8个猕猴桃品种叶片矿质养分含量的生长期变化及其相关性     

王南南  彭婷  谢翠娟  苗诗雪  王峥  马锋旺 《中国果业信息》2020,49(1)

以8个猕猴桃品种（‘海沃德’、‘米良1号’、‘徐香’、‘金香’、‘哑特’、‘翠香’、‘农大金猕’、‘金魁’）为试材,连续两年分析猕猴桃叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼等10种元素含量的生长期变化特点及其相关性。结果表明,不同猕猴桃品种叶片养分含量差异显著。其中,‘海沃德’叶片氮、磷含量较高,钙、镁含量较低;‘米良1号’叶片氮、钙含量较高;‘翠香’叶片钙含量较高,氮、磷、钾含量较低;‘农大金猕’和‘金魁’叶片氮、钾均较低。猕猴桃叶片氮、磷、钾含量从坐果期至果实快速膨大期不断下降,之后在果实缓慢生长期和果实充实成熟期氮持续下降,钾维持稳定,磷则有所回升;叶片钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、硼含量均随着生长期的推进而呈升高趋势,但不同元素初始升高和后期稳定的时间点略有差别。叶片氮、磷与钾之间呈显著正相关,与钙、镁、铁、锌、硼之间呈显著负相关;钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼等中微量元素之间多呈显著正相关。本研究为生产上不同猕猴桃品种的科学施肥和高效栽培提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

经济林种子生理研究进展     

和红晓  吕芳德  丁向阳 《河南林业科技》2006,26(4):19-21,28

经济林种子是育苗、造林的物质基础,种子品质的好坏直接关系到苗木生产及造林的成效。本文就经济林种子的休眠与萌发、种子的老化及劣变、种子活力等种子生理工作研究现状进行了较为系统的总结,并提出了今后经济林种子生理的研究方向和发展趋势。  相似文献   

气候变化对临沂冬小麦主要生育期的影响及适播期研究     

滕世辉  李晓霞  刘庆娟 《农学学报》2023,13(4):18-24

为了研究气候变化对临沂市冬小麦生产的影响,确定合理播期和适宜的田间管理措施。利用2001—2021年临沂市气象资料和农业农村部门苗情调查数据,同时参考1962—2000年临沂市历史天气数据,采用线性趋势性预测对小麦生育期温度、积温以及主要生育期日期和持续时间进行变化规律分析。结果表明:临沂市冬小麦适播期和各生育期均对气候变化发生了不同的响应,适播期为10月8—19日,最佳播期为10月11—14日;分蘖期出现反复降温频率变高,促进了小麦冬前抗寒锻炼,利于形成壮苗;冬前积温增多和越冬期延迟,间接推迟了适播期,为上一季玉米晚收创造了条件;返青大幅提前和返青后积温显著增加,大幅缩短了小麦停止生长和越冬时间,增加了冬小麦实际生长时间,有利于冬小麦苗情转化;拔节期大幅提前,使小麦更容易遭受晚霜冻(冷)害和倒春寒;4月和5月温度下降为小麦抽穗、扬花、灌浆提供了更好的气候条件,特别是5月温度下降既减少了干热风的发生机率又利于小麦后期灌浆。确定了临沂市冬小麦适播期,为小麦全生育期田间管理和高产栽培提供了依据。  相似文献   

辽西北霜期气候变化及气象服务对策     

赵凌尘  王禄禄  赵胡笳  张梦佳  王赛頔  马林  刘玉彻  刘振宏 《农学学报》2023,13(9):88-93

为了霜期设施农业充分利用气候资源适应气候变化,规避气象灾害风险,利用辽宁西北部气象资料分析霜期气候资源变化,并探讨霜期设施农业气象服务对策。结果表明：辽西北地区霜期气温升高而不稳,极端最低气温天气更显突出,霜期降雪增加,阴天日数增加,日照时间减少,太阳总辐射减弱,大风强度增加,霜期极端天气现象对霜期设施农业影响显著。霜期设施农业气象服务势在必行,为了推动霜期设施农业的发展,应从设施农业工程、环境控制、利用气候资源节约能源、适应气候变化等方面入手,建立评估、监测、预警气象服务一体化服务系统,通过网络平台,搭建专业化、动态化、多元化、精细化的霜期设施农业气象服务预警平台,提高防灾减灾能力,确保霜期设施农业可持续发展。  相似文献   

基于CLIMEX和ArcGIS的灰茶尺蠖在中国的潜在适生区预测     

陈李林  周浩  赵杰 《茶叶科学》2020,40(6):817-829

基于中国820个气象站点数据、灰茶尺蠖已知地理分布资料和生物学数据,结合CLIMEX模型与ArcGIS软件模拟预测灰茶尺蠖在中国目前及未来的潜在分布范围,评估灰茶尺蠖的潜在分布范围及气候变暖对其分布的潜在影响。结果表明,灰茶尺蠖在中国目前的适生区主要分布在3°51′N~40°6′N,适生区面积占全国总面积的34.27%。中国大部分省份的气候条件均适合灰茶尺蠖种群生长。随着气候的变化,灰茶尺蠖在中国的潜在适生区面积总体增幅不大,但其组成变化较大。至2050年,预测灰茶尺蠖高度适生区面积占比达最大（22.23%）。相比各种能源之间的平衡情景（A1B）,较高能源需求情景（A2）下灰茶尺蠖在陕甘宁地区向内陆扩张更快。灰茶尺蠖在中国适生区分布广泛,应加强灰茶尺蠖预测预报,趁早采取防控措施,以保障茶叶优质安全生产。  相似文献   

基于Google Earth Engine平台的关中冬小麦面积时空变化监测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭新  王乃江  张玲玲  郭永强  褚晓升  冯浩 《干旱地区农业研究》2020,38(3):275-280

以关中地区为研究区,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台,根据冬小麦生育期内归一化植被指数(NDVI)时序曲线和物候特征,采用NDVI重构增幅算法和光谱突变斜率,构建了关中地区冬小麦提取模型并实现了冬小麦种植面积的提取。用农业统计面积验证提取结果表明:在市级和县级尺度上,决定系数R~2分别为0.82和0.62,一致性指标d分别为0.95和0.84,提取结果与实地调查数据的空间一致性精度为93.4%。结果显示:关中地区冬小麦主要分布在中部关中平原,冬小麦种植面积在2011—2017年呈下降趋势,减少了83.22×10~3 hm~2(8.47%)。综合考虑冬小麦NDVI时序曲线的"峰""谷"特征,具有一定的普适性,可为大面积连续年份冬小麦种植面积时空监测提供参考。  相似文献   

Performance and uncertainty analysis of a short-term climate reconstruction based on multi-source data in the Tianshan Mountains region,China     

LI Xuemei 《干旱区科学》2020,12(3):374-396

Short-term climate reconstruction, i.e., the reproduction of short-term(several decades) historical climatic time series based on the relationship between observed data and available longer-term reference data in a certain area, can extend the length of climatic time series and offset the shortage of observations. This can be used to assess regional climate change over a much longer time scale. Based on monthly grid climate data from a Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5(CMIP5) dataset for the period of 1850–2000, the Climatic Research Unit(CRU) dataset for the period of 1901–2000 and the observed data from 53 meteorological stations located in the Tianshan Mountains region(TMR) of China during the period of 1961–2011, we calibrated and validated monthly average temperature(MAT) and monthly accumulated precipitation(MAP) in the TMR using the delta, physical scaling(SP) and artificial neural network(ANN) methods. Performance and uncertainty during the calibration(1971–1999) and verification(1961–1970) periods were assessed and compared using traditional performance indices and a revised set pair analysis(RSPA) method. The calibration and verification processes were subjected to various sources of uncertainty due to the influence of different reconstructed variables, different data sources, and/or different methods used. According to traditional performance indices, both the CRU and CMIP5 datasets resulted in satisfactory calibrated and verified MAT time series at 53 meteorological stations and MAP time series at 20 meteorological stations using the delta and SP methods for the period of 1961–1999. However, the results differed from those obtained by the RSPA method. This showed that the CRU dataset produced a low degree of uncertainty(positive connection degree) during the calibration and verification of MAT using the delta and SP methods compared to the CMIP5 dataset. Overall, the calibrated and verified MAP had a high degree of uncertainty(negative connection degree) regardless of the dataset or reconstruction method used. Therefore, the reconstructed time series of MAT for the period of 1850(or 1901)–1960 based on the CRU and CMIP5 datasets using the delta and SP methods could be used for further study. The results of this study will be useful for short-term(several decades) regional climate reconstruction and longer-term(100 a or more) assessments of regional climate change.  相似文献   

Mapping the current and future distributions of Onosma species endemic to Iran     

Farzaneh KHAJOEI NASAB 《干旱区科学》2020,12(6):1031-1045

Climate change may cause shifts in the natural range of species especially for those that are geographically restricted and/or endemic species. In this study, the spatial distribution of five endemic and threatened species belonging to the genus Onosma (including O. asperrima, O. bisotunensis, O. kotschyi, O. platyphylla, and O. straussii) was investigated under present and future climate change scenarios: RCP2.6 (RCP, representative concentration pathway; optimistic scenario) and RCP8.5 (pessimistic scenario) for the years 2050 and 2080 in Iran. Analysis was conducted using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to provide a basis for the protection and conservation of these species. Seven environmental variables including aspect, depth of soil, silt content, slope, annual precipitation, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and annual temperature range were used as main predictors in this study. The model output for the potential habitat suitability of the studied species showed acceptable performance for all species (i.e., the area under the curve (AUC)>0.800). According to the models generated by MaxEnt, the potential current patterns of the species were consistent with the observed areas of distributions. The projected climate maps under optimistic and pessimistic scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively) of 2050 and 2080 resulted in reductions and expansions as well as positive range changes for all species in comparison to their current predicted distributions. Among all species, O. bisotunensis showed the most significant and highest increase under the pessimistic scenario of 2050 and 2080. Finally, the results of this study revealed that the studied plant species have shown an acute adaptability to environmental changes. The results can provide useful information to managers to apply appropriate strategies for the management and conservation of these valuable Iranian medicinal and threatened plant species in the future.  相似文献   

Impact of waterlogging and temperature on autumn growth,hardening and freezing tolerance of timothy (Phleum pratense)     

Marit Jørgensen  Torfinn Torp  Jørgen Alexander Barosen Mølmann 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(2):242-251

Precipitation has generally increased in Norway during the last century, and climate projections indicate a further increase. The growing season has also become longer with higher temperatures, particularly in autumn. Previous studies have shown negative effects of high temperatures and, depending upon temperature conditions, contrasting effects of waterlogging on hardening capacity of timothy. We studied effects of waterlogging on seedlings of timothy (Phleum pratense, cv. Noreng) under three pre-acclimation temperatures: 3°C, 7°C, 12°C, and in autumn natural light in a phytotron at Holt, Tromsø (69°N). After temperature treatments, all plants were cold acclimated at 2°C for three weeks under continued waterlogging treatments. Freezing tolerance was determined by intact plants being frozen in pots at incremental temperature decreases in a programmable freezer. Waterlogging resulted in a higher probability of death after freezing, and a significantly reduced regrowth after three weeks at 18°C, 24 hrs light in a greenhouse. Increasing pre-acclimation temperatures also had a clear negative effect on freezing tolerance, but there was no interaction between temperatures and waterlogging. The results indicate that waterlogging may have negative implications for hardening of timothy and may contribute to reduced winter survival under the projected increase in autumn temperatures and precipitation.  相似文献   

基于GODAS资料的南海上层海洋热状态气候变化特征分析     

柯元惠  符传博  马明明 《中国农学通报》2020,36(18):104-112

为了深入了解南海上层海洋热力状态的变化规律,利用1980—2015年共36年GODAS月平均海温资料,将5~366 m的垂直平均海温表征南海地区海洋上层的热含量,分析了南海海洋上层热状态的水平和垂直分布特征以及季节和年际变化特征。结果表明：年平均南海热含量水平分布表现为东高西低的形势,垂直纬向平均分布表现为暖水厚度和温跃层深度东厚（深）西薄（浅）,垂直经向平均表现为暖水厚度南厚北薄,温跃层深度中间浅两边深;南海地区海温变化幅度在75~200 m处最大,不同深度海温距平均具有明显的年际和年代际变化特征;南海区域平均热含量在秋季最高,春夏次之,冬季最低,其年际变化明显,且在1998年之后出现明显的突变,由负值转变为正值,表现出明显的增温趋势;热含量季节EOF主模态空间分布形势表现为东高西低的特征,对应的时间序列在20世纪90年代末存在年代际转折,由主要为负值转化为主要为正值,表现在空间分布上,则为南海地区热含量由西高东低型转化为东高西低型。  相似文献