草炭土生物复合肥料对菜心生长的影响     

周丹丹  李延云  焦振华 《北方园艺》2011,(13):31-33

以菜心为试材,研究草炭土固定芽孢杆菌制成的生物复合肥对菜心生长的影响。结果表明:草炭土生物复合肥栽培中的菜心幼苗生长健壮,地上部分和地下部分的生长状况均优于其它处理,说明可将草炭土与生物有益菌进行固定化,形成优质的草炭土肥料应用于蔬菜育苗和生产中。  相似文献   

Release of bromide following rewetting of a naturally drained acid gully mire     

S. Hughes  B. Reynolds  J. Hudson 《Soil Use and Management》1996,12(2):62-66

Abstract. Currently there is growing interest in the restoration of drained peatlands in Britain. In order to investigate some of the effects of changes in land management practices on the biogeochemistry of peatlands, a field experiment was designed to manipulate the hydrological conditions in a naturally drained acid gully mire in Mid-Wales. We report preliminary results of the effects of experimentally rewetting the mire on the hydrochemistry of bromide in the peat-water. Results show that rewetting had a dramatic effect on the concentrations of bromide, which increased substantially. Peak values approached 1 mg/dm³ in some samples following rewetting, compared with typical values < 0.05 mg/dm³ under the drained conditions. Bromide was positively and significantly correlated with Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the peat-water, which suggests that Br^- is derived from breakdown of organic matter in the reducing conditions following rewetting. The bromide mobilized by rewetting may be leached out of the system and/or re-assimilated by the wetland vegetation. Further monitoring is needed to determine whether the observed hydrochemical response of bromide to rewetting of the mire has any longer-term effects.  相似文献   

Stimulatory effect of peat on spore germination and hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita     

Nan MA  Kazuhira YOKOYAMA  Takuya MARUMOTO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2006,52(2):168-176

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木本泥炭促进设施番茄生长和改良土壤的效果   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈硕  聂海斌  谭钧  邢文军  陈清 《中国蔬菜》2015,1(10):42-46

针对设施菜田土壤连作障碍、蔬菜品质降低等问题,以北京郊区春大棚番茄为研究对象,通过基施木本泥炭及其他添加物料作土壤调理剂,研究其对番茄产量、品质以及设施土壤改良效果的影响。结果表明:木本泥炭+苛性钾处理较常规施肥处理番茄产量显著增加16.73%,果实VC含量显著增加55.77%,同时明显增加了耕层土壤速效磷、钾养分含量,提高了p H值,而单施木本泥炭、木本泥炭+米糠菌剂处理与常规施肥处理均无显著差异。施用木本泥炭及其他添加物料均有降低土壤表层盐分累积的趋势。综上,施用木本泥炭及其他配合物料对设施番茄生长以及土壤改良有良好的促进作用,其中木本泥炭+苛性钾处理效果最佳。  相似文献   

Changes in soil carbon and crop yield over 60 years in the Zurich Organic Fertilization Experiment,following land‐use change from grassland to cropland          下载免费PDF全文

Hans Rudolf Oberholzer  Jens Leifeld  Jochen Mayer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(5):696-704

Changes in land‐use and agricultural management affect soil organic C (SOC) storage and soil fertility. Grassland to cropland conversion is often accompanied by SOC losses. However, fertilization, crop rotation, and crop residue management can offset some SOC losses or even convert arable soils into C sinks. This paper presents the first assessment of changes in SOC stocks and crop yields in a 60‐year field trial, the Zurich Organic Fertilization Experiment A493 (ZOFE) in Switzerland. The experiment comprises 12 treatments with different organic, inorganic and combined fertilization regimes. Since conversion to arable land use in 1949, all treatments have lost SOC at annual rates of 0.10–0.25 t C ha^?1, with estimated mean annual C inputs from organic fertilizers and aboveground and belowground plant residues of 0.6–2.4 t C ha^?1. In all treatments, SOC losses are still in progress, indicating that a new equilibrium has not yet been reached. Crop yields have responded sensitively to advances in plant breeding and in fertilization. However, in ZOFE high yields can only be ensured when mineral fertilizer is applied at rates typical for modern agriculture, with yields of main crops (winter wheat, maize, potatoes, clover‐grass ley) decreasing by 25–50% when manure without additional mineral fertilizer is applied. ZOFE shows that land‐use change from non‐intensively managed grassland to cropland leads to soil C losses of 15–40%, even in rotations including legumes and intercrops, improved agricultural management and organic fertilizer application.  相似文献   

Fungal N₂O production in an arable peat soil in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia     

Yosuke YANAI  Koki TOYOTA  Tomoaki MORISHITA  Fumiaki TAKAKAI  Ryusuke HATANO  Suwido H. LIMIN  Untung DARUNG  Salampak DOHONG 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2007,53(6):806-811

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Effect of peat on mycorrhizal colonization and effectiveness of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita     

Nan MA  Kazuhira YOKOYAMA  Takuya MARUMOTO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2007,53(6):744-752

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Using micromorphology to understand the rewetting mechanisms in milled peat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. J. Mooney   《CATENA》2003,54(3):665

Milled peat, an important energy resource in Ireland, is produced by scarifying the surface of a peat bog and allowing the resultant particulate material to air dry prior to storage in large stockpiles on the peat bogs. The storage period can vary from 6 months to several years, during which time the stockpiles are subject to atmospheric precipitation which causes rewetting and a subsequent reduction in calorific and monetary value. A study was undertaken to characterise the pore structure of stockpiles and identify relationships between structure and propensity to rewet. Recent research examining rewetting mechanisms in milled peat stockpiles has focused mainly on macroscale physical data. With respect to the importance of the structure of a porous medium for water movement and storage, a characterisation of the pore and particulate structure of milled peat in stockpile was conducted using micromorphological techniques. Samples with water contents up to 0.6 g g⁻¹ were impregnated in the field. Thin sections produced in days as opposed to months (no period of chemical dehydration was required) were used to quantify macroporous structures using image analysis. Results illustrated that a significant hydraulic discontinuity existed between the surface and subsurface layers of stockpiles, a factor not identified by laboratory physical analysis. This endorsed the current hypothesis in that the milled peats of different genetic origin had different pore architectures which had a significant effect on the active rewetting mechanisms. The visualisation of water flow pathways using dye tracers suggested that in addition to the wetting front water movement, by-pass flow was an active rewetting mechanism.  相似文献   

LIMESTONE PARTICLE SIZE AND RESIDUAL LIME CONCENTRATION AFFECT PH BUFFERING IN CONTAINER SUBSTRATES     

Jinsheng Huang  Paul R. Fisher  W. E. Horner  William R. Argo 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):846-858

The objective was to quantify how the concentration and particle size of unreacted “residual” limestone affected pH buffering capacity for ten commercial and nine research container substrates that varied in residual calcium carbonate equivalents (CCE) from 0.3 to 4.9 g CCE·L^?1. The nine research substrates contained 70% peat:30% perlite (by volume) with dolomitic hydrated lime at 2.1 g·L^?1, followed by incorporation of one of four particle size fractions [850 to 2000 μm (10 to 20 US mesh), 250 to 850 μm (20 to 60 US mesh), 150 to 250 μm (60 to 100 US mesh), or 75 to 150 μm (100 to 200 US mesh)] of a dolomitic carbonate limestone at 0, 1.5 or 3.0 g·L^?1. Substrate-pH buffering was quantified by measuring the pH change following either (a) mineral acid drenches without plants, or (b) a greenhouse experiment where an ammonium-based (acidic) or nitrate-based (basic) fertilizer was applied to Impatiens wallerana Hook. F. Increasing residual CCE in commercial substrates was correlated with greater pH buffering following either the hydrochloric acid (HCl) drench or impatiens growth with an ammonium-based fertilizer. Research substrates with high applied lime rate (3.0 kg·m^?3) had greater pH buffering than at 0 or 1.5 g·L^?1. At 3 g·L^?1, the intermediate limestone particle size fractions of 250 to 850 μm and 150 to 250 (20 to 60 or 60 to 100 US mesh) provided the greatest pH-buffering with impatiens. Particle fractions finer than 150 μm reacted quickly over time, whereas buffering by particles coarser than 850 μm was limited because of the excessively slow reaction rate during the experimental periods. Addition of acid from either an ammonium-based fertilizer or HCl reduced residual CCE over time. Dosage with 40 meq acid from HCl per liter of substrate or titration with HCl acid to substrate-pH of 4.5 were well-correlated with pH buffering in the greenhouse trials and may be useful laboratory protocols to compare pH buffering of substrates. With nitrate fertilizer application, residual CCE did not affect buffering against increasing pH. Residual limestone is an important substrate property that should be considered for pH management in greenhouse crop production under acidic conditions.  相似文献   

Plant-derived CO2 flux from cultivated peat soils     

Örjan Berglund  Kerstin Berglund  Leif Klemedtsson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(6):508-513

Abstract

Methods used to estimate the CO₂ emission from soil commonly measure the total CO₂ flux. To be able to quantify the net CO₂ emission from cultivated peat soils there is a need to distinguish between soil organic matter-derived CO₂ respiration and plant-derived respiration. In this investigation we used the root exclusion method to separate the plant-derived respiration from total CO₂ emission. The plant-derived contribution was estimated to be between 27 and 63% of total CO₂ emission depending on soil type and season. We also found a relationship between soil temperature, biomass growth and CO₂ efflux, which can be used to estimate plant-derived respiration. Due to the priming effect the root exclusion method is less reliable late in the season.  相似文献