西伯利亚龟象取食对荞麦不同抗感品种生化物质的影响     

陈磊  常静  王振  李清宇  周洪友  李海平 《植物保护》2024,50(3):181-187

为探讨抗虫和感虫荞麦品种对西伯利亚龟象Rhinoncus sibiricus取食的反应, 选择抗虫品种‘蒙0207’‘晋苦6’和感虫品种‘蒙0208’‘晋苦2’, 研究害虫不同程度(轻度、中度和重度)取食情况下, 荞麦叶片中营养物质(可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖)和次生代谢物质(单宁、总酚和类黄酮)含量, 防御酶［过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)］以及蛋白酶抑制剂［胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI)、胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂(CI)］活性的变化, 以及西伯利亚龟象体内主要解毒酶活性的变化。结果表明, 西伯利亚龟象取食48 h后, 各处理组荞麦叶片中可溶性性蛋白、可溶性糖、单宁、总酚和类黄酮的含量以及PAL、CAT、TI、CI活性均有增加。在供试的4个荞麦品种中, 抗虫品种被取食后可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量上升幅度较感虫品种更大, 感虫品种被取食后单宁含量,PAL、TI、CI活性上升幅度较抗虫品种更大。在不同取食程度下, 抗虫品种中的TI和CI活性均显著高于感虫品种。西伯利亚龟象成虫取食抗虫荞麦品种后体内羧酸酯酶(CarE)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)活性均显著高于取食感虫品种的个体。研究结果表明, 西伯利亚龟象取食能诱导荞麦抗虫性物质含量的变化, 但对荞麦抗性品种与感虫品种的影响不同。  相似文献   

Development and evaluation of pyramiding lines carrying early or late heading QTLs in the indica rice cultivar ‘IR64’     

Toshiyuki Takai  Patrick Lumanglas  Daisuke Fujita  Kazuhiro Sasaki  Njato Michael Rakotoarisoa  Yasuhiro Tsujimoto  Nobuya Kobayashi  Eliza Vie Simon 《Breeding Science》2021,71(5):615

The heading date is an important trait for determining regional and climatic adaptability in rice. To expand the adaptability of the indica rice cultivar ‘IR64’, we pyramided multiple early or late heading quantitative trait locus (QTLs) in the ‘IR64’ genetic background by crossing previously developed near-isogenic lines (NILs) with a single QTL for early or late heading. The effects of pyramiding QTLs were observed in three different climatic zones of the Philippines, Madagascar, and Japan. The early heading pyramiding lines (PYLs) headed 6.2 to 12.8 days earlier than ‘IR64’ while the late heading PYLs headed 18.8 to 27.1 days later than ‘IR64’. The PYLs tended to produce low grain yield compared to ‘IR64’. The low yield was not improved by combining SPIKE, which is a QTL that increases the number of spikelets per panicle. Conversely, ‘IR64-PYL(7+10)’ carrying Hd5 and Hd1 headed earlier, produced more tillers, and more panicles per m² than ‘IR64’, and mitigated the yield decrease in early heading. These results suggest that the effects of pyramided QTLs on heading date were consistent across various environments and PYLs could be used to enhance the adaptation of ‘IR64’ in other rice growing environments.  相似文献   

对吉林省水稻区试品种(系)稻瘟病的抗性鉴定   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郭晓莉  杨惠  任金平  刘晓梅  张金花  韩润亭  李莉  孙辉  刘继荣 《吉林农业科学》2006,31(4):40-42

2001～2005年采用苗期人工接种、本田期田间病谱自然诱发鉴定方法,对869份次水稻区试品种(系)进行了抗稻瘟病鉴定,109个品种完成了3年的连续鉴定,其中通粳612、通院5、通育01U307、九10B14、九10B3、吉2000F27、吉2000F46、通院6号、通育01-221、吉2000F59、通系158、通丰8号、通研7号、九02GA2、白122、吉01-3341、九02GB5、吉2000G18、九02YC11、九02YC17、九02YC5、通院7号、通院9号、吉2000F57、吉01-3786、吉01-3657和吉2000F61品种在全省各地对穗瘟抗性水平达中抗以上。  相似文献   

番茄对番茄晚疫病抗性遗传分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于海龙  李景富  许向阳 《东北农业大学学报》2007,38(5):602-605

试验利用04957(感),04968(感),L3708(抗)和Wva700(抗)4个抗感不同的番茄品种,按Griffing(Ⅰ)完全双列杂交方法配置组合,接种番茄晚疫病,调查发病情况进行分析。结果发现:①不同品种、不同组合间抗病性存在极显著差异;②供试品种间一般配合力和特殊配合力存在极显著差异,Wva700,L3708具有较高的一般配合力效应,二者在配制抗性组合时是较为优良的杂交亲本。Wva700×04957,Wva700×04968组合特殊配合力最高,有进一步研究利用的价值;③抗性遗传中加性效应是主要的,同时存在部分显性,存在细胞质效应;④广义遗传力为90.64%,狭义遗传力为81.48%,均较高,说明亲代对后代的影响作用较大,抗性基因可以通过基因累加的方式在后代中表现出来,宜早代选择。  相似文献   

不同海拔生态区移栽唐古特大黄株系性状表现     

熊丰  李春喜  席杏媛  周国英 《西北农业学报》2020,30(8):1186-1194

为探究唐古特大黄移栽到不同海拔区域后的性状表现,确定合理的种植海拔,同时对唐古特大黄进行品种选优的初期筛选。选用唐古特大黄10个株系温室育苗移栽到青海5个不同海拔生态区进行适应性研究,利用灰色关联分析法确定10个株系植株的综合表现排名。结果表明,海拔对移栽第1年的株高、叶片数、最大叶叶长、最大叶叶宽、最大叶叶柄长、产生叶裂程度、最大叶叶裂长、最大叶叶裂宽、根茎长、根茎数、根茎粗、根茎鲜质量、根茎鲜质量产量有极显著影响（P＜0.01）,表现为随海拔升高各项指标极显著降低;10个株系中较优株系为L2、L9、L1、L5和L10,其次为L3、L6和L8,而L4和L7表现最差。综上所述,海拔影响栽培唐古特大黄的性状表现,在2 016～3 763 m内,海拔越高,植株性状表现越差;较优株系L1、L2、L5、L9、L10可作为品种选育进一步研究材料。  相似文献   

Metribuzin resistance via enhanced metabolism in a multiple herbicide resistant Lolium rigidum population     

Hongju Ma  Huan Lu  Heping Han  Qin Yu  Stephen Powles 《Pest management science》2020,76(11):3785-3791

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Quantitative trait loci mapping for yield-related traits under low and high planting densities in maize (Zea mays)     

Qiang Yi  Yinghong Liu  Xianbin Hou  Xiangge Zhang  Junjie Zhang  Hanmei Liu  Yufeng Hu  Guowu Yu  Yangping Li  Yongbin Wang  Yubi Huang 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(2):227-240

Average maize yield per hectare has increased significantly because of the improvement in high-density tolerance, but little attention has been paid to the genetic mechanism of grain yield response to high planting density. Here, we used a population of 301 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross YE478 × 08–641 to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 16 yield-related traits under two planting densities (57,000 and 114,000 plants per ha) across four environments. These yield-related traits responded differently to high-density stress. A total of 110 QTLs were observed for these traits: 33 QTLs only under low planting density, 50 QTLs under high planting density and 27 QTLs across both densities. Only two major QTLs, qCD6 and qWKEL2-2, were identified across low- and high-density treatments. Seven environmentally stable QTLs were also observed containing qED6, qWKEL3, qRN3-3, qRN7-2, qRN9-2 and qRN10 across both densities, as well as qRN9-1 under low density. In addition, 16 and eight pairs of loci with epistasis interaction (EPI) were detected under low and high planting densities, respectively. Additionally, nine and 17 loci showed QTL × environment interaction (QEI) under low- and high-density conditions, respectively. These interactions are of lesser importance than the main QTL effects. We also observed 26 pleiotropic QTL clusters, and the hotspot region 3.08 concentrated nine QTLs, suggesting its great importance for maize yield. These findings suggested that multiple minor QTLs, loci with EPI and QEI, pleiotropy and the complex network of “crosstalk” among them for yield-related traits were greatly influenced by plant density, which increases our understanding of the genetic mechanism of yield-related traits for high-density tolerance.  相似文献   

湿热处理制备马铃薯抗性淀粉工艺优化     

李琳何  党雯琳  张喻 《保鲜与加工》2020,20(6):142-147

为获得湿热处理制备马铃薯抗性淀粉的最适工艺参数,以抗性淀粉得率为考察指标,研究淀粉含水量、湿热处理温度和湿热处理时间对抗性淀粉得率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上进行正交优化,确定了制备马铃薯抗性淀粉的最佳工艺条件为：淀粉含水量30%,湿热处理温度90 ℃,热处理时间90 min。在此条件下制得的抗性淀粉得率为26.63%。淀粉经过湿热处理后仍然保持偏光十字,为颗粒型抗性淀粉。  相似文献   

不同花生品种对花生果腐病的抗性鉴定     

于静  李莹  许曼琳  张霞  郭志青  吴菊香  迟玉成 《中国油料作物学报》2020,42(4):681

采用自然病圃鉴定法,对76个花生品种（系）进行了花生果腐病抗性评价,以期为抗病育种及田间病害防 治提供理论依据和抗性材料。结果表明,不同花生品种间对花生果腐病的抗性存在着显著差异,供试76份花生品 种（系）中未发现对果腐病免疫的品种,获得高抗品种2个,抗病品种7个,中抗品种12个,感病品种21个,高感品种 33个。聚类分析结果表明,分支I中的9个品种（尤其是花育9115）抗性较好,可进一步加以利用。花生对果腐病的 抗感性与荚果鲜重之间不存在显著相关。  相似文献   

干旱胁迫下玉米自交系抗旱性评价及筛选     

周玉乾  杨彦忠  周文期  连晓荣  张彦军  王兴荣  寇思荣  何海军  刘忠祥  王晓娟 《干旱地区农业研究》2020,38(5):211-217

以39份玉米自交系为材料,2017—2018年在甘肃省张掖市设置田间自然抗旱鉴定试验,筛选抗旱鉴定指标,综合评价玉米自交系的抗旱性。结果表明：在干旱胁迫下,39份玉米自交系的粉丝间隔时间延长了0~3 d,株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗干重、籽粒干重、出籽率及百粒重均降低,其中,穗干重、籽粒干重和出籽率3个指标分别为正常灌水处理的81.5%、79%和88.5%。穗干重、籽粒干重和出籽率与平均抗旱系数呈显著正相关,可作为玉米自交系抗旱鉴定的主要指标。利用加权抗旱系数法综合评价筛选出强抗旱玉米自交系10份,其中自交系E28、DH351、陇1222、浚92-8和黄早四,抗旱性达到极强。本研究所筛选到的抗旱自交系可在选育抗旱新品种中加强利用。  相似文献