Chemical Soil Fumigation for Strawberry Nursery in Jalisco (Mexico): 2013–2014 Results of Semarnat/Unido Project     

José M. López-Aranda  Francisco Gómez  Martín Puga  Ricardo Zamora  Marco A. Cotero 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(4):16-27

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the effectiveness of alternative fumigants on weed control and plant productivity in two nurseries located at high elevation and low latitude (Ciudad Guzman, Jalisco), during 2013 and 2014 at Driscoll’s and Lassen Canyon South nurseries. Treatments were: MB:chloropicrin (MB:CP); 1,3-dichloropropene:CP; CP alone; metam sodium (MS) alone; dimethyl disulphide (DMDS):CP; and sequentially applied CP and MS. A rotary spading machine was used for MS and CP followed by MS. All treatments produced similar pest suppression and runner-plant yields during 2013 and 2014. However, CP alone showed very poor control of the most abundant weed (barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli). Two years of work on MB alternatives were not sufficient to provide reliable recommendations on this critical need, therefore, the Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee recommended critical use nomination for MB in 2015.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Four Commercial Composts on Strawberry Plant Productivity and Soil Characteristics in California     

Margaret Lloyd  Daniel Kluepfel  Thomas Gordon 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(4):84-107

ABSTRACT

Composts can have beneficial effects on strawberry production and these benefits can be dependent on the type of compost used. Four commercial composts were evaluated: cow manure, spent mushroom, yard trimmings, and vermicompost. The nutrient composition, abundance of fungi and bacteria, and microbial activity were determined. Five field trials assessed effects on plant growth, root development, soil microbial activity, nutrient availability, and yield during one growing season. Manure and mushroom compost significantly increased soil electrical conductivity levels to 9.9 ± 1.7 dS/m and 7.3 ± 0.8 dS/m, respectively. Manure, yard trimmings, and mushroom composts shifted soil pH toward optimal levels for up to 7 months. Mushroom compost had the greatest effect on soil nitrate, which was up to 32 mg/kg of soil higher than non-amended soil. Significant effects on yield were more likely to occur where environmental conditions and management practices were less than optimal or compost was not routinely added. Several factors important to plant production were significantly affected by compost: soil salinity, plant establishment, soil nitrate, production curves, soil microbial activity, and soil pH.  相似文献   

Effect of phenyl,allyl, and methyl isothiocyanate on Cyperus rotundus tubers under LDPE and VIF mulch     

《Crop Protection》2016

Cyperus rotundus (Purple nutsedge) is the most troublesome weed of vegetable crops in the US and a major limitation to the adoption of methyl bromide alternatives due to their ineffectiveness on this weed. Thus, other effective alternatives are needed. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effect of phenyl, allyl, and methyl isothiocyanate (ITC) at two concentrations (1000 and 3000 nmol g⁻¹ in dry soil) on C. rotundus tubers under low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulch. ITC treated soil containing C. rotundus tubers was filled in glass jars and covered with LDPE or VIF mulch for 21 days, followed by nutsedge tuber viability evaluations. Efficacy of all three ITCs increased with increase in concentration from 1000 to 3000 nmol g⁻¹. All ITCs significantly reduced tuber viability, tuber dry weight, and shoot emergence, but methyl ITC was most effective followed by allyl ITC followed by phenyl ITC. Mulch type did not affect efficacy of allyl and methyl ITC, but phenyl ITC efficacy against C. rotundus was improved by using VIF mulch over LDPE mulch. Overall, methyl ITC at 3000 nmol g⁻¹ was the most efficacious control option among three ITC tested regardless of mulch type.  相似文献   

用溴甲烷熏蒸松材线虫病木处理技术的研究^*   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

王玉嬿  宋玉双  臧秀强  刘阳  葛明宏  赵菊林 《林业科学研究》1994,7(6):671-676

用溴甲烷熏蒸松材线虫病木是目前生产上主要的检疫处理方法，本文对影响熏蒸处理效果的单因素分析表明：低温降低了熏蒸效果；增加投药量可提高效果；熏蒸时间以７２ｈ为宜；病木含水率高，熏蒸效果差；堆垛上、中下部的效果依次增高；堆垛的大小则以５０－７０ｍ＾３为宜；病木小头直径为６．０－１７．１ｃｍ之间对熏蒸效果无显著影响，影响处理效果的多因素综合分析表明：影响熏蒸效果的顺序的温、投药量、熏蒸时间。在一定温度条  相似文献   

POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER ON A SINGLE TUBE JACKETED WITH PTRB IN LITHIUM BROMIDE WATER SOLUTION UNDER A VACUUM     

Ouyang Degong Hou Manci 《保鲜与加工》1989,(1):51-57

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Transient neuromyopathy after bromide intoxication in a dog with idiopathic epilepsy     

Sonja Steinmetz  Andrea Tipold  Thomas Bilzer  Henning Christian Schenk 《Irish veterinary journal》2012,65(1):19

A seven-year old Australian Shepherd, suffering from idiopathic epilepsy under treatment with phenobarbitone and potassium bromide, was presented with generalised lower motor neuron signs. Electrophysiology and muscle-nerve biopsies revealed a neuromyopathy.The serum bromide concentration was increased more than two-fold above the upper reference value.Clinical signs disappeared after applying diuretics and reducing the potassium bromide dose rate. This is the first case report describing electrophysiological and histopathological findings associated with bromide induced lower motor neuron dysfunction in a dog.  相似文献   

利用季铵盐有机改性铝污泥絮凝除藻试验          下载免费PDF全文

赵晓红  潘颖  韩柳  韦杰文  袁春博 《水生态学杂志》2021,42(1):116-122

选择具有良好吸附沉降性能的给水厂副产物铝污泥作为下沉载体替代粘土,探究季铵盐十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对铝污泥的吸附改性,并将其用于常见淡水小球藻(Chlorella)的絮凝去除试验。结果显示:(1)经600℃焙烧后的铝污泥对浓度为36.4 mg/L的CTAB改性溶液吸附能力最强,10 min内即可达到吸附平衡,吸附容量为9.19 mg/g;(2)当改性铝污泥中原始用量为3.0 g/L时,24 h后对藻密度和浊度的去除率可分别达到80.25%和80.05%;(3)改性剂CTAB不会影响铝污泥对磷酸盐的吸附性能,改性前后的铝污泥对磷的最大吸附率分别为90.91%和90.77%,且都在2 h左右达到吸附平衡。研究表明,有机改性铝污泥可初步形成一个除藻抑藻体系,可为藻类的去除和铝污泥的资源化利用提供理论依据及技术支持。  相似文献   

Mydriatic effect of topically applied rocuronium bromide in tawny owls (Strix aluco): comparison between two protocols     

Giovanni Barsotti  Angela Briganti  Johanna Roselinde Spratte  Renato Ceccherelli  Gloria Breghi 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(Z1):9-13

Objective To evaluate the mydriatic efficacy of a neuromuscular blocking agent (rocuronium bromide) applied topically to only one eye of nocturnal birds of prey and to assess for any general and/or local adverse effects due to its use. Animal studied Twelve healthy adult tawny owls (Strix aluco) were randomly divided in two groups. Procedures Six birds (Group 1) received a single dose of 0.35 mg of rocuronium bromide. The second group of subjects (Group 2) received two doses of 0.35 mg of rocuronium bromide (total 0.70 mg/eye). In both groups, the curariform agent was instilled topically. Pupil diameter was measured with a pupillary gauge in 10 min intervals for a total of 100 min and then every 20 min for a total of 240 min. The assessment of the pupillary light reflex was performed using a standard light source during pupillary size recording. Results Maximal pupillary diameter was 11.5 ± 0.3 mm for Group 1 and 11.0 ± 0.6 mm for Group 2 and no statistically significant differences were detected among the two groups. The maximal pupillary diameter was achieved at T80 for Group 1, and at T60 for Group 2. A complete fundus examination was possible on all treated eyes of subjects of both groups. The drug did not cause any noticeable adverse effects in any of the examined birds. Conclusion Results of the present study suggest that a single topical administration of 0.35 mg of rocuronium bromide to the eyes of healthy tawny owls results in sufficient mydriasis to allow for a complete examination of the fundus.  相似文献   

Determination of methyl bromide residues in stored foods using automated headspace gas chromatography     

Kevin N. T. Norman  Keith A. Scudamore  Wendy A. Matthews  Michael F. Wilson 《Pest management science》1995,44(4):309-316

An automated gas chromatographic headspace method capable of detecting methyl bromide (MB) down to 0.01 mg kg^?1 has been developed and evaluated. The method is suitable for analysing cereals, nuts, seeds and dried fruit. Commodities are extracted with solvent and MB present is derivatised to methyl iodide (MI) which is determined by automated headspace gas chromatography. Results from the method described are compared with those using an established solvent extraction method and show good quantitative agreement. The analytical conditions recommended are likely to be suitable for examination of other commodities for MB residues.  相似文献   

The effects of flubendazole and mebendazole on cytochromes P4501A in pheasant hepatocytes     

Savlík M  Polásková P  Szotáková B  Lamka J  Skálová L 《Research in veterinary science》2005,79(2):139-147

Many benzimidazoles are known inducers of cytochromes P4501A (CYP1A) in laboratory animals and cell lines. As flubendazole and mebendazole are benzimidazole anthelmintics often used in a pheasant, in the present study an effect of these drugs in primary cultures of pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) hepatocytes was investigated. After 48 h incubation of the hepatocytes with the benzimidazoles (0.2-5 microM), CYP1A activities -- ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) and methoxyresorufin O-demethylation (MROD) activities were measured and the CYP1A protein levels were determined by Western blotting. None of the tested benzimidazoles influenced the CYP1A protein content. No pharmacologically significant enhancement of CYP1A after exposure of the hepatocytes to flubendazole and mebendazole was found. Inhibition of the EROD/MROD activities caused by both tested substances was observed only at the highest concentration (5 microM). From a point of view of CYP1A induction or inhibition, the treatment of pheasants by both anthelmintics tested seems to be safe. Our study demonstrates the inter-species differences in CYP1A inducibility and the importance of induction/inhibition studies on target animals.  相似文献