Growth of the mycoparasitic fungus Verticillium biguttatum from different geographical origins at near-minimum temperatures     

P. H. J. F. van den Boogert  T. A. W. M. Saat 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(2):115-124

Sclerotia ofRhizoctonia solani collected from potato tubers from different countries were assayed for the presence of mycoparasites. Among the mycoparasites observedVerticillium biguttatum predominated. Its geographical distribution was not restricted to certain latitudes or soil types;V. biguttatum occurred worldwide in potato fields.The minimum growth temperature of 57V. biguttatum isolates was found to be in the narrow range from 10 to 13°C, irrespective of their geographical origin. A non-linear logistic growth model was used to describe the radial growth onRhizoctonia mycelium and nutrient agar plates. At near-minimum temperature the maximum colony radii varied considerably; they were up to 3.8 times that of the reference isolate M73. Based on parameter values for logistic growth, fast-and slow-growing isolates could be distinguished. Although the growth properties ofV. biguttatum isolates from different locations varied, the presence of fast- and slow-growing isolates was not restricted to particular areas and both types could be found in the same field. However, bioassays with selected fast- and slow-growing isolates do not support the assumption that growth at near-minimum temperatures is a relevant criterion for screening isolates ofV. biguttatum in terms of effectiveness for biological control ofR. solani.  相似文献   

Epidemiology of a Neotropical rust (Puccinia psidii): periodical analysis of the temporal progress in a perennial host (Syzygium jambos)     

D. J. Tessmann †  J. C. Dianese  A. C. Miranda  L. H. R. Castro 《Plant pathology》2001,50(6):725-731

The epidemiology of the Neotropical rust caused by Puccinia psidii in the Indian Myrtaceae Syzygium jambos (rose apple) was investigated in central Brazil. Disease severities recorded during a 12-month period were fitted by a Fourier curve with three cyclic components or harmonics. The first, second and third harmonics accounted for 49·6, 25·9, and 1·5% of total disease measured, respectively. A highly significant linear correlation was observed between the first harmonic and the accumulated number of days having at least 6 h wetness, or a minimum of 90% relative humidity, combined with temperatures that ranged from 18 to 20°C. No significant correlation was observed between the second and third harmonics and the weather variables evaluated. Rose apple trees showed a flush of growth with new susceptible host tissue during the evaluation period, with two major outbreaks of rust of variable intensity. Host growth was fitted by a Fourier curve with two significant harmonics. The first and second harmonics accounted for 37·5 and 22·1% of total host growth measured, respectively. A highly significant negative linear correlation was observed between the first harmonic and daily maximum and minimum temperatures, rainfall, and duration of the light period. Inoculum availability was not a limiting factor for disease progress since urediniospores were present during most of the period studied. A major peak in numbers of rust spores followed the main peak of disease severity. Thus, rust epidemics on rose apple in central Brazil were shown to depend on the duration of leaf wetness in the dark, and also on night-time temperatures during that same wetness period. This study is the first example of a periodical analysis of an epidemic in a perennial crop.  相似文献   

The 1997-1998 classical swine fever epidemic in The Netherlands--a survival analysis     

Benard HJ  Stärk KD  Morris RS  Pfeiffer DU  Moser H 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1999,42(3-4):235-248

The aim of this analysis was to characterise the temporal pattern of infection during the 1997/98 classical swine fever (CSF) epidemic in The Netherlands and hence identify and quantify risk factors for infection in different enterprise types and areas. Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to describe the epidemic. Substantial differences in temporal survival patterns (herd breakdown rate) were found between areas where different control policies operated. Factors with a significant influence on the infection hazard of individual herds included: sow numbers as a percentage of total sows and fatteners (HR = 3.38 for mixed herds (0.1–60% sows) vs. fattening herds (0% sows) and HR = 2.74 for breeding herds (60–100% sows) vs. fattening herds), the number of ‘transport contacts per month’ (>0.3 vs. <0.3; HR = 4.11), pig density (pigs/km²) in the area (HR_{1000 pigs} 1.48) and herd size (HR_{100 pigs} = 1.01).

Pre-emptive slaughter in an area appeared to be associated with lower subsequent disease levels. Higher frequency of transport contacts for welfare slaughter during the epidemic, however, well regulated and controlled, was associated with a substantially higher risk of becoming infected. The positive association of a higher pig density with CSF indicates the potential importance of local spread as a factor in disease transmission and emphasizes that dilution of the pig population can contribute to reduction in CSF occurrence. This analysis suggests however, that if pre-emptive slaughter can promptly be applied effectively in an area after initial diagnosis, pig density is then not a significant factor. Mixed and breeding herds had a higher probability of becoming infected than fattening herds, possibly due to different types and frequencies of inter-herd contacts. These contacts continue to some extent during the epidemic, despite the standstill of animal movements.  相似文献   

七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜控制作用的模拟研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘爱芝李世功  茹桃勤 《昆虫天敌》2000,22(3):106-110

应用二次回归旋转组合设计方法研究了七星瓢虫成虫、幼虫与两种麦蚜共存系统中瓢虫对麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的捕食量模型。结果表明七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜的捕食量随着瓢虫密度的增加而减少．随着该种麦蚜密度的增加而增加．且七星瓢虫无选择性。七星瓢虫不同个体间的干扰作用对其捕食麦长管蚜数量有显著影响,两种麦蚜数交互作用对七星瓢虫捕食禾谷缢管蚜数量影响显著。该模型可用来预测田间蚜虫的变化．指导麦田蚜虫防治。  相似文献   

陕西省耕地面积变化趋势及其驱动因子研究   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15  

王书转  赵先贵 《干旱区研究》2006,23(1):139-143

以实地调查和统计资料,分析了陕西省1949-2003年55 a间耕地面积变化的总体趋势.运用主成分分析方法定量分析了耕地面积变化的驱动因子,结果表明:社会-经济-科技综合作用、退耕还林等2大类因素是影响耕地面积变化的2个主成分.通过建立多元回归模型,对陕西省2010年和2015年的耕地面积进行了预测.研究结果将为合理利用和保护耕地,为干旱地区农业可持续发展提供科学依据.  相似文献   

AA肉鸡腿肌重活体估测方法的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程郁昕  苏龙  潘春留  王玉恒  张卫军  朱云飞  陈国瑞 《中国家禽》2006,28(15):21-23

以AA肉鸡商品代为试验材料,分析0、7、14、21、28、35、42日龄公、母鸡整体和腿肌的累积生长,建立腿肌重(y)与活重(x)之间的直线回归、幂回归、指数回归、对数回归及多项式回归方程,探讨腿肌重的活体估测方法。结果表明,AA肉鸡的腿肌在后期生长迅速,尤其是公鸡在35～42日龄时期表现突出;腿肌重(y)与活重(x)的幂回归、直线回归、多项式回归方程的拟合精度均在0.95左右,效果较好。  相似文献   

Comparison of homogeneity and heterogeneity of residual variance using random regression test-day models for first lactation Japanese Holstein cows     

Chie FUJII  Mitsuyoshi SUZUKI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(1):28-32

Using a large‐scale data set that included first lactation test day records from 1975 to 2000 for Japanese Holsteins, genetic parameters for milk yield were estimated by using random regression (RR) test‐day models (TDM) with heterogeneous and homogeneous residual variances. It is necessary for the RR‐TDM to include a function that explains the shape of the lactation curve. The RR‐TDM with the LW curve, which combined Wilmink's curve and a Legendre polynomial, was used for fitting the model for milk yield. In recent years, increases in residual variance have been noted for Japanese dairy cattle. Thus, three kinds of heterogeneous residual variance over the calving year were considered: H1, H2 and HG. Linear and quadratic exponential functions for the calving year were used in H1 and H2, respectively. Residual variance of HG was divided into five groups according to calving year. Homogeneous residual variance was HO. All heterogeneous residual variances increased with calving year in an almost linear fashion. Residual variance increased over the study period. However, there is no need to consider heterogeneous residual variances in genetic evaluations, because the heterogeneity of residual variance over the years did not affect the ranking of top sires and cows.  相似文献   

不同能量水平对朗德鹅生长曲线的影响研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹爱青  毛宗林  胡骏鹏  范卫星  何瑞国 《饲料工业》2007,28(7):34-37

在不同能量水平下,运用Logistic模型和Gompertz模型对朗德鹅0～10周龄生长曲线进行了分析和非线性曲线拟合研究。结果表明,不同生长阶段,朗德鹅公鹅、母鹅的适宜能量水平不同,Logistic模型和Gompertz模型都能很好地拟合朗德鹅的生长曲线,但Gompertz模型在拟合度和预测体重效果方面相对较好。中等能量水平下,2周龄前公鹅、母鹅的生长曲线基本一致,之后公鹅则明显高于母鹅,且保持较长时间的快速生长状态,公鹅的拐点体重显著高于母鹅,但拐点日龄的出现却晚于母鹅。  相似文献   

Prediction of multinomial probability of land use change using a bisection decomposition and logistic regression   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Shoufan Fang  George Z. Gertner  Alan B. Anderson 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(3):419-430

Land use change is an important research area in landscape ecology and urban development. Prediction of land use change (urban development) provides critical information for making the right policies and management plans in order to maintain and improve ecosystem and city functions. Logistic regression is a widely used method to predict binomial probabilities of land use change when just two responses (change and no-change) are considered. However, in practice, more than two types of change are encountered and multinomial probabilities are therefore needed. The existing methods for predicting multinomial probabilities have limits in building multinomial probability models and are often based on improper assumptions. This is due to the lack of proper methodology and inadequate software. In this study, a procedure has been developed for building models to predict the multinomial probabilities of land use change and urban development. The foundation of this procedure consists of a special bisection decomposition system for the decomposition of multiple-class systems to bi-class systems, conditional probability inference, and logistic regression for binomial probability models. A case study of urban development has been conducted to evaluate this procedure. The evaluation results demonstrated that different samples and bisection decomposition systems led to very similar quality and performance in the developed multinomial probability models, which indicates the high stability of the proposed procedure for this case study.  相似文献   

44个柚品种果实Vc与酸含量回归关系的计算机拟合     

陈华林  程昌凤  杨会容  夏先绪 《西南园艺》1998,(2)

根据1991-1994年连续4年观测资料的平均值,对44个柚品种果实Vc与酸含量的相关关系,通过计算机编程进行了直线方程、双曲线、指数函数、幂函数、对数函数、S型曲线和二次多项式曲线等8种常见方程式配合,确定了二次多项式Y=32.12-135.18X 50.43X~2(相关指数R=0.868)为其最适合的回归方程.另外,各年份间这种回归曲线图表现相对一致,更进一步证实柚品种基因型中果实VC与总酸含量之间确实存在着一种极显著而稳定的相关关系.  相似文献