岷江百合天然群体的表型多样性   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

ZHANG Cai-xia  张彩霞  明军  刘春  赵海涛  王春城  单红臣  任君芳  周旭  穆鼎 《园艺学报》2008,35(8):1183-1188

 以岷江百合(Lilium regale Wilson)的7个天然群体为研究对象,对其株高、花瓣长、叶片数、花朵数、叶片长和叶片宽等6个表型性状进行多样性分析。结果表明：岷江百合表型性状在群体间存在广泛变异,6个性状群体间的F值为4.878～34.915,达显著或极显著水平;群体内只有叶片长和叶片宽达极显著水平,其他4个性状均不显著。6个性状的平均表型分化系数(VST)为61.5%,群体间变异（26.2%）大于群体内变异（20.0%）,说明群体间变异是百合表型性状的主要变异来源。岷江百合表型性状与地理因子的相关分析表明：株高、花朵数和叶宽与纬度成显著正相关,而其它性状与地理因子的相关性均不显著。利用群体间欧氏距离进行的UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,7个岷江百合天然群体可以划分为两类,说明性状的表型特征并没有依地理距离而聚类。  相似文献   

羊草形态及生物量分配可塑性对土壤供磷能力的响应研究     

郭丰辉  侯向阳  丁勇  李西良  武自念  王珍  胡静  李新乐  马文静 《草业学报》2016,25(12):53-62

植物形态及生物量分配变化是天然草原退化过程中的主要表现之一,通过研究植物形态及生物量分配对环境的响应规律有助于揭示草原退化及植被演替的内在机理。本试验研究了羊草形态、生物量累积及分配对土壤供磷能力的可塑性响应。试验采用有效磷含量低于3mg P_2O_5/kg的土壤设置0,30,90,180mg P_2O_5/kg 4个磷肥添加梯度,形成4种具有不同供磷能力的土壤,用于对羊草植株的培养,并于后期进行各项指标的测定。结果表明,1)土壤供磷能力的减弱明显减小了羊草的株高、各构件生物量,表现为高磷添加量显著高于低磷添加量,株高、叶生物量、茎生物量、根生物量、总生物量的降低幅度分别达到了14%,50%,51%,79%,63%。2)羊草个体形态及生物量分配对土壤供磷能力的响应并不完全一致,生物量累积对供磷量的敏感度最大,生物量分配次之,形态的敏感度最差,可塑性指数分别为0.58,0.31,0.19;单个性状指标以根干重最为敏感,可塑性指数达到了0.79。3)相关分析表明,羊草地上干重与叶宽、节间数、株高达到了极显著水平,此3个形态指标对羊草地上生物量的贡献率分别为30%,27%,26%,是形态指标中解释羊草地上生物量产生差异的主要因子。本试验在课题组前期研究的基础上,进一步从个体水平上探索羊草对土壤供磷能力的响应,与课题组前期试验结果相结合,可有助于探索天然草原退化和植被演替的内在原因。  相似文献   

Repeatability of different stability parameters for grain yield in chickpea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Kumar    O. Singh    H. A. Van  Rheenen  K. V. S. Rao 《Plant Breeding》1998,117(2):143-146

The presence of genotype × environment (GE) interactions in plant breeding experiments has led to the development of several stability parameters in the past few decades. The present study investigated the repeatability of these parameters for 16 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes by correlating their estimates obtained from extreme subsets of environments within a year and also over years. Based on the estimates of response and stability parameters within each trial, the ranking of genotypes in the low-yielding subset differed from that in the high-yielding subset. This indicates poor repeatability for response and stability parameters over the extreme environmental subsets. The estimates of mean yield and stability parameters represented by ecovalence, W²_i, were consistent over years, whereas those of response parameters (b_i, and S²_i) showed poor repeatability. Our results suggest that single-year results for yield and stability can be used effectively for selecting cultivars with stable grain yield if tested in a wider range of environments.  相似文献   

益智种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李英英  郑云柯  晏小霞  王清隆  羊青  汤欢  王茂媛  王祝年 《热带作物学报》2022,43(1):94-100

对收集的90份益智种质资源的18个表型性状进行遗传多样性分析,以期为益智品种改良和种质创新提供依据.结果 表明:供试的益智种质具有丰富的遗传多样性,质量性状中多样性指数最高的为果形(1.1507),数量性状中多样性指数最高的为株高(2.0700),变异系数最大的为结果枝数(41.32％);提取的6个主成分累计贡献率为6...  相似文献   

玉米自交系苞叶表型可塑性差异分析     

夏浩然  徐涛  贺伟  李建  张敖  阮燕晔  张立军  贺岩  崔震海  宋波 《华中农业大学学报》2021,40(5)

为确定玉米5大杂优群苞叶表型可塑性在异地引种的稳定性和敏感性,收集了我国玉米5大杂优群50份自交系,2014年在海南省三亚市、2015年在北京市和2017年在辽宁省铁岭市3种环境下测定各杂优群的自交系在不同环境的苞叶性状,计算苞叶性状的变异系数,分析杂优群间苞叶长度可塑性(phenotypic plasticity of husk length, PHL)、宽度可塑性(phenotypic plasticity of husk width, PHW)和层数可塑性(phenotypic plasticity of husk layer number, PHN)的差异和杂优群内的相关性,比较不同环境和生长时期各气象因子的变化。结果显示:苞叶性状受环境影响显著;在全部测定群体、旅大红骨和唐四平头群中PHL与PHW呈显著正相关,在瑞德群中PHL与PHN呈极显著负相关;不同血缘玉米种质的苞叶表型可塑性存在明显差异,PHL与PHW表现出协同调控的特点;旅大红骨群的苞叶长度和PB群的苞叶长度、宽度对环境不敏感,这2个性状异地引种时会保持稳定;兰卡斯特群PHL较大,且符合苞叶性状南长北短的要求,这类育种材料适合南北方异地引种;气象因子中平均温度和湿度在玉米生长前期差异较大,日照时间在玉米生长的前、中和后期都有一个差异较大的时段。因此,高温区适时早播,低温区适时晚播,有利于减少环境间的苞叶差异。  相似文献   

The role of the environment in partial migration: food availability affects the adoption of a migratory tactic in brown trout Salmo trutta     

K. Wysujack  L. A. Greenberg  E. Bergman  I. C. Olsson 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2009,18(1):52-59

Abstract –  Alternative reproductive tactics are commonly reported for salmonids (Pisces) and typically involve large migratory and small resident individuals. Variation in migratory tendency should reflect the different benefits and costs that the two different phenotypes face with regard to fitness. Therefore, the effect of food availability on the adoption of a migratory tactic in brown trout was investigated. Fifty trout were placed in each of 12 tanks and fed at three different levels. Growth-related variables were measured regularly, and at the end of the experiment, the proportion of migrants and residents was recorded. Low food availability led to increased numbers of migratory fish. The expected sex-bias was also present, with a lower percentage of resident females than resident males. As all fish originated from the same gene pool, the changing proportions of the migratory tactics can be classified as phenotypic plasticity. The study provides evidence that the different phenotypes reflect alternative tactics within a conditional strategy. Some differences in growth-related variables were present between the sexes, and a very pronounced difference in condition factor was found between resident and migratory males, but not in females. Thus, the results provide evidence that different selective forces may be acting on the sexes.  相似文献   

Characterisation of sweet stem sorghum genotypes for bio-ethanol production     

Precious Mangena  Hussein Shimelis  Mark Laing 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(4):323-333

In an effort to characterise and select promising sweet stem sorghum genotypes with enhanced biofuel productivity, the present study investigated phenotypic variability present among diverse sweet stem sorghum genotypes based on ethanol production and related agronomic traits. One hundred and ninety genotypes were evaluated. Data were subjected to variance, cluster, correlation, path coefficient and principal component analyses. Significant differences (P?<?0.01) were detected among tested genotypes for all measured traits. Days to flowering varied from 62 to 152 with a mean of 93. Plant height varied from 90 to 420?cm with a mean of 236?cm. Stem diameter ranged from 7 to 31?mm with a mean of 16?mm. Biomass yield varied from 6.668 to 111.2?t?ha^?1 with a mean of 30?t?ha^?1. Stalk dry matter content ranged from 17.2% to 44.2% with a mean of 29.8%, while fibre content varied from 8.92% to 34.8% with a mean of 17.2%. The stalk brix yield varied from 3.3% to 18.9% with a mean of 12.1%. Ethanol productivity ranged from 240.9 to 5500?l?ha^?1 with a mean of 1886?l?ha^?1. The best ethanol producing genotypes were AS203, AS391, AS205, AS251 and AS448. Days to flowering, plant height, stalk brix and stem diameter exerted the greatest indirect effects on ethanol production through higher biomass production. Biomass yield had the greatest direct effect on ethanol production. Therefore, the above traits should be considered during breeding sorghum for bio-ethanol production. Also, the traits had high heritability values, hence selection should provide for good genetic gains. Overall, the above sweet stem sorghum genotypes are useful genetic resources for breeding of sorghum with enhanced bio-ethanol production.  相似文献   

Genetic architecture of plant height in maize phenotype‐selected introgression families          下载免费PDF全文

Adel H. Abdel‐Ghani  Songlin Hu  Yongsheng Chen  Everton A. Brenner  Bharath Kumar  Michael Blanco  Thomas Lübberstedt 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(4):429-438

This study aimed at developing, characterizing and evaluating two maize phenotypic‐selected introgression libraries for a collection of dominant plant height (PHT)‐increasing alleles by introgressing donor chromosome segments (DCS) from Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) accessions into elite inbred lines: PHB47 and PHZ51. Different backcross generations (BC₁‐BC₄) were developed and the tallest 23 phenotype‐selected introgression families (PIFs) from each introgression library (PHB47 or PHZ51) were selected for single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping to localize DCS underlying PHT. The result shows that most PIFs carrying DCS were significantly (α = 0.01) taller than the respective recurrent parent. In addition, they contained larger donor genome proportions than expected in the absence of selection or random mating across all BC generations. The DCS were distributed over the whole genome, indicating a complex genetic nature underlying PHT. We conclude that our PIFs are enriched for favourable PHT‐increasing alleles. These two libraries offer opportunities for future PHT gene isolation and allele characterization and for breeding purposes, such as novel cultivars for biofuel production.  相似文献   

Genetic variability and estimates of heritability in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes grown in a semiarid zone of Sudan     

Salih A. I. Sabiel  Ibrahim Noureldin  Shahbaz K. Baloch  Sana Ullah Baloch  Waseem Bashir 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(1):139-145

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate nine genotypes of sorghum grown for two consecutive cropping seasons in 2006 and 2007 under rain-fed conditions in a semiarid zone at the Research Farm of El Fasher Research Station, Sudan. The objective of the study was to assess genetic variability and heritability among sorghum genotypes using phenotypic morphological traits. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used for the experiment. The grain yield (kg ha^?1), the number of heads/plant, followed by straw yield (kg ha^?1) had the highest genotypic coefficients of variation in both seasons. High heritability (above 95%) was shown for plant height in both seasons. High genetic advance was reported in straw yield, 1000-grain weight and days to flowering in both seasons. Highly significant differences among genotypes were found for all characters. The high-yielding genotype was Adv-Edo-CWS (E-9) with grain yields of 2780.6 kg ha^?1. Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with straw yield (r = 0.91), number of heads/plant (r = 0.69), plant height (r = 0.53) and 1000-grain weight (r = 0.36). However, it was significantly and negatively correlated with days to 50% flowering (r = ?0.21). Based on their positive association with grain yield, the character’s straw weight, number of heads/plant, plant height and 1000-grain weight would be the preferable selection criteria for sorghum improvement program in the country.  相似文献   

青海小麦品种的种子表型性状分析     

王寒冬  张波  陈文杰  刘宝龙  刘登才  张怀刚 《麦类作物学报》2015,35(4):471-478

为充分了解青海省小麦品种的种子表型性状特征及其相关性,以1957年以来审定的66个小麦品种为研究对象,在青海小麦高产区(柴达木盆地)对种子长、宽、长宽比、面积、密度指数和千粒重6个种子表型性状的3年数据进行了比较分析.结果表明,依据种子表型性状可以将这些品种聚为4个类群;千粒重与种子长宽比显著相关,与其他4个性状极显著相关,这些性状均可以作为千粒重选择的指标;不同阶段审定品种的千粒重变化不大,说明青海省在千粒重方面育种改良效果不明显,在今后的育种工作中有待加强;3年平均千粒重超过60 g的品种有4个,它们为高千粒重育种提供了资源.  相似文献