Mineralisation of atrazine, metolachlor and their respective metabolites in vegetated filter strip and cultivated soil     

Krutz LJ  Gentry TJ  Senseman SA  Pepper IL  Tierney DP 《Pest management science》2006,62(6):505-514

In vegetated filter strips (VFS) the presence of perennial vegetation, rhizodeposition of labile organic substrates and the accumulation of an organic residue thatch layer may enhance microbial numbers and activity, thereby increasing the potential for mineralisation of herbicides and herbicide metabolites retained during run-off events. The objective of this laboratory experiment was to compare the mineralisation of atrazine and metolachlor with that of their respective metabolites in VFS and cultivated soil. With the exception of total bacteria, propagule density of the microbial groups, endogenous soil enzymes and microbial diversity were higher in the VFS soil. This correlated with increased mineralisation of metolachlor and its metabolites in the VFS soil and indicates potential for VFS to curtail the subsequent transport of these compounds. In contrast, the mineralisation of atrazine and the majority of its metabolites was substantially reduced in VFS soil relative to cultivated soil. Consequently, the potential for subsequent transport of atrazine and many of its metabolites may be greater in VFS soil than in cultivated soil if reduced mineralisation is not offset by increased sorption in the VFS.  相似文献   

恩诺沙星及其代谢产物在奶山羊的药动学及乳中药物浓度   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘涤洁  冯淇辉  陈杖榴 《中国兽医杂志》2003,39(2):41-44

本试验研究单剂量静脉注射、肌肉注射和乳房灌注恩诺沙星（2.5mg/kg)在健康奶山羊的药动学及乳中药物浓度。采用HPLC法测定血浆和乳中恩诺沙星及其代谢产物环丙沙星的浓度，用统计矩原理处理血浆中药物浓度－时间数据，计算非房室模型的药动学参数。静脉注射、肌肉注射和乳房灌注恩诺沙星的t1/2β分别为1.32、1．55、0．99h;AUC为1．06、3．04、2．66mghL^-1；恩诺沙星的代谢分数为35．01％、44．06％、45．73％；环丙沙星的t1/2β为1．81、2．94、2．32h。乳中的药物浓度高于同期血中药物浓度，且乳中环丙沙星浓度高于恩诺沙星浓度并维持更长的时间。  相似文献   

草食动物与植物之间协同进化研究     

李婷婷  周立山  刘丙万 《野生动物》2010,31(3):157-160

草食动物与植物之间存在协同进化关系。在环境的选择压力下,一方面植物为了逃避各类草食动物的采食而形成防御性的形态结构以及生理生态适应机制;另一方面,动物为了尽可能多地获得食物和满足营养需求,通过优化采食以提高其适合度。草食动物与植物之间的协同进化实际上也是自然界适者生存的＂军备竞赛＂,因而对物种进化产生重要影响。本文综述了草食动物与植物之间协同进化关系的研究进展,分析了协同进化的原因,并探讨其生态学意义。  相似文献   

The profile of urinary lipid metabolites in healthy dogs     

Taiki KIDA  Arisa YAMAZAKI  Koji KOBAYASHI  Tatsuro NAKAMURA  Takayuki NAKAGAWA  Ryohei NISHIMURA  Takahisa MURATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(5):644

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are converted to hundreds of lipid mediators by cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP), or through non-enzymatic processes, and they reflect inflammatory states of the body. We comprehensively analyzed lipid metabolites in dog urine using a liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to describe their metabolic characteristics. We detected 31 AA-derived metabolites, four EPA-derived metabolites, and a DHA-derived metabolite in all urine samples. Among AA-derived metabolites, 15, 5, 3, and 8 were generated by COX, LOX, CYP, and non-enzymatic oxidation respectively. This study will be the first step to use profiles of urinary lipid metabolites for better understanding and diagnosis of canine diseases.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratio on nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of Hanwoo heifers          下载免费PDF全文

Dong Hyeon Kim  Hyuk Jun Lee  Sardar M. Amanullah  Adegbola T. Adesogan  Sam Churl Kim 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(1):46-53

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid (FA) ratio on digestibility, blood metabolites and FA profile of Hanwoo heifers. Fifteen Hanwoo heifers (22 ± 3 months old; 357 ± 69.7 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios of 2.07, 5.18 and 7.37. The animals were housed individually in digestion crates and fed total mixed rations at 2.2% of body weight for 2 weeks of adaptation and 1 week of collection. Treatment effects on in vivo digestibility, plasma metabolite and fatty acid profiles, and in vitro ruminal fermentation and fatty acid profiles were examined. In vivo digestibility was not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary n‐6/n‐3 FA ratio. However, in vitro dry matter digestibility and concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and propionate decreased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing n‐6/n‐3 FA ratio. Plasma insulin and progesterone increased linearly (P < 0.05), but linolenic acid and total n‐3 FA decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing n‐6/n‐3 ratio. Increasing the dietary n‐6/n‐3 FA ratio can increase the n‐6/n‐3 FA ratio in plasma and ruminal fluid as well as plasma progesterone secretion.  相似文献   

Metabolite profiling reveals the involvement of aberrant metabolic changes in Gentiana triflora seed showing poor germination     

H. Takahashi  K. Fujita  C. Yoshida  M. Nishihara 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(2):148-155

Gentians are alpine plants and two endemic species, Gentiana triflora and G. scabra, are cultivated as ornamentals in Japan. Because most of the Japanese cultivars are F₁ hybrids, seed germination rate is an important factor for maintaining these cultivars. However, germination rates frequently differ among cultivars. Poor germination is a severe problem for gentian production, although there is almost no difference in their germination period and growth rate. In this study, we compared seed germination rates among three cultivars of G. triflora. A high rate of seed germination was observed in ‘Majel’ (MJ) and ‘Iwate’ (IW), but a low rate was recorded in ‘Iwate-Yumeminori’ (YM). We conducted a targeted metabolome analysis using these cultivars to elucidate the potential cause of inhibited seed germination. Multivariate analysis revealed that the aberrant accumulation of specific amino acids and a decrease in energy metabolites were observed in YM seed. Furthermore, protein concentrations and proteolytic activities in YM seed were lower than in MJ seed. These results imply that energy depletion was the main reason for the decreased rate of germination and that this depletion inhibited processes involved in seed germination, including de novo synthesis of the proteins necessary for germination.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetic profiles of metamizole (dipyrone) active metabolites in goats and its residues in milk          下载免费PDF全文

Tae Won Kim  Andrejs Sitovs  Amnart Poapolathep  Helen Owen  Andrzej Lisowski  Zulkyya Abilova  Mario Giorgi 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(5):699-705

Metamizole (dipyrone, MET) is a nonopioid analgesic drug commonly used in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to assess two major active metabolites of MET, 4‐methylaminoantipyrin (MAA) and 4‐aminoantipyrin (AA), in goat plasma after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration. In addition, metabolite concentration in milk was monitored after IM injection. Six healthy female goats received MET at a dose of 25 mg/kg by IV and IM routes in a crossover design study. The blood and milk samples were analyzed using HPLC coupled with ultraviolet detector and the plasma vs concentration curves analyzed by a noncompartmental model. In the goat, the MET rapidly converted into MAA and the mean maximum concentration was 183.97 μg/ml (at 0.08 hr) and 51.94 μg/ml (at 0.70 hr) after IV and IM administration, respectively. The area under the curve and mean residual time values were higher in the IM than the IV administered goats. The average concentration of AA was lower than MAA in both groups. Over 1 μg/ml of MAA was found in the milk (at 48 hr) after MET IM administration. In conclusion, IM is considered to be a better administration route in terms of its complete absorption with long persistence in the plasma. However, this therapeutic option should be considered in light of the likelihood of there being milk residue.  相似文献   

青钱柳叶片次生代谢产物含量分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金则新  李钧敏  丁军敏 《福建林业科技》2007,34(3):6-9

对5个样地青钱柳叶片的鞣质、生物碱、总黄酮、游离蒽醌、绿原酸、皂甙、总酚等7种次生代谢产物的含量进行了测定和分析。研究表明:①青钱柳叶片中总次生代谢产物的含量在各个样地存在一定的差异,其中天台县华顶山的总次生代谢产物含量最高,其它样地相对较低,其高低顺序为华顶山>钱江源>四明山>庐山>大盘山。②相同成分在不同的样地也有差异,青钱柳叶片鞣质含量最高的样地是庐山,生物碱、总黄酮、游离蒽醌、皂甙含量最高的样地是钱江源,绿原酸、总酚以华顶山样地最高。③不同样地叶片中各次生代谢产物含量的相关性不高。④系统聚类分析显示,5个样地可聚为2类,华顶山、四明山、庐山聚成一类,钱江源、大盘山聚成另一类。  相似文献   

荷斯坦牛高、低乳脂率牛乳代谢组分析     

王影  文亮  母童  冯小芳  刘佳敏  张娟  温万  顾亚玲 《畜牧兽医学报》2022,53(5):1396-1408

旨在筛选牛乳不同乳脂水平潜在标志性差异代谢物。本研究中乳样采自宁夏农垦贺兰山奶业茂盛牧场,采集体重与月龄相近且健康的头胎次荷斯坦牛泌乳中后期(180~210 d)的早、中、晚班次新鲜乳样(4∶3∶3混合)245份。DHI测定后筛选体细胞数低于20万个·mL^-1,乳脂率具有极端差异的样品26份,其中乳脂率大于4.4%为高乳脂率组(HF组,13份),乳脂率小于3.0%为低乳脂率组(LF组,13份)。之后采用超高效液相色谱-质谱法(UHPLC-MS)对样品进行代谢组学分析。偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)结果显示,相对于LF组,HF组代谢轮廓发生了变化,在HF与LF两组中共鉴定出343种代谢产物,根据VIP值(VIP>1)和单变量统计分析(P<0.05),正、负离子模式下共筛选出60种显著差异代谢物(P<0.05);其中依据P<0.5且FC>2.0及P<0.5且FC<0.5,HF组奶样中15种代谢物含量高于LF组,6种代谢物含量低于LF组;进一步通过ROC曲线下面积AUC>0.85,发现有18种差异代谢物对两组牛乳具有显著区别能力,即：N-油酰甘氨酸、皮质醇、δ-生育酚、PC(14∶0e/9∶0)。结果发现,不同乳脂水平显著差异代谢物有60种,且代谢物N-油酰甘氨酸、皮质醇、δ-生育酚、PC(14∶0e/9∶0)可作为高乳脂率牛乳潜在标志性差异代谢物。本研究结果为奶牛乳脂合成提供了有价值的理论依据,同时也为研究奶牛的泌乳过程提供了资料。  相似文献   

生防菌BH-2发酵液中活性代谢产物的抑菌作用及理化性质     

梁建根  竺利红  吴吉安  桑金隆  姚杭丽  施跃峰 《中国农学通报》2007,23(9):327-330

为了明确生防菌BH-2的抑菌作用和抑菌因子的相关性质,采用管碟法,对其发酵液中活性代谢产物的抑菌作用及理化性质进行了研究。结果表明,发酵液中活性代谢产物具有较广的抗菌谱,对多种植物病原菌均表现较好的抑制作用。此外,活性代谢产物耐121℃高温,在偏酸性或中性条件下稳定,有较强的抗紫外线照射能力,对蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶稳定性较好,54℃下15d的稳定性较好。这为该菌株的进一步研究和产品开发奠定了坚实的基础。  相似文献