellents and traps in the natural regulation of potential pests. In synthesis, the literature suggests that although pest management professionals focus their efforts on pest control, the preventative approach taken by traditional farmers is more effective. Potential constraints to the implementation of this preventive pest management approach include:(1) lack of integration of ecological theory and pest management, (2) lack of cooperation among social and biological scientists, and (3) lack of real efforts to work with farmers as equals and support mechanisms that protect their knowledge. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的表达调控与研究展望   总被引：43，自引：0，他引：43  

程水源  陈昆松  刘卫红  杜何为 《果树学报》2003,20(5):351-357

苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanineammonia-lyase,PAL,EC4.3.1.5)是催化苯丙烷代谢途径第一步反应的酶,也是这个途径的关键酶,对植物有非常重要的生理意义。根据有关文献综述了植物PAL的分布与定位、酶学性质,总结了生长发育、钝化因子与调节因子、末端产物等内部因素及光、温、机械损伤与生长调节剂等外部因素对PAL的调控作用,得出外部因子是在转录水平上对酶活性实施调控的结论,并运用酶学和分子生物学方面的知识阐述了其调控机理。还着重阐述了PAL酶在果树上的研究现状与进展,并对其今后的研究及在果树上的应用进行了展望。  相似文献   

亚硫酸氢钠处理减轻低温对温州蜜柑光合作用的影响   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

郭延平  苏吉虎  王宏炜  沈允钢  张良诚 《园艺学报》2003,30(2):195-197

 低温胁迫使温州蜜柑叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、光系统Ⅱ的光化学效率(Fv/Fm)及光合电子传递速率(ETR)下降，反映跨膜质子动力势的叶绿素毫秒延迟发光(ms-DIE)减弱，叶片中的ATP含量降低。低温胁迫前，用NaHSO₃ 5 mmol/L涂于叶片表面，可使处理植株叶片的Pn和Fv/Fm分别少下降了11.5%和11.6%，ETR和ATP含量几乎没有下降，ms-DLE的下降幅度减少。可见，在柑橘上施用NaHSO₃能够减轻短期低温对光合机构及光合作用的影响。  相似文献   

动物胃肠微生态及其调控   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周勤飞  王永才 《家畜生态》2004,25(4):214-217

动物胃肠微生态是由胃肠道的微生物区系所组成的一个微生态系统，胃肠微生态在营养物质的消化、吸收和提高动物免疫力以及生产性能等方面起着重要的作用。本文介绍了动物胃肠微生态环境中微生物的组成胃肠微生态的调控，阐述了胃肠微生态环境中各种微生物之间、微生物与宿主之间的相互作用关系。  相似文献