Menthol and 1,8‐cineole as new anaesthetics in common carp,Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758)          下载免费PDF全文

Mohammad Mazandarani  Seyyed Morteza Hoseini 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(6):3041-3051

This study describes anaesthetic efficacy of menthol and 1,8‐cineole in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, in comparison with eugenol. Common carp fingerlings were exposed to eugenol: 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 ppm; menthol: 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 ppm; 1,8‐cineole: 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 ppm. Induction time and recovery time were recorded. Results showed that menthol and 1,8‐cineole anesthetized the fish at higher concentrations compared to eugenol. The fish exposed to menthol showed common fish behavioural responses to anaesthesia, similar to eugenol. But, 1,8‐cineole‐exposed fish showed tail‐up swimming, which was not observed before. Also, 1,8‐cineole failed to completely cease muscle tone. Exposure to 200 ppm eugenol and 600 ppm menthol resulted in 40% and 20% mortality, respectively. Induction time was exponentially dependent on anesthetic concentrations. Recovery time was linearly correlated to eugenol and menthol, but not 1,8‐cineole concentrations. Recovery time was exponentially dependent on induction time in the fish anesthetized with eugenol and menthol, but not 1,8‐cineole. Menthol and 1,8‐cineole are recommended for carp anaesthesia. Menthol is capable to anesthetize common carp within 1–3 min at 118–512 ppm. Common carp anesthetized with 108–133 ppm menthol recovers within 5 min. 1,8‐cineole failed to anesthetize common carp within less than 150 s at 300–800 ppm concentrations. However, it anesthetizes carp within 3 min at 595 ppm concentration. Also, 1,8‐cineole is not recommended for fish surgery. Both menthol and 1,8‐cineole were less efficacious than eugenol.  相似文献   

Optimal Level of Iron and Zinc in Relation to Its Influence on Herb Yield and Production of Essential Oil in Menthol Mint     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5-6):561-578

Abstract

A pot experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions during 2004 at the Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) in Lucknow. The study presented here was aimed at evaluating the response of Mentha arvensis (cv. Kushal), an essential oil–bearing plant, to different concentrations of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) supply with respect to their influence on biomass, oil yield, and oil quality. Suckers of Japanese mint were grown with four graded levels each of Fe and Zn (viz. 0, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0 mg Fe kg^?1 and 0, 2.5, 5.0, 15.0 mg Zn kg^?1) and a combination of both the elements. The results indicated that the fresh weight, oil content, and chlorophyll content increased significantly with increase in Fe supply; the optimum level was recorded as 10 mg Fe kg^?1. Iron uptake increased significantly with increases in its supply. Zinc, when applied singly, showed enhancement in growth parameters, but the effects were nonsignificant. The optimal levels of supply for Zn and Fe in M. arvensis was evaluated to be 5 mg Zn kg^?1 and 10 mg Fe kg^?1, respectively.  相似文献   

Influence of different dates of planting on growth,herb, oil yield and quality of essential oil of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) in the North Indian Plain     

Rajesh K. Chauhan  Mohammed Anwar  Sukhmal Chand  Dharani D. Patra 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):223-232

A field experiment was conducted for two years (2007–2008 and 2008–2009) to study the effect of different dates of planting for three menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) cultivars (Saksham, Kushal and Kosi; developed by Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India) on herb yield, oil yield and oil quality. All the cultivars produced higher herb and oil yields when planted on 18 February, compared with cultivars planted on other dates in both years. Average herb yield for Saksham increased by 12.89, 30.66, 54.01 and 85.71%, average herb yield for Kushal increased by 15.09, 30.57, 71.69 and 104.91%, and average herb yield for Kosi increased by 32.48, 53.28, 87.23 and 109.49% when planted on 4 January, 19 January, 3 February and 18 February, respectively, over cultivars planted on 20 December. Among the cultivars, Kosi produced a higher herb yield than Saksham and Kushal planted on 18 February. Saksham, Kushal and Kosi produced ～89.39, 152.04 and 170.22% higher oil yield, when planted on 18 February over their respective planting date of 20 December. Maximum menthol content was recorded in cultivar Saksham when planted on 18 February and in Kushal and Kosi when planted on 4 March.  相似文献   

Influence of temperature and size on menthol anaesthesia in Chinese grass shrimp Palaemonetes sinensis (Sollaud, 1911)          下载免费PDF全文

Yingdong Li  Shudong Liang  Qiuxin She  Zhibin Han  Yi Li  Xiaodong Li 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(6):2091-2098

Chinese grass shrimp, Palaemonetes sinensis (Sollaud, 1911), is an economically important freshwater shrimp in China and adjacent areas. It is advisable to use anaesthesia in this species for certain handling and shipping operations; however, there have been no investigations into the recommended dosages. Here, the influence of five menthol concentrations (varying from 100 to 500 mg/L) on three different size classes of P. sinensis were examined at 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28°C. Induction and recovery times for each shrimp were recorded, and effects of temperature, size and menthol dose on induction and recovery times were observed. Results showed that menthol dose, water temperature and shrimp size significantly influence anaesthesia in P. sinensis. Induction time decreased linearly with increasing water temperature and concentration of menthol, and increased with body weight. However, recovery times lengthened with concentration and temperature, and became shorter with body weight. Average body weight of the shrimps generally decreased after anaesthesia. Mortality of shrimps was correlated with temperature, dose and size. These results suggest that menthol is an effective rapid anaesthetic for P. sinensis, but there may be some disadvantages, including slow recovery and possible mortality for small shrimps and at higher temperatures and dosages.  相似文献