鸵鸟口咽腔结构特点与功能关系     

宋卉  彭克美  唐文花  刘华珍  王岩  位兰  杜安娜  唐丽 《中国兽医学报》2007,27(1):77-80

采用光学显微镜对非洲鸵鸟口咽腔及味蕾的结构功能特点进行了研究。结果显示,鸵鸟舌背面黏膜乳头发育不完善,且仅分布在舌尖处;味蕾散在分布于舌咽及上下颌的黏膜上皮,结构简单。另外还观察到,鸵鸟的唾液腺发达,舌、咽部黏膜的固有层内均有分布,腺泡由单层柱状粘液性上皮细胞构成。上述研究结果表明,鸵鸟味觉器官不发达,对食物的选择作用弱;其腺体发达,有利于食团润滑,便于吞咽。由此可见,鸵鸟味蕾及口咽腔的形态学特点与其摄食和吞咽习性相适应。  相似文献   

非洲雏鸵鸟泌尿系统的解剖学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐丽  彭克美  宋卉  位兰  王岩  李升和  杜安娜  靳二辉  王家乡 《野生动物》2006,27(5):35-37

鸵鸟的排泄行为与其它乌纲动物有明显的区别。为了探明其形态学基础，解剖观察了8羽非洲雏鸵鸟泌尿器官的形态位置及结构特征。研究结果如下：非洲雏鸵鸟的泌尿系统由肾脏、输尿管和泄殖道组成，肾脏分前、中、后三部分；泄殖道形似哺乳动物的膀胱，可存储大量尿液。结果表明非洲雏鸵鸟的泌尿系统不同于其它乌纲动物，清晰地解释了非洲鸵鸟先排尿随后排粪这一独特的生理行为，说明了结构与功能的统一。  相似文献   

Nutrition of ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) breeder birds     

Ross G. COOPER  Kennedy ERLWANGER  Khalid M. MAHROZE 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(1):5-10

This review discusses current data on nutrition in ostrich breeding birds. Nutritional demands increase during breeding particularly the calcium and phosphorus requirements for egg production. The correct balance of amino acids, vitamins and carbohydrates is important for the maintenance of high fertility after the attainment of sexual maturity at 24 months of age for female birds and 36 months of age for male birds. Most problems relating to health and performance, including fertility, hatching, chick survival, growth rates and deformities in the early weeks, are usually traced to inadequate breeder rations.  相似文献   

Bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections in the ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)     

Ross G. COOPER 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(2):97-106

The ostrich is susceptible to microorganisms of bacterial, fungal and parasitic origin. Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, is dangerous to other livestock and humans. Salmonella is transmitted from rodents or wild bird reservoirs. Pausterellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida results in air sac infections in ostriches. Colibacillosis is caused by Escherichia coli. Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium avium, is very rare in ostriches. Aspergillosis principally afflicts chicks. Zygomycosis, a secondary fungal infection of the upper gastrointestinal tract, is caused by Basidia, Mucor and Rhizopus. Leucocytozoon struthionis and Plasmodium spp. are harmless protozoa transmitted from flying arthropods. The tapeworm, Houttuynia struthionis, is dangerous in young ostriches. The adult ratite fluke (Philophthalmus gralli) is transmitted to ostriches following ingestion of infected freshwater crustaceans. Tick infestations of ostrich skin in Africa include Amblyomma spp., Haemaphysalis punctata, Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus turanicus and Argus spp. The ostrich quillmite (Pterolichus bicaudatus) and louse (Struthioliperus struthionus) may lower skin and leather quality via pruritis and/or excessive preening and feather loss. Nemododa infections are rare.  相似文献   

非洲雏鸵鸟十二指肠发育的形态学研究     

王家乡  彭克美  杜安娜  唐丽  位兰  王岩  李升和  宋卉  靳二辉 《中国兽医学报》2008,28(12)

采用大体解剖学、组织化学和形态计量学的方法研究了0~3月龄非洲鸵鸟十二指肠的发育过程。观察了十二指肠的相对质量(相对于体质量),绒毛的高度、宽度、肌层厚度、肠腺隐窝的深度、肠腺的密度、绒毛杯状细胞、肠腺杯状细胞的数量变化。观察到十二指肠的相对质量在90日龄达到高峰;肠绒毛的高度、肌层厚度、肠腺隐窝的深度、肠腺的密度与日龄呈正相关;肠绒毛和肠腺的宽度在90日龄时达到峰值;绒毛杯状细胞、肠腺杯状细胞的数量从初生至45日龄随日龄增加而增加,45日龄至90日龄随日龄增加而减少,在45日龄达顶峰。结果表明,0~3月龄十二指肠的发育不完善,必须重视此阶段的饲养管理。  相似文献   

Zygomycotic proventriculitis and ventriculitis in ostriches (Struthio camelus) with impaction     

Gulbahar MY  Agaoglu Z  Biyik H  Yuksek N 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(4):247-249

Three young ostriches (Struthio camelus), aged 4 months, were found to have zygomycotic proventriculitis and ventriculitis associated with impaction. Clinical signs were anorexia, chronic weight loss, weakness and lethargy followed by scant faeces for seven days. Proventriculi and ventriculi from birds were full of masses of hay, grass, leaves and other fibrous materials in combination with sand, gravel and plastic. Erosions and haemorrhagic ulcers of varying number and severity were present in the mucosae of both organs involved. Mucosal lesions were characterized by haemorrhagic necrosis. Throughout the affected mucosae there were 5 to 12 microns wide rarely-septated fungal hyphae with non-parallel walls, irregular branching and occasional globoid distentions, typical of Zygomycetes. Zygomycotic proventriculitis and ventriculitis secondary to impaction was diagnosed.  相似文献   

Nutrition and feed management in the ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)     

Ross G. COOPER  Jaroslaw O. HORBANCZUK  Noboru FUJIHARA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(3):175-181

The ostrich is an important animal in many livestock industries and in the developing world ostrich production is a valuable source of foreign currency netted from the export of meat and skins. Its successful growth and reproductive performance is dependent upon good nutrition. In Zimbabwe, one of the greatest costs involved in the upkeep of ostrich breeder birds is purchased feed (US$4555.45/10 birds p.a.). In order to cover these costs, the producer needs to ensure an adequate throughput of birds for slaughter. The energy provided by a particular feed source is important for growth and development of the bird. More research is required in ostrich nutrition.  相似文献   

Anatomy and physiology of the gastro-intestinal tract and growth curves of the ostrich (Struthio camelus)     

Ross G. COOPER  Khalid M. MAHROZE 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(6):491-498

The ostrich is an important animal in many livestock industries and in the developing world. The digestive system of the ostrich differs considerably from that of non‐ruminant animals or poultry. The genetic potential of an ostrich can be described by its characteristic growth curve. This present paper presents an account of the rearing, anatomy of the gastro‐intestinal tract, and growth curves of this bird.  相似文献   

Limb Deformities of Farmed Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Chicks in Botswana     

Mushi EZ  Binta MG  Chabo RG  Isa JF  Phuti MS 《Tropical animal health and production》1999,31(6):397-404

Limb deformities were detected in 135 out of 885 ostrich chicks, giving a prevalence of 15.3%. Tibiotarsal rotation affected 73% of the chicks with limb deformities, whereas rolled toes accounted for 36%. The right leg was more often affected than the left leg. The incidence of limb deformities was highest in 2- to 3-week-old ostrich chicks. The incidence of limb deformities was highest at the beginning of the breeding season and lowest towards the end, when it was relatively warmer. The mean serum manganese and zinc levels in deformed ostrich chicks were higher than the levels reported for normal chicks.  相似文献   

日粮中添加不同草粉对雏鸵鸟生长效果的影响     

阮鹏  任战军  石芳萍  邹存政 《畜牧兽医杂志》2010,29(5):21-24

为选择适宜的草粉饲喂雏鸵鸟、改良雏鸟生长性能,提高成活率。试验选取1日龄雏鸵鸟75只随机分成3组,在相同基础日粮条件下,对照组饲饲喂添加苜蓿粉日粮,试验1组饲喂添加花生蔓粉日粮,试验2组添加花生蔓粉与苜蓿粉的混合草粉日粮。结果表明:0~14日龄对照组平均日增重63.84±19.28 g;试验1组平均日增重109.32±33.79 g;试验2组平均日增重102.38±29.00g,试验1组的日增重最多。对照组组与其他2组差异极显著差异极显著(P0.01)。14-21日龄对照组平均日增重66.33±35.96 g;试验1组平均日增重120.48±61.17 g;试验2组平均日增重95.58±37.11g。试验1组平均日增重最多。对照组与试验1组差异极显著(P0.01),其他组间差异不显著。21~28日龄对照租与试验1组差异极显著(P0.01),试验2组与试验1组差异显著(P0.05)。综合比较增重与采食情况,饲喂花生蔓粉的试验1组的生长效果好于其他组,参考饲料的成本与消耗,试验1组饲料的料肉比也是最经济的,应选用花生蔓粉作为饲料添加草粉。  相似文献