Analysis of chromosome aberration due to ethidium bromide using AFM     

WU Yang-zhe  CAI Ji-ye 《园艺学报》2007,23(12):2451-2454

AIM: To study chromosome aberration due to ethidium bromide (EB),a heterocyclic organic compound and an organic fluorescence dye commonly used in biochemical experiment,and to help further understanding the molecular mechanism of tumor or cancer induced by EB and other heterocyclic organic compounds.METHODS: The toxicity action of EB was evaluated from three aspects including DNA,chromosome and embryo stem cells (ESCs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM),and thereinto,the morphology structural difference of ESCs treated with two EB doses was also valuated.RESULTS: The morphological structures of DNA,chromosome and ESCs were dramatically damaged.The average height of DNA decreased 0.5 nm;chromosomal arms were ruptured from centromere location;molecules of cellular membrane congregated and loop-like structure formed,and ES cell masses were collapsed and became dead after large EB doses treatment and mesh-like morphological structure was discernable.CONCLUSION: The toxicity action of EB is strong and destroys the surface structure of DNA and chromosome.EB induces structural aberration of ES cellular membrane and cell death.The results indicate that the action of EB is externalized at gene level and cell level,which is important to study the carcinogenicity of EB.  相似文献   

溴甲烷土壤消毒替代技术研究进展   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22       下载免费PDF全文

曹坳程  ;张文吉  ;刘建华 《植物保护》2007,33(1):15-20

概述了溴甲烷替代品的新进展。在土壤消毒方面,新的进展有化学替代品:氯化苦胶囊、氯化苦乳剂、氯化苦+噻唑磷混用、C₂N₂、氰铵化钙、异硫氰酸烯丙酯、异硫氰酸甲酯、1,3—二氯丙烯和氯化苦混剂、碘甲烷、环氧丙烷、叠氮化合物、硫酰氟等。在使用技术上,采用化学灌溉和注射施药技术进一步提高药剂分布的均匀性。在非化学替代技术上,生物熏蒸和有机质补充正受到重视。减少溴甲烷的技术正在快速地发展。  相似文献   

苯扎溴铵对几种淡水水生动物的急性毒性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余伟楠  陆宏达  朱磊  操艮萍 《广东农业科学》2014,41(15):111-115

采用静水生物毒性试验方法测试了苯扎溴铵对大型溞（Daphnia magna）,团头鲂（Megalobrama amblycephala）幼鱼、草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）幼鱼、田螺（Cipangopaludina cathayensis）、中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）芋期仔蟹和幼蟹的半致死浓度（LC50）及安全浓度（SC）。结果显示：大型溞的24、48、72、96h的LC50分别为0.56、0.34、0.19、0.13mg/L,团头鲂幼鱼的为1.53、1.44、1.38、1.31 mg/L,草鱼幼鱼的为4.59、4.42、4.36、4.23 mg/L,田螺的为15.21、10.52、7.76、5.01 mg/L,芋期仔蟹的为10.33、6.73、5.41、5.02 mg/L,幼蟹的为17.95、2.42、8.67、6.22 mg/L;SC分别为0.04、0.38、1.23、1.51、0.86、1.78 mg/L。根据SC高低,耐苯扎溴铵毒性能力依次为幼蟹＞田螺＞草鱼幼鱼＞Ⅲ期仔蟹＞团头鲂幼鱼＞大型溞。苯扎溴铵在防治固着类纤毛虫病泼洒浓度为0.35mg/L下时,不会对团头鲂幼鱼、草鱼幼鱼、田螺、Ⅲ期仔蟹和幼蟹产生毒性作用,而对大型溞会产生毒性杀死作用,池塘中可通过适量增加投饵量或投放其他饵料以补充减少的大型溞饵料生物数量。  相似文献   

茴香脑衍生物的合成工艺研究     

姜萍  李海玉  米伟 《林产化学与工业》2011,31(1):86-90

以茴香脑为原料经H2O:氧化合成茴香脑环氧化物2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-3-甲基环氧乙烷,产率91%,并研究了溶剂配比、物料配比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对产物产率的影响.实验结果表明:乙腈与甲醇体积比为1:5、茴香脑与H2O2的物质的量之比为1:2.5、原料与无水碳酸钠的物质的量之比为1:0.8、反应时间为...  相似文献   

Impact of soil fumigation practices on soil nematodes and microbial biomass   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

CAO Zhi-Ping  YU Yong-Li  CHEN Guo-Kang  R. DAWSON 《土壤圈》2004,14(3):387-393

This study was designed to understand the impact of methyl bromide (MB) (CHaBr) and its alternatives on both free-living and root-knot nematodes in the soil. A randomized complete block experiment with six treatments and 4 replicates (each replicate in a separate greenhouse) was established in Qingzhou, Shandong Province, China. In addition to MB and untreated control (CK) treatments there were four alternative soil fumigation practices including MB virtually impermeable films (VIF), metam sodium (MS), MS VIF and soil solarization combined with selected biological control agents (SS BCA). Two tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) cultivars, cv. Maofen-802 from the Xian Institute of Vegetable Science, China, and cv. AF179 Brillante from the Israeli Hazera Quality Seeds, were selected as test crops. The results indicated that Rhabditidae was the most dominant population with percentage abundance as high as 85% of the total number of identified free-living nematodes, followed by that of Cephalobidae. Methyl bromide and its alternatives except for the non-chemical SS BCA treatment controlled the target pest, root-knot nematodes. Also, the impact of the three chemical alternatives on free-living nematode number and functional group abundance was similar to the impact associated with a typical methyl bromide application. Chemical fumigation practices, especially that with MB, significantly reduced the number of nematodes in the soil and simultaneously significantly reduced the number of nematode genera thereby reducing nematode diversity. All the four soil chemical fumigation activities decreased soil microbial biomass and had an obvious initial impact on microorganism biomass. Furthermore, both plant-parasitic and fungivore nematodes were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass.  相似文献   

溴化十六烷基三甲铵存在时伏安法测定雌二醇含量     

易洪潮  吴康兵  胡胜水 《湖北农学院学报》2001,21(2):173-175

雌二醇在用裸玻碳电极进行伏安法测定时的电活性极低。但雌二醇在有阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵 (CTMAB)存在时 ,使用Nafion修饰的玻碳电极 ,则可于 0 .35V处有一灵敏的响应。据此 ,建立了雌二醇的线性扫描伏安测定法。适宜条件下 ,线性范围为1× 1 0 - 8mol/L8× 1 0 - 5 mol/L ,检测限为 5× 1 0 - 9mol/L。  相似文献   

The presence of high molecular weight aggregates in the protein bodies of developing endosperms of wheat and other cereals     

J.M. Field  P.R. Shewry  S.R. Burgess  J. Forde  S. Parmar  B.J. Miflin 《Journal of Cereal Science》1983,1(1):33-41

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The effect of metabolic stress disinfection and disinfestation (MSDD) on ‘Hass’ avocado fruit physiology and mortality of longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus)     

F. Zulhendri  L.E. JamiesonC.O. Perera  R.M. McDonaldP.G. Connolly  S.Y. QuekA.B. Woolf 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2012,64(1):138-145

Metabolic stress disinfection and disinfestation (MSDD) is a potential quarantine treatment in which a combination of cycles of rapid decompression and compression are followed by exposure to ethanol vapour under decompression. The response of ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill., cv. Hass) to MSDD treatment for control of longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus) was investigated. The best treatment for the most resistant life stage (2nd/3rd instars) was 90-min MSDD treatment with 371 mg L⁻¹ ethanol. Early and late season ‘Hass’ avocados were subjected to MSDD treatments (with 371 mg L⁻¹ ethanol), or in air (control). Following the treatments, early season fruit were ripened at 20 °C and 25 °C. Half of the late season fruit were ripened at either 20 °C or 25 °C, and the remainder were stored at 5.5 °C for 6 weeks, then ripened at 20 °C. There were no significant difference in quality and rot incidence between non-treated controls and MSDD-treated fruit. The main disorders found were stem-end and body rots, vascular browning and flesh greying for the stored fruit. There were also no significant differences in fruit respiration rate or ethylene production. Thus, MSDD was shown to be a potentially ‘soft’ disinfestation treatment for surface pests of avocado.  相似文献   

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对蛋白核小球藻的毒性效应     

郑香娇  周作明 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,38(1):27-31

以蛋白核小球藻为受试物,分别设0(CK)、0.06、0.12、0.18、0.24、0.30、0.36 mg/L十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)处理,考察CTAB对藻生长和生化指标的影响,分析其致毒机理。结果表明:CTAB对蛋白核小球藻96 h EC50值为0.17 mg/L;藻细胞叶绿素a、水溶性蛋白质含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随CTAB浓度增加呈先升后降趋势,当CTAB剂量≤0.06 mg/L时,叶绿素a含量略微上升,>0.06 mg/L时,叶绿素a含量急剧下降;CTAB剂量≤0.24 mg/L处理下蛋白质含量增加,CTAB剂量≥0.30 mg/L处理时水溶性蛋白含量低于对照组;除剂量≤0.06 mg/L处理外,SOD活性随CTAB剂量的增大呈下降趋势;脂质过氧化丙二醛(MDA)含量则随CTAB浓度增加逐渐上升;CTAB对蛋白核小球藻的致毒机理为通过破坏细胞膜完整性,抑制SOD活性,导致MDA含量持续上升。  相似文献   

Removal Efficiency and Influence Factors of Bromide in Water by MIEX     

CHEN Wei  CAO Zhe  LIU Cheng  WANG Man 《保鲜与加工》2012,(3):133-137

Jar tests were used to study the removal efficiency and influence factors caused by common anions and organic compounds of bromide in water by a new magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX). The results show that MIEX can remove bromide in pure water effectively. The removal rates of bromide by MIEX are all over 90% when the equilibrium time of ion exchange reaction between MIEX and bromide is 5 min and 3 min and the dosage is 10 mL/L and 20 mL/L, respectively. Even containing other common negatively charged matter which has inhibitory effect to some extent, the removal rates reach 50%. Anionic content and the selectivity of MIEX are the main influence factors to reduce bromide in water by MIEX. The existence of organic compounds decreases the removal rate of bromide in water by MIEX, which is approximately 70%. There are differences between anions and organic compounds in removal processes by MIEX. The equilibrium time of ion exchange reaction removing anions is about 5 min, while it takes over 20 min to remove organic compounds measured with UV 254 and DOC, respectively by MIEX with the dosage of 10 mL/L.  相似文献