Anatomical Characteristics of the Formation of Crown Root Primordia in Unelongated Stems of Wheat     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):186-191

Abstract

Anatomical observations were conducted to clarify some characteristics of the crown root primordia (CRP) formation in wheat stems. Unelongated portions of main stems were sampled from the plant at 3.2 and 7.2 plant age in leaf number, which were adopted as indexes because of the similarity to rice plants. Then, serial cross sections were made to investigate the position of CRP in the unelongated stem taking into consideration the running of vascular bundles in the stem. CRP were formed just outside tissues of the peripheral cylinder of longitudinal vascular bundles. The positions of CRP were not successive along the stem axis. They showed no definite relation to the running of vascular bundles. Diameters of CRP at the upper portion of the stems were larger than those at the lower portion. The positions of CRP along the stem axis were not distinguishable into nodal and internodal position. CRP and emerged CRs were not classified by the well-known ‘nodal root’ or ‘shoot unit root’, or the ‘unit’, which have been applied recently to rice plants. Further studies are necessary to clarify the factors controlling CRP formation anatomically and quantitatively.  相似文献   

Pigeonpea Nutrition and Its Improvement     

《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):227-260

Abstract

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.), known by several vernacular and trade names such as red gram, tuar, Angola pea, Congo pea, yellow dhal and oil dhal, is one of the major grain legume crops of the tropics and sub-tropics. It is a favorite crop of small holder dryland farmers because it can grow well under subsistence level of agriculture and provides nutritive food, fodder, and fuel wood. It also improves soil by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. India by far is the largest pigeonpea producer where it is consumed as decorticated split peas, popularly called as ‘dhal’ In other countries, its consumption as whole dry seed and green vegetable is popular. Its foliage is used as fodder and milling by-products form an excellent feed for domestic animals. Pigeonpea seeds contain about 20-22% protein and appreciable amounts of essential amino acids and minerals. Dehulling and boiling treatments of seeds get rid of the most antinutritional factors such as tannins and enzyme inhibitors. Seed storage causes considerable losses in the quality of this legume. The seed protein of pigeonpea has been successfully enhanced by breeding from 20-22% to 28-30%. Such lines also agronomically performed well and have acceptable seed size and color. The high-protein lines were found nutritionally superior to the cultivars because they would provide more quantities of utilizable protein and sulfur-containing amino acids.  相似文献   

硅营养对UV-B辐射条件下水稻酚类代谢的影响     

吴杏春  陈裕坤  李奇松  方长旬  熊君  林文雄 《勤云标准版测试》2009,29(24)

本研究在不同硅营养条件下，探讨了UV-B辐射增强对两个供试水稻品种(Lemont和Dular)硅营养特性和酚代谢物质的影响。结果表明：(1)在缺硅营养和UV-B辐射胁迫下，Lemont的硅营养吸收能力和生理利用率都比Dular强。（2）不同硅营养条件下，UV-B辐射胁迫促使Lemont叶片的PAL、PPO、 POD、CAT活性增强，总酚、类黄酮和绿原酸含量升高，而可溶性蛋白质含量降低；上述指标在Dular叶片中也表现出相同的变化趋势。但在缺硅营养和UV-B辐射共同胁迫下，Lemont表现出较强的酚类合成能力。（3）硅营养有利于水稻酚类代谢物质的积累，以减少UV-B辐射的伤害。综上所述，Lemont与Dular之间硅营养特性的不同，可能是引起两个供试水稻的酚类代谢差异，从而表现出对UV-B辐射抗性不同的原因之一。  相似文献   

巴旦木植物蛋白饮料的研制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨海燕 《新疆农业大学学报》1998,21(4):327-328

研究了巴旦木植物蛋白饮料的工艺流程和技术条件，对其加工过程中的稳定剂的选择及产品的配方等主要工艺进行了探讨  相似文献   

Wheat Seed Presoaking for Improved Germination     

Shahbaz Ahmad  Muhammad Anwar  Hameed Ullah 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,181(2):125-127

Seed presoaking improves wheat germination under marginal moisture conditions. The duration of seed presoaking was studied at The University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, using 10 wheat varieties. Seed presoaking beyond 12 h does not improve germination further, and beyond 21 h, germination rate is drastically reduced.  相似文献   

Osmotic Adjustment in Maize (Zea mays L.): Changes with Ontogeny and its Relationship with Phenotypic Stability   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. H. Lemcoff  C. A. Chimenti  T. A. E. Davezac 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,180(4):241-247

Genetic variation for osmotic adjustment was examined in a group of maize hybrids during vegetative and silking stages. Estimates of osmotic adjustment were derived from measurements of leaf relative water content (RWC) and osmotic potential (Ψ o ) before day-break. The degree of adjustment was estimated from the In RWC/In Ψ o relationship. All cultivars examined showed some degree of osmotic adjustment and significant differences (P < 0.05) were found among them. The utility of measurements in early vegetative stages as a mean of selection for osmotic adjustment in silking stage was established. A positive tendency was observed between osmotic adjustment and phenotypic stability.  相似文献   

Interactive Effects of Salinity and Biological Nitrogen Fixation on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Growth     

R. Zurayk  M. Adlan  R. Baalbaki  M. C. Saxena 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,180(4):249-258

The effect of salinity on the nodulation, N-fixation and plant growth of selected chickpea- Rhizobium symbionts was studied- Eighteen chickpea rhizobial strains were evaluated for their growth in a broth culture at salinity levels of 0 to 20 dS m⁻¹ of NaCl + Na₂SO₄. Variability in response was high. Salinity generally reduced the lag phase and/or slowed the log phase of multiplication of Rhizobium. Nine chickpea genotypes were also evaluated for salt tolerance during germination and early seedling growth in Petri dishes at five salinity levels (0–32 dS m⁻¹). Chickpea genotypes ILC-205 and ILC-1919 were the most salt-tolerant genotypes. The selected rhizobial strains and chickpea cultivars were combined in a pot experiment aimed at investigating the interactive effect of salinity (3, 6 and 9 dS m⁻¹) and N source (symbiosis vs. inorganic N) on plant growth. Symbiotic plants were more sensitive to salinity than plants fed mineral N. Significant reductions in nodule dry weight (59.8 %) and N fixation (63.5 %) were evident even at the lowest salinity level of 3 dS m-¹. Although nodules were observed in inoculated plants grown at 6 dS m-¹, N-fixation was completely inhibited. The findings indicate that symbiosis is more salt-sensitive than both Rhizobium and the host plant, probably due to a breakdown in one of the processes involved in symbiotic-N fixation. Improvement of salinity tolerance in field grown chickpea may be achieved by application of sufficient amounts of mineral nitrogen.  相似文献   

兰旗榆——一个在干旱草原区很有发展潜力的造林树种     

阎伟  李万宝  武巧文 《内蒙古林学院学报》1997,(1)

兰旗榆为白榆的一个地理生态变种,在锡盟浑善达克沙地及其南缘的镶黄旗、正镶白旗、正兰旗等地区生长表现突出。该树种较之其它的白榆品种具有抗旱、抗寒、抗风沙,物候期早,所需积温低以及生长迅速等优良特性,对我区北部干旱草原气候生态条件适应能力强,在草原造林中有着其它树种不可替代的地位和作用,建议大力推广。  相似文献   

郁金香花芽分化的解剖学研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨秋生  萧蓉萍 《河南农业大学学报》1997,31(3):251-254

利用石蜡切片法研究了郁金香花芽分化的进程及温度变化对花芽分化的影响。结果表明：郁金香鳞茎内顶端生长点的分化过程可以分为营养生长期，生殖茎端形成期，花器官分化期，花器官伸长期４个时期花芽分化从７月上旬开始，８肿旬结束。在贮藏期间，郁金香鳞茎内顶端生长点前期发育速度较慢，后期发育速度较快，并按由外向内的顺序进行。  相似文献   

水稻光温敏两系不育系15S特征特性及繁殖技术   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

杨金松  张再君  邱东峰  刘春萍 《湖北农业科学》2008,47(11)

介绍了水稻光温敏两系不育系15S的形态特征和生育特性,提出了繁殖地点选择,生育期安排,培育壮秧,落地谷的处理等繁殖高产优质不育系种子的技术措施.  相似文献