微囊化技术研究进展及其在农药领域的应用   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

李北兴  张大侠  张灿光  管磊  王凯  刘峰 《农药学学报》2014,16(5):483-496

综述了近年来常用的微囊化技术(喷雾干燥法、溶剂蒸发法、界面聚合法、原位聚合法、相分离法和自组装法)的研究进展及应用现状,并介绍了微流体及配位法两种微囊化新技术。结合国内农药微囊制剂的登记情况,提出应依据微囊化的目的开发相应的农药微囊产品,如掩蔽气味、抗光解、减少淋溶和飘移等,并应结合药剂的理化特性、防治对象、用药环境、施药方式、实践需要和最终的防治效果等综合因素,决定该农药是否适宜开发成微囊产品,并选择适宜的壁材、微囊化技术及剂型。指出种子处理剂微囊、果蔬保鲜剂微囊、植物精油微囊、昆虫性信息素微囊及土壤处理剂微囊是目前亟待拓展的微囊化研究方向,此外,芯材在不同环境中的释放动态、因缓释导致的农药残留问题及壁材的降解等也值得研究者关注。总之,研究开发安全、可降解的囊壁材料,探索高工效和真正具有控释效果的微囊化技术具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Efficacy of crystalline methionine and microencapsulation methionine in diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei     

Jingping Guo  Wanyou Zhou  Shasha Liu  Wenbing Zhang  Kangsen Mai 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(10):4206-4214

An 8‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of crystalline methionine (C‐Met) or microencapsulated methionine (M‐Met) in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. A high fishmeal reference diet was formulated with 15% fishmeal, and then, soybean meal (SBM) was used to replace 50% fishmeal as a low fishmeal basal diet (7.5% fishmeal). Graded levels (0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2%) of methionine originating from C‐Met or M‐Met were added to the basal diet. Each diet was randomly assigned to three tanks (40 shrimps per tank) in an indoor flow through seawater system. The results showed that the shrimp fed the basal diet with 0.15% or 0.20% methionine originating from 0.375% or 0.5% M‐Met had significantly higher final weight and weight gain as compared to shrimp fed the basal diet. The supplementation M‐Met in the basal diets resulted in increased serum ammonia in shrimp. Hepatopancreas amylase activity of shrimp showed a decreasing trend with increasing methionine supplementation, which is in contrast with the upswing trend in trypsin at pancreatic segment. This study indicated that the diets supplemented with 0.15% or 0.20% of methionine from M‐Met (0.58% or 0.65% of dietary methionine respectively) were effective in improving the nutritional value of SBM‐based diets deficient in methionine (0.48%) for the Pacific white shrimp.  相似文献   

益生菌微胶囊包埋方式的研究进展     

杨畅  冯志宽  李洪亮  吴秀英  李树森 《农产品加工．学刊》2020,(5):82-84

益生菌可以改善人体肠道菌群、提升肠道健康水平,但经过胃酸和胆汁的作用后,进入肠道活性降低,无法发挥其作用。通过不同壁材制备的微胶囊对益生菌进行包埋,可对益生菌起到较好的保护作用。综述不同的包埋壁材形成的单层、双层和三层结构的特点,总结不同包埋结构的优缺点,并从包埋原料、设备和工艺3个方面对未来益生菌的微胶囊包埋进行了展望。  相似文献   

山茶油微胶囊的复合凝聚制备工艺参数及其热氧稳定性研究     

康彬彬  张金梁  王祥  张玲艳  林河通  陈团伟 《热带作物学报》2020,41(9):1889-1889

以明胶和阿拉伯胶为壁材,茶多酚为固化剂,采用复合凝聚法制备山茶油微胶囊。通过单因素和正交试验考察壁材比、pH、壁材浓度、凝聚时间、芯壁比等复合凝聚条件对山茶油微胶囊包埋率和微观形态的影响,确定山茶油微胶囊复合凝聚的最佳制备工艺,并对微胶囊化前后的山茶油氧化稳定性进行分析比较。结果表明：山茶油微胶囊的最佳复合凝聚制备工艺参数为壁材比1∶1 （W/W）、pH 4.2、壁材浓度1.0%、凝聚时间30 min、芯壁比3∶2 （W/W）,在此最佳条件下制备的山茶油微胶囊产品呈浅棕色粉末状,平均包埋率达82.36%,休止角39.2°,含水率3.67%。热稳定温度280 ℃,具有良好的流动性和热稳定性。同时,加速氧化贮藏试验表明微胶囊化显著提高了山茶油的氧化稳定性。  相似文献   

益生菌微胶囊化对仔猪生长性能及免疫功能的影响     

刘耀东  贾荣玲  王国强 《中国饲料》2021,(3):55-59,63

目前,利用微胶囊包埋保护益生菌已成为研究热点。本试验采用挤压法,选择不同种类的壁材进行复配,通过对益生菌的微胶囊化,来保护其免受外界不利环境影响。结果表明:制备益生菌微胶囊的最佳工艺为海藻酸钠3%,明胶0.2%,氯化钙2%,搅拌速度800 r/min。将益生菌微胶囊添加到日粮中可以提高仔猪生产性能和免疫力,并且添加量为0.3%时效果最好。  相似文献   

Temporal synergism by microencapsulation of piperonyl butoxide and alpha-cypermethrin overcomes insecticide resistance in crop pests     

Bingham G  Gunning RV  Gorman K  Field LM  Moores GD 《Pest management science》2007,63(3):276-281

A microencapsulated formulation that gives a burst release of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) several hours before a burst release of a conventional pyrethroid can effectively overcome metabolic resistance in Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae Sulzer. This increase in efficacy against resistant pests was reflected in a field trial against B. tabaci on cotton, eliminating the need for two treatments. The ratio between the active insecticide and the synergist was found to be crucial in reducing resistance factors.  相似文献   

离心喷雾法制备橡胶籽油ω-3脂肪酸微胶囊的工艺研究     

黄克昌  何美莹 《热带农业科技》2012,(4):1-4,13

采用尿素包合法富集的橡胶籽油ω-3脂肪酸易氧化劣变,为防止产生氧化劣变,以单甘酯:蔗糖酯=1:5为乳化剂,大豆分离蛋白质、酪朊酸钠、麦芽糊精混合物为壁材,采用离心喷雾法制备橡胶籽油ω-3脂肪酸微胶囊,最佳工艺条件为:大豆分离蛋白质、酪朊酸钠和麦芽糊精之比为1:1:1.5,固形物浓度为20%(W/V)的溶液,进料速度20 mL/min,进风温度为160℃,出风温度为80℃。该工艺条件下制备的微胶囊ω-3脂肪酸包埋率达到93.8%,抗氧化性提高4.9倍。  相似文献   

益生肠球菌应用于断奶仔猪的研究进展     

王婷婷  綦文涛  易建明  张晓琳  郝淑红  李爱科 《家畜生态》2009,(1)

仔猪早期断奶腹泻是困扰养猪业的严重问题,随着饲用抗生素作为饲料添加剂的禁止使用,寻求能够替代抗生素的新的生长促进剂成为研究的热点。益生肠球菌主要应用于医疗保健行业,研究主要集中在粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)和屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium),有关益生肠球菌作为饲料添加剂在动物饲料中的应用也逐渐引起了人们的关注,对其作用机制及有效包被技术的研究已取得了一些进展。通过介绍益生肠球菌在动物饲养,尤其是断奶仔猪中的应用现状和存在问题,以亟为该领域的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

Temporal synergism can enhance carbamate and neonicotinoid insecticidal activity against resistant crop pests     

Bingham G  Gunning RV  Delogu G  Borzatta V  Field LM  Moores GD 《Pest management science》2008,64(1):81-85

BACKGROUND: Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) effectively synergises synthetic pyrethroids, rendering even very resistant insect pests susceptible, provided a temporal element is included between exposure to synergist and insecticide. This concept is now applied to carbamates and neonicotinoids. RESULTS: A microencapsulated formulation of PBO and pirimicarb reduced the resistance factor in a clone of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) from >19 000- to 100-fold and in Aphis gossypii (Glover) from >48 000- to 30-fold. Similar results were obtained for a strain of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius resistant to imidacloprid and acetamiprid, although a second resistant strain did not exhibit such a dramatic reduction, presumably owing to the presence of target-site insensitivity and the absence of metabolic resistance. Synergism was also observed in laboratory susceptible insects, suggesting that, even when detoxification is not enhanced, there is degradation of insecticides by the background enzymes. Use of an analogue of PBO, which inhibits esterases but has reduced potency against microsomal oxidases, suggests that acetamiprid resistance in whiteflies is largely oxidase based. CONCLUSION: Temporal synergism can effectively enhance the activity of carbamates and neonicotinoids against resistant insect pests. Although the extent of this enhancement is dependent upon the resistance mechanisms present, inhibition of background enzymes can confer increased sensitivity against target-site resistance as well as increased metabolism. .  相似文献   

喷雾干燥法制备微胶囊化水产开口料     

黄志强  李保国  罗富原  周韵箴  李锁丽 《中国饲料》2007,(20):34-36

试验以明胶为壁材,采用乳化喷雾干燥法制备了在水中稳定性良好的微米级微胶囊化水产开口料微胶囊。考察了总固形物含量、芯壁材比、进料速度、进风温度对微胶囊粒径以及在水中稳定性的影响,并通过L9(34)正交试验优化了微胶囊化工艺。优化的工艺条件为:芯壁材比5∶1,总固形物含量15%,进料速度17.75mL/min,进风温度150℃。  相似文献