基于多变量与RF算法的耕地土壤有机碳空间预测研究——以福建亚热带复杂地貌区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁玉琦  陈瀚阅  张黎明  任必武  邢世和  童珺玥 《土壤学报》2021,58(4):887-899

耕地土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon,SOC)含量不仅是土壤质量的重要表征,还是农业温室气体的重要源库,而基于环境变量建立的随机森林算法(Random Forest,RF)是当前提高土壤有机碳空间预测精度的方法,但不同组合环境变量对RF模型预测精度的影响仍需深入研究。本文以福建闽东南复杂地貌区为例,以两种环境变量组合(遥感变量+气候因子和遥感变量+气候因子+土壤属性)为输入数据集,利用RF算法对耕地表层SOC含量进行模拟预测和精度对比,并与普通克里格(OrdinaryKriging,OK)插值模型进行比较。结果表明,基于全部环境变量构建的RF模型表现最佳,其模型拟合度和预测精度相较于未加入土壤属性的模型有显著提高(r提高7.95%,为0.95,RMSE下降45.13%),且对SOC空间分异信息的捕获更精确,OK模型总体预测精度最弱。利用最优模型反演得到的研究区耕地SOC含量为14.70±2.95 g·kg~(–1),东部沿海低于西部内陆。变量贡献率分析显示,除了与土壤碳紧密相关的水解性氮(N),遥感变量中数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Modecs,DEM)也是影响闽东南地区SOC预测精度的重要变量,因此,遥感变量、气候因子和土壤属性共同驱动的随机森林模型可作为闽东南复杂地貌区耕地有机碳含量空间预测的有效方法。  相似文献   

基于灰度关联-岭回归的荒漠土壤有机质含量高光谱估算   总被引：6，自引：7，他引：6  

王海峰  张智韬  Arnon Karnieli  陈俊英  韩文霆 《农业工程学报》2018,34(14):124-131

为改善高光谱技术对荒漠土壤有机质的估测效果,该文采集了以色列Seder Boker地区的荒漠土壤,经预处理、理化分析后将土样分为砂质土和黏壤土2类,再通过光谱采集、处理得到6种光谱指标:反射率(reflectivity,REF)、倒数之对数变换(inverse-log reflectance,LR)、去包络线处理(continuum removal,CR)、标准正态变量变换(standard normal variable reflectance,SNV)、一阶微分变换(first order differential reflectance,FDR)和二阶微分变换(second order differential reflectance,SDR)。通过灰度关联(gray correlation,GC)法确定SNV、FDR、SDR为敏感光谱指标,采用偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)法和岭回归(ridge regression,RR)法,构建基于敏感光谱指标的土壤有机质高光谱反演模型,并对模型精度进行比较。结果表明:砂质土有机质含量的反演效果要优于黏壤土;基于SNV指标建立的模型决定系数R~2和相对分析误差RPD均为最高、均方根误差RMSE最低,所以SNV是土壤有机质的最佳光谱反演指标;对SNV-PLSR模型和SNV-RR模型综合比较得出,SNV-RR模型仅用全谱4%左右的波段建模,实现了更为理想的反演效果:其中,对砂质土有机质的预测能力极强(R_p~2为0.866,RMSE为0.610 g/kg、RPD为2.72),对黏壤土有机质的预测能力很好(Rp2为0.863,RMSE为0.898 g/kg、RPD为2.37)。荒漠土壤有机质GC-SNV-RR反演模型的建立为高光谱模型的优化、土壤有机质的快速测定提供了一种新的途径。  相似文献   

玉米茎秆汁液对黄土坡面产沙速率的影响及原因分析     

王涛  魏霞  苏辉东  叶永铸  彭海鑫  黄青能  何志文 《水土保持研究》2018,25(4):43-46,53

利用人工模拟降雨试验研究了玉米茎秆汁液对黄土坡面产沙速率的影响及其原因。试验设计了4种不同的土样处理方式（control、添加25%浓度的汁液、添加50%浓度的汁液、添加25%浓度汁液经过一个冬季的冻融降解）在4种不同雨强（25,50,75,100 mm/h）下对产沙速率的影响,分析了4种不同处理后土样的土壤团聚体、有机质跟产沙速率的关系。结果表明:（1）添加玉米茎秆汁液对产沙速率是有明显的抑制作用的,玉米茎秆汁液通过增加土壤中 > 0.25 mm的团聚体和有机质实现减沙作用的。（2）4种处理后的土样中 > 5 mm的土壤团聚体和有机质是显著线性相关的,通过了0.01的显著性水平。在各种试验雨强（25,50,75,100 mm/h）下的产沙速率与 > 0.25 mm的土壤团聚体、有机质都具有显著线性负相关关系,通过了0.01的显著性检验。  相似文献   

Changes in forest soil organic matter pools after a decade of elevated CO₂ and O₃     

Kirsten S. Hofmockel  Donald R. Zak  Kelly K. Moran 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(7):1518-1527

The impact of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) may be mitigated, in part, by enhanced rates of net primary production and greater C storage in plant biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). However, C sequestration in forest soils may be offset by other environmental changes such as increasing tropospheric ozone (O₃) or vary based on species-specific growth responses to elevated CO₂. To understand how projected increases in atmospheric CO₂ and O₃ alter SOM formation, we used physical fractionation to characterize soil C and N at the Rhinelander Free Air CO₂-O₃ Enrichment (FACE) experiment. Tracer amounts of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ were applied to the forest floor of Populus tremuloides, P. tremuloides-Betula papyrifera and P. tremuloides-Acer saccharum communities exposed to factorial CO₂ and O₃ treatments. The ¹⁵N tracer and strongly depleted ¹³C-CO₂ were traced into SOM fractions over four years. Over time, C and N increased in coarse particulate organic matter (cPOM) and decreased in mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) under elevated CO₂ relative to ambient CO₂. As main effects, neither CO₂ nor O₃ significantly altered ¹⁵N recovery in SOM. Elevated CO₂ significantly increased new C in all SOM fractions, and significantly decreased old C in fine POM (fPOM) and MAOM over the duration of our study. Overall, our observations indicate that elevated CO₂ has altered SOM cycling at this site to favor C and N accumulation in less stable pools, with more rapid turnover. Elevated O₃ had the opposite effect, significantly reducing cPOM N by 15% and significantly increasing the C:N ratio by 7%. Our results demonstrate that CO₂ can enhance SOM turnover, potentially limiting long-term C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems; plant community composition is an important determinant of the magnitude of this response.  相似文献   

Short term soil priming effects and the mineralisation of biochar following its incorporation to soils of different pH   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Y. Luo  M. Durenkamp  Q. Lin 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(11):2304-2314

The aim of this work was to determine the magnitude of the priming effect, i.e. short-term changes in the rate (negative or positive) of mineralisation of native soil organic carbon (C), following addition of biochars. The biochars were made from Miscanthus giganteus, a C4 plant, naturally enriched with ¹³C. The biochars were produced at 350 °C (biochar350) and 700 °C (biochar700) and applied with and without ryegrass as a substrate to a clay-loam soil at pH 3.7 and 7.6. A secondary aim was to determine the effect of ryegrass addition on the mineralisation of the two biochars.After 87 days, biochar350 addition caused priming effects equivalent to 250 and 319 μg CO₂-C g⁻¹ soil, in the low and high pH soil, respectively. The largest priming effects occurred at the start of the incubations. The size of the priming effect was decreased at higher biochar pyrolysis temperatures, which may be a way of controlling priming effects following biochar incorporation to soil, if desired. The priming effect was probably induced by the water soluble components of the biochar. At 87 days of incubation, 0.14% and 0.18% of biochar700 and 0.61% and 0.84% of biochar350 were mineralized in the low and high pH soil, respectively. Ryegrass addition gave an increased biochar350 mineralisation of 33% and 40%, and increased biochar700 at 137% and 70%, in the low and high pH soils, respectively. Certainly, on the basis of our results, if biochar is used to sequester carbon a priming effect may occur, increasing CO₂-C evolved from soil and decreasing soil organic C. However, this will be more than compensated for by the increased soil C caused by biochar incorporation. A similar conclusion holds for accelerated mineralisation of biochar due to incorporation of fresh labile substrates. We consider that our results are the first to unequivocally demonstrate the initiation, progress and termination of a true positive priming effect by biochar on native soil organic C.  相似文献   

沼肥对大豆产量、品质、养分和土壤化学性质的影响   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

张玉凤  董亮  李彦  刘兆辉  边文范  刘苹 《水土保持学报》2011,25(4):135-138,143

为探讨沼肥在大豆上的合理施用技术,采用田间试验,研究沼肥对大豆产量、品质、养分吸收利用及土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明：与习惯施肥处理相比,100%沼渣、30%沼渣＋化肥、20%沼渣＋化肥处理的大豆产量分别增加1.02%,10.48%,0.16%;大豆粗脂肪含量分别增加2.31%,2.70%,5.07%;磷肥利用率分别增加5.04%,23.39%,8.60%;土壤有机质含量分别升高13.39%,3.68%,0.50%;20-80 cm土层内土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量降低幅度分别在13.70%～61.56%,15.98%～70.10%之间。说明试验条件下,无论沼渣单施还是沼渣与化肥配施均可提高大豆粗脂肪含量、磷肥利用率、土壤有机质含量,降低氮素的流失。  相似文献   

水葫芦富集水体养分及其农田施用研究．     

盛婧  郑建初  陈留根  朱普平  薛新红 《农业环境保护》2009,(10):2119-2123

采用自然水体养殖及农田施用试验方法,对水葫芦（Eichhorniacrassipes）的N、P、K吸收能力及其在农田施用效果进行了研究。结果表明,在研究试验条件下,水葫芦对N、P、K的富集系数分别达到N6641倍、P16667倍、K6560倍,42d对N、P、K的吸收量可高达40．57、6．95和81．14g·m^-2。与常规施肥处理相比,施用水葫芦处理（等量的N、P投入）的土壤速效N除了苗期显著降低外,其他各时期无显著差异,而速效P和速效K从苗期开始一直表现为不同程度的升高,说明施用水葫芦可促进土壤速效P、K的增加。但要获得较高的产量水平,应适当增加前中期氮肥施用水平。采用水葫芦控制性种养既可实现养分在水体与农田间的循环,还可减少农田化肥的施用量和农业面源污染,是一种良性的循环模式。  相似文献   

施肥对稻田N2O排放的影响     

马二登  ;马静  ;徐华  ;蔡祖聪 《农业环境保护》2009,(12):2453-2458

肥料施用是影响稻田N20排放的重要因素之一。以国内外相关文献为基础,综述了肥料的种类、施用量、施用方式和施用时间对稻田N2O排放的影响,指出了有待研究的内容：加强对土壤N2O排放机理的研究;进一步研究肥料施用对稻田N2O排放的影响;进一步研究施肥管理措施对稻田温室气体（CH4和N2O）排放的交互影响,寻求科学合理、切实可行的减排措施。  相似文献   

中国农田表土有机碳含量变化特征——基于国家耕地土壤监测数据     

程琨  ;潘根兴  ;田有国  ;李恋卿 《农业环境保护》2009,(12):2476-2481

通过对299个国家级耕地土壤监测点20余年数据的统计分析,评价了我国农田表土有机碳含量变化情况和固碳潜力。结果表明,全国约80％试验点有机碳年平均相对增长率（Average relative annual increment,ARAI）在-1．5％～7．5％。中国农田表土有机碳含量整体呈上升趋势。东北、华北等6个地理区域分析得出,华北、华东、西南农田表土有机碳含量显著增加;华东地区有机碳增加的农田面积占全国农田比例最大,东北最小。旱地和水田有机碳含量增加显著;水田有机碳增加的试验点所占比例大于旱地;对ARAI与初始有机碳含量进行相关分析得出,我国旱地和水田有机碳潜在储存能力估计值分别为17．2和27．7g·kg^-1。农田土壤类型中水稻土和褐土有机碳含量增加显著;黑土有机碳含量下降样本所占比例最高。对我国各典型种植制度分析得出,双季稻、麦-稻、麦-玉、单季小麦种植制度下农田有机碳有了显著增加;麦玉轮作较其他种植制度的农田有机碳年平均相对增长率高。  相似文献   

改良耕层土壤中苯胺的吸附动力学     

邓晶  王朝辉  张一平  孟昭福 《农业环境保护》2010,(1):116-121

研究有机改良土壤对污染物的动力学吸附特征,有助于深入了解其对污染物的吸附机制。以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵单一改良（CB）和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵＋十二烷基磺酸钠混合改良（CS）塿土耕层土样,采用批处理法通过不同的速度参数研究了改良土壤对苯胺的吸附动力学特征,并与苯酚对比探讨改良土样对有机污染物吸附的动力学机制。结果表明,塿土耕层土样的有机改良能够显著加快对苯胺的吸附速度,苯胺的吸附反应呈现快速反应和慢速反应两个阶段,且以快速吸附反应为主。总体上耕层土样Vt、V0.5、Vf的大小顺序均为100CB＆gt;120CS＆gt;（≈）50CB＆gt;CK。随温度升高和苯胺添加浓度增大,苯胺吸附速度增大,苯胺、苯酚的吸附动力学特征在改良土样上具有良好的相似性,从而证实有机污染物以分子状态存在导致的单一疏水吸附是改良土样吸附的决定机制。  相似文献