植物抗冻蛋白及其高级结构研究进展   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

张党权谭晓风  乌云塔娜 王金发 《中南林学院学报》2005,25(4):110-114

抗冻蛋白是一类能控制冰晶生长和抑制冰晶之间发生重结晶的蛋白质．并具有两种明显不同的活性——热滞活性和重结晶抑制活性．植物抗冻蛋白的抗冻特性是低热滞活性和高重结晶抑制活性．植物抗冻蛋白虽然在DNA和氨基酸水平上具有较大的差异-几乎没有同源性，但却拥有相似的高级结构．冰晶结合位点也有一定的相似性．而且都可以通过“表面互补”模型较好地解释它们与冰晶之间的相互作用．全面介绍了植物抗冻蛋白的种类及特性，以及它们的高级结构和冰晶结合位点．  相似文献   

埋地油气输送管道沿线地温的计算     

刘玉峰  周英  陈凤  贾文龙 《油气储运》2013,(12):1312-1315

针对如何计算一定深度下土壤温度的问题,基于半无限大空间非稳态导热理论,建立了油气输送管道埋深处的地温计算模型。结合粘土、轻壤土、砂土、砂砾及中、重壤土的土壤孔隙率和密度,研究了土壤在水淹、润湿、干旱、沙漠环境下的导热系数和体积热容计算方法,确定了地温计算模型中的土壤导热系数和体积热容取值。计算值与实测值的对比结果表明,该模型能够基于土壤质地、含水量、年平均气温、最高气温和最低气温准确计算地温值。（表6,图1,参10）  相似文献   

典型河谷型城市春季温湿场特征及其生态环境效应     

李国栋  张俊华  王乃昂  彭剑峰  程弘毅 《勤云标准版测试》2013,33(12):3792-3804

快速的城市化对城市气候要素产生了重要的影响,城市温度场、湿度场的分布格局和结构特征强烈的影响着城市生态系统的物流、能流,产生了一系列生态环境效应.应用城市气候流动观测、定点观测、GIS空间分析和遥感反演等方法,模拟分析了典型河谷型城市——兰州市的春季温湿场特征和演变规律,结果表明:一日中14:30和20:30温度场的分布格局较为类似,高值区主要位于火车站、第二热电厂、五里铺十字、盘旋路围成的高惯高耗区域;8:30温度场的热中心位于西关十字至胜利宾馆开发程度较高的商贸区附近;一日中8:30和20:30的湿度场分布格局较为相似,湿度场强度较大的区域主要位于城区北部的徐家山森林公园、雁滩村、高滩村等开发程度较弱的绿地区和低惯低耗区,高湿度区分布与高植被覆盖率区域基本一致.利用景观生态学理论,热场空间分布结合NDVI分布,进行了热力景观空间格局分析和热力景观类型的划分,城区不同热力景观格局的形成与能耗、人口、建筑、下垫面类型之间存在显著的因果关系,NDVI＞0.5的区域对应湿度场强度高值区、热场强度低值区.利用城、郊气象站观测数据,分析了近50年城区热岛效应和干岛效应强度的变化规律,近50年城区热岛强度和干岛强度呈现逐渐增强的趋势,热岛强度的线性趋势达到0.31℃/10a,干岛强度的线性趋势达到-2.1％/10a,20世纪70年代之后急剧增强.城市热岛强度和干岛强度作为人类活动对城市生态系统影响的一种量度,与各时段城市化发展水平、城市建设规模、城市下垫面性质的改变等因素是密切联系的.  相似文献   

Main stem movement of Atlantic salmon parr in response to high river temperature          下载免费PDF全文

Stephen J. Dugdale  Jan Franssen  Emily Corey  Normand E. Bergeron  Michel Lapointe  Richard A. Cunjak 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2016,25(3):429-445

Atlantic salmon become thermally stressed when water temperatures exceed 23 °C. To alleviate this stress, they behaviourally thermoregulate by moving to patches of cold water, often forming large aggregations. These patches are known as thermal refuges. Given the consensus that climate change will increase temperatures in Atlantic salmon catchments, thermal refuges will become increasingly important in minimising summer mortalities. While the behaviour of salmonids within thermal refuges is fairly well understood, less is known about their main stem movement in search of thermal refuges or its thermal and temporal cues. We detail the results of a PIT telemetry study to investigate the main stem movement behaviour of thermally stressed Atlantic salmon parr in a temperature‐impacted river. PIT antennas placed around two thermal refuges and at the upstream and downstream limits of their surrounding reach were used to record the movement of salmonids during a heatwave. We observed parr movement at the upstream and downstream antennas 135 min prior to the occurrence of the midpoint of aggregations in the thermal refuges, indicating that Atlantic salmon parr make reach‐scale movements in search of cool water prior to aggregating. Logistic regression showed that the number of degree hours >28 °C predicted the occurrence of main stem movement with a good degree of accuracy, indicating that this temperature represents a fundamental threshold causing Atlantic salmon parr to move towards cool water. Such data could be instrumental in allowing river managers to place limits on human activity within rivers, allowing salmon populations time to recover following heat stress events.  相似文献   

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Gene Involved in Fatty Acid Synthesis in Brassica napus L.     

XIAO Gang  ZHANG Zhen-qian  LIU Rui-yang  YIN Chang-fa  WU Xian-meng  TAN Tai-long  GUAN Chun-yun 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2013,(6):962-970

Based on the sequence of a novel expressed sequence tag (EST), the full-length cDNA of 1 017 nucleotides was cloned from Brassica napus cv. Xiangyou 15 through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The gene was designated as Bnhol34 (HQ585980), encoding a protein of 338 amino acids. BLAST analysis showed no high degree of sequence identity to any known gene. The calculated molecular weight of the Bnhol34 protein was 36.23 kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 8.74. The Bnhol34 was also cloned from a high oleic acid mutant 854-1 through homologous cloning. There was no difference between the two Bnhol34 genes. Bnhol34 was localized in a tissue-specific manner in B. napus, and its expression level was about eight-fold greater in Xiangyou 15 seeds than in 854-1. The promoter region sequences of Bnhol34 were then isolated from Xiangyou 15 and 854-1, and a 93-bp deletion was found to occur in the Bnhol34 promoter region of 854-1. Three abscisic acid-responsive cis-elements (ABRE) were identified in the promoter region of Xiangyou 15. Real-time PCR analyses revealed that exogenous abscisic acid increased Bnhol34 expression by about four-fold in Xiangyou 15 seeds, yet did not change Bnhol34 expression in 854-1. It appeared that Bnhol34 might be abscisic acid insensitive in 854-1.  相似文献   

Developmental temperature stress and parental identity shape offspring burst swimming performance in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)     

Jenn M. Burt  Scott G. Hinch  David A. Patterson 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(2):176-188

Abstract – The persistent effects of embryonic temperature stress and individual parentage on fry swimming performance were examined in a cross‐fertilisation experiment using sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). A fixed‐velocity test of burst swimming was used to assess the endurance capacity and behavioural performance of individual fry from 10 offspring families incubated at 12, 14 or 16 °C to hatch and then reared through yolk absorption and exogenous feeding stages in a common posthatch environment (average 6.9 °C). Fry burst swim time (BST) was influenced by an interaction between incubation temperature and family identity. Average BST was longer for fry from the 12 °C prehatch treatment compared to 14 and 16 °C, although differences were largely attributable to temperature effects on average fry size. Behavioural observations revealed that fish incubated at 16 °C performed more poorly, having a larger proportion of individuals that required stimulation to swim, fatigued more frequently or were classified as ‘nonswimmers’. Within all three incubation temperature treatments, mean BST varied significantly among offspring families, independent of fry mass and length. An interesting relationship was observed within the 16 °C treatment, whereby families with higher survivorship were characterised with lower mean BSTs. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that exposure to high temperatures in early sockeye salmon development can result in persistent, parentally mediated effects on fry performance. As such, these results provide important insight into how elevated temperature events during egg incubation may affect early life history selection processes and survival in stages beyond when the stressor is experienced.  相似文献   

Forest fragmentation in Loudoun County,Virginia, USA evaluated with multitemporal Landsat imagery   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fuller  Douglas O. 《Landscape Ecology》2001,16(7):627-642

In order to study forest fragmentation in the Virginia, USA Piedmont, a series of Landsat images from 1973, 1987, and 1999 covering a rapidly developing area (Loudoun County) was used to classify forest from non-forest. The classified images were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of fragmentation, and to relate these patterns to infrared radiance provided by Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) band 6. The analysis was concentrated on eleven major watersheds of Loudoun County. The relationship between urbanized area per watershed and mean fragment size showed a strong negative decay form (r ²=0.757, p<0.0001). Analysis of four landscape metrics showed increasing fragmentation of forest cover, particularly from 1987 to 1999, as well as an increase in forest edge and shape complexity. Of the landscape metrics used, the perimeter-to-area (P/A) ratio showed the strongest relationship with mean radiance of forest patches. In addition, there was a negative, linear relationship between distance from major roads and band 6 radiance of forested pixels. Overall, the study shows that landscape metrics can convey meaningful information on biophysical changes associated with forest fragmentation at broad scales. These changes suggest that ambient temperature increases associated with urban sprawl may have important, long-term implications for ecophysiological processes.  相似文献   

沈阳地区玉米光热水生产潜力研究     

刘江  关义新 《沈阳农业大学学报》1994,25(2):149-152

在玉米光热生产潜力的基础上，进一步讨论沈阳地区水分对玉米生产潜力发挥的限制作用，结果表明：水分的限制率为１８．５％，使玉米经济产量降低３９５．０１ｋｇ／ｍｕ。  相似文献   

Observations on the potential of microwaves for weed control     

I SARTORATO  G ZANIN†  C BALDOIN‡  & C DE  ZANCHE‡ 《Weed Research》2006,46(1):1-9

Field tests of a prototype microwave‐based weed killer machine were conducted on Abutilon theophrasti, Panicum miliaceum, lucerne and oilseed rape pure stands. The approach can be considered a thermal weed control method, the microwave radiation causing dielectric heating of plant tissue water that eventually kills the plant. The method could overcome the limitations of other thermal methods, such as fire risk with flaming or the heavy loads required for hot water treatments. Species were effectively controlled by microwave irradiation, but their sensitivity and the evolution of damage symptoms over time differed. Lucerne showed no sigmoidal response and was the least affected by the treatment, while a log‐logistic curve expressed the dose–response relationships of the other species quite well. The estimated microwave dose for a 90% dry weight reduction ranged from 1015 kJ m^?2 in A. theophrasti to 3433 kJ m^?2 in P. miliaceum. Energy cost evaluation indicated that increased efficiency is required for this technique to compete with other thermal methods. Microwave efficiency could be increased by a flux configuration that minimizes soil penetration and maximizes absorption by plants, which, in turn, depends on plant growth form.  相似文献   

A review of non-chemical weed control on hard surfaces   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A M RASK  & P KRISTOFFERSEN 《Weed Research》2007,47(5):370-380

Weed control research to date has mainly focused on arable land, especially regarding herbicides, but also regarding non‐chemical methods. Some of these experiences can be applied to hard surface areas. However, weeds on hard surface areas cause problems that are different from those on arable land. Additionally, crop tolerance does not need to be considered when choosing an appropriate weed control method on these areas. The aim of this review is to describe current knowledge of weeds and weed control methods on hard surface areas and reveal potential ways of advancement. One of the shortcomings of non‐chemical weed control on hard surfaces thus far, is a lack of proper definition of efficiency of the weed control methods. To obtain effective control, more frequently repeated treatments are required than chemical weed management, thereby increasing the costs of labour and fuel. One way to reduce costs can be by adjusting the level of control to the required visual street quality. Weeds are adapted to the hard surface environment and may be less susceptible to certain control methods. This review indicates that for efficient weed control on hard surfaces there is a need for combining weed control techniques, applying sensors for detecting weeds, adapting the energy dose to type of weed flora and prevention of weeds by improved construction of new surfaces.  相似文献