土壤-水稻体系中的重金属污染及其控制   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

程旺大  姚海根  吴伟  张国平 《中国农业科技导报》2005,7(4):51-54

综述了土壤-水稻体系中重金属污染的现状及其来源、特点,分析了重金属污染对作物自身以及对人体可能的危害,探讨了减少土壤-水稻体系重金属污染的途径与措施。提出：水稻在有毒重金属的吸收和积累上存在着显著的基因型差异,筛选和培育籽粒有毒重金属积累低的品种,是在轻、中度重金属污染土壤上持续生产安全稻米的一条经济、有效的途径。  相似文献   

污灌区土壤-植物系统中重金属分布与迁移转化特征研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

高永华  王金  赵莉  刘忠 《河北农业大学学报》2006,29(5):52-56

为给污灌区重金属污染治理提供一定的科学依据,研究了陕西省咸阳市郊渭河北岸接受污水灌溉的沙质土地中,不同种类的重金属在土壤-植物系统中的分布与迁移转化特征。土样采集用分层采样法,同时采集同一样点的植物样(地面、地下部分)、水样,使用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn含量。结果表明:该土壤中重金属Cd、Cr、Pb主要分布在0~50 cm处;不同植物对同种重金属吸收有差异,同种植物对不同重金属的吸收差异也较大;污灌水中重金属Hg、Cd、Pb含量的高低,与相对应的灌区土壤和植物中重金属的累积量的多少基本一致。  相似文献   

一个基于视场的AIRS云检测方案     

陈靖  李刚  王根 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(7):3848-3849,3853

利用GRAPES-3DVAR（全球／区域同化预报系统）对AIRS的6小时扫描视场进行云检测,在Goldbety等的AIRS云检测方案基础上,结合GRAPES系统和AIRS仪器特征,剔除受到云污染的视场,为AIRS资料在三维变分同化系统中的应用奠定基础。  相似文献   

石油污染土壤的微生物修复技术研究进展     

黄曼曼  邓百万  武晓雨  李艳丽 《黑龙江农业科学》2017,(4)

利用微生物修复技术对石油污染土壤进行处理是现代新型的一种经济、高效且生态可承受的绿色清洁技术。目前,越来越多的国内外学者在解决石油污染土壤问题中引进微生物修复技术。总结了石油污染土壤微生物修复技术的修复类型;能够降解石油烃类物质的微生物种类、复合菌群及利用基因工程构建石油高效降解菌;影响石油烃降解菌降解效率的多种因素,探讨了石油污染土壤的微生物修复技术中存在的问题及应用前景,以期为进一步研究提供参考。  相似文献   

钾肥强化植物间作修复镉锌污染土壤效应研究     

邹嘉成  牛莹新  宋付朋  邢晓飞  陈国卫  诸葛玉平  娄燕宏 《农业环境科学学报》2022,41(2):304-312

小麦间作伴矿景天是一种原位绿色、边生产边修复重金属污染土壤的有效方式,施用钾肥是保障小麦增产的主要措施之一。为了研究不同类型和用量的钾肥对小麦间作伴矿景天修复镉(Cd)、锌(Zn)污染土壤的强化效果,采用室外盆栽试验方法,以不施钾肥为对照处理,研究了不同类型钾肥(氯化钾、硫酸钾)及施用量(50、100 mg·kg^-1和200 mg·kg^-1,以K2O计)对土壤pH和Cd、Zn含量、小麦和伴矿景天幼苗生物量及其Cd、Zn积累量的影响。结果表明:相较于对照处理,施用氯化钾和硫酸钾均能降低土壤pH,且施用量增至200 mg·kg^-1时土壤pH值降幅最大,分别降低了0.322和0.411。氯化钾和硫酸钾对土壤有效态Cd、Zn含量的提升效果均随施用量的提高而增强,均提高了小麦幼苗与伴矿景天生物量并促进了对Cd、Zn的积累。施用钾肥后,土壤Cd的去除率在15.1%~23.8%,土壤Zn的去除率在1.75%~4.70%。研究表明,施用钾肥均对小麦间作伴矿景天修复土壤Cd、Zn污染具有良好的强化效应,且氯化钾施用量200 mg·kg^-1的修复效果优于其他处理。  相似文献   

抗生素对黄叶日本桃叶珊瑚试管苗细菌污染抑制效果初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋泽平  王福银  史清云  史云光  郑凯  张荣良 《江苏林业科技》2010,37(4):6-8,27

采用医用抗生素氨苄西林钠、硫酸链霉素、头孢拉定及其组合抑制黄叶日本桃叶珊瑚试管苗细菌污染试验结果表明：单独使用1种抗生素时,抗菌及试管苗生长、生根情况不如组合使用效果好,使用抗生素氨苄西林钠比另外2种抗生素效果好;组合使用抗生素时,培养基附加氨苄西林钠与硫酸链霉素各50 mg/L,对污染菌的抑菌率为100%,同时在增殖系数、苗高、生长势方面都表现最好,并对黄叶日本桃叶珊瑚试管苗的生根有明显的促进作用,氨苄西林钠与头孢拉定抗菌组合效果次之,效果好于硫酸链霉素与头孢拉定组合。  相似文献   

Response of ammonia oxidizing microbes to the stresses of arsenic and copper in two acidic alfisols     

《Applied soil ecology》2014

Soil pollution by elevated heavy metals exhibits adverse effects on soil microorganisms. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria and ammonia oxidizing archaea perform ammonia oxidative processes in acidic soils. However, influence of heavy metal stress on soil ammonia oxidizers distribution and diversity is inadequately addressed. This study investigated the responses of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea to heavy metals, Cu and As during short-term laboratory experiment. Two different acidic alfisols named as Rayka and Hangzhou spiked with different concentrations of As, Cu and As + Cu were incubated for 10 weeks. Significant reduction in copy numbers of archaeal-16S rRNA, bacterial-16S rRNA and functional amoA genes was observed along elevated heavy metal concentrations. Ammonia oxidizing archaea was found to be more abundant than ammonia oxidizing bacteria in all the heavy metal treatments. The potential nitrification rate significantly decreased with increasing As and Cu concentrations in the two soils examined. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed no apparent community shift for ammonia oxidizing archaea even at higher concentrations of As and Cu. Phylogenetic analysis of archaeal amoA gene from 4 clone libraries indicated that all the archaeal amoA sequences were placed within 3 distinct clusters from soil and sediment group 1.1b of Thaumarchaeota. Our results could be useful for the better understanding of the ecological effects of heavy metals on the abundance and diversity of soil ammonia oxidizers.  相似文献   

论油气储运设施安全的重要性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钱建华 《油气储运》2012,31(6):422-426,488

油气储运设施是连接石油工业产、运、销各环节的纽带,其安全重要性日益凸显。介绍了油气储存和运输设施的分类依据及主要类型;从储运介质的易燃易爆和毒害性、油气储运设施易构成重大危险源两个方面论述了油气储运设施安全的重要性;通过总结近年发生的大连＂7.16＂爆炸事故、大型储罐火灾事故及油气管道泄漏事故的教训,指出第三方破坏是导致管道发生泄漏事故的主要原因,而打孔盗油又是其中的重要因素;提出了在工程立项、设计、施工及运行管理的各个阶段加强安全管理的具体措施。  相似文献   

One-step RT-PCR for the Detection of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Clinical Samples     

Kataria RS  Tiwari AK  Nanthakumar T  Goswami PP 《Veterinary research communications》2001,25(5):429-436

A single-tube, non-interrupted, one-step RT-PCR has been standardized to amplify the hypervariable region of the VP2 gene sequence of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The technique standardized on purified viral RNA was successfully applied to the detection of the virus directly in clinical samples. The amplified products were confirmed to be IBDV specific by their size in ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel, nested PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Digestion of the amplicons with StyI restriction enzyme also differentiated classical virus from six very virulent field isolates. The sensitivity of the one-step RT-PCR was found to be 0.2 pg of viral RNA.  相似文献   

The Effect of Anthelmintic Capsules on the Egg Output and Larval Viability of Drug-resistant Parasites     

Sutherland IA  Brown AE  Leathwick DM 《Veterinary research communications》2003,27(2):149-157

Challenge with an equal mix of drug-resistant and drug-susceptible larvae of Teladorsagia circumcincta resulted in infections in groups of lambs (n = 6) either untreated or given controlled-release capsules, containing either albendazole or ivermectin. Lambs treated with albendazole capsules contained similar numbers of adult worms at necropsy to the other groups but had no detectable faecal egg count. Animals treated with ivermectin capsules had similar worm burdens and faecal egg counts to the control group but the worms had significantly higher numbers of eggs in utero. These results provide evidence for suppression of egg production by both anthelmintic treatments. The observation that albendazole caused a significant reduction in the developmental success of parasite eggs also has implications for the use of faecal egg count as an indicator for pasture contamination with resistant parasites. In two further groups of lambs, either untreated or given albendazole capsules, treatment caused a significant reduction in egg count and adult worm burden of Trichostrongylus colubriformis. No significant effects were observed on in utero egg counts or egg viability and the apparent effect on the number of eggs produced in faeces per adult female was not significant (p = 0.077). There was, therefore, no evidence that albendazole controlled-release capsules caused suppression of egg output in this species.  相似文献