东北温带次生林和落叶松人工林土壤CH₄吸收和N₂O排放通量     

孙海龙  张彦东  吴世义 《勤云标准版测试》2013,33(17):5320-5328

2007年6月-2008年6月,在帽儿山用静态箱/气相色谱法测定了相邻次生林和落叶松人工林土壤CH₄和N₂O通量,结果表明:次生林转变为落叶松人工林后土壤年CH₄吸收和年N₂O排放通量均显著增加,分别为次生林的1.2倍和3.6倍。两林分CH₄和N₂O通量表现相似的季节动态,生长季土壤CH₄吸收通量和N₂O排放通量均高于非生长季。次生林和落叶松人工林土壤CH₄吸收通量与土壤温度均呈正相关关系,而与土壤含水量呈负相关关系。土壤N₂O排放通量与土壤温度和土壤铵态氮含量均呈正相关关系,而与土壤含水量没有明显相关性。次生林转变为落叶松人工林后,落叶松林地较厚的凋落物层改变了林地土壤水分的格局,影响了土壤的CH₄和N₂O通量。  相似文献   

Private residential urban forest structure and carbon storage in a moderate-sized urban area in the Midwest,United States     

Mikaela Schmitt-Harsh  Sarah K. Mincey  Matt Patterson  Burnell C. Fischer  Tom P. Evans 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2013,12(4):454-463

In conjunction with urbanization and its importance as a major driver of land-use change, increased efforts have been placed on understanding urban forests and the provisioning of ecosystem services. However, very little research has been conducted on private property and little is known about the structure and function of privately owned urban forests. This research examines the structure of and carbon storage services provided by private residential urban forests in a moderate-sized Midwestern city. The primary research questions are as follows: What is the structure of private urban forests, and how does it vary across parcels? How much carbon is stored in tree and soil pools of private urban forests, and how does carbon vary across parcels? Ecological inventories were conducted on 100 residential parcels within 14 Neighborhood and Homeowners Associations of varying size and development age. Tree species richness, diversity, density, and diameter distribution were determined on a per parcel basis and for the entire tree population sampled. Further, tree and soil carbon storage were determined for each parcel. Results of this research demonstrated large variability in per-parcel tree metrics. Twelve of the parcels sampled had two or fewer trees, while eleven had greater than 50 trees. Further, tree carbon storage ranged from no carbon to 11.22 kg C m^?2. Alternatively, soil carbon storage was less variable and averaged 4.7 kg C m^?2, approximately 1.9 times higher than the average carbon stored in trees (2.5 kg C m^?2). Management efforts aimed at maintaining or enhancing carbon storage and other ecosystem services should focus on both soil protection and maximizing services in living biomass. Our results demonstrate that sustaining tree-produced ecosystem services requires maintenance of large old trees and species diversity, not only in terms of relative abundance, but also relative dominance, and in combination, species–specific size distributions.  相似文献   

Changes in Soil Properties under Two Different Management Systems in the Western Amazon     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(21):2666-2681

Upland soils in the Amazon basin are often highly weathered and therefore possess low plant-available nutrient contents. Soil fertility is principally maintained by geochemical, biochemical, and biogeochemical processes. Within these processes, the soil microbial biomass is responsible for many of the cycles and transformations of nutrients in soils. The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes in soil fertility, in the form of nitrogen (N) and microbial activity, as indicators of the dynamic of carbon (C) with two extractants [irradiation extraction (IE) and IRGA methods], N, and phosphorus (P) in an upland soil area containing a dystrophic Yellow Latosol (Xanthic Ferralsol) in the western Amazon (Brazil) with succession of two plant covers (citrus or pasture) and management. The study was carried out in two chronosequences: primary forest followed by citrus plantations and primary forest followed by pasture. The results showed that pasture has greater capacity to accumulate organic C and total N than either primary forest or citrus plantation. Removing forest to introduce pasture or citrus plantations influences the soil fertility and microbial biomass of C, N, and P in the soil. Under the edaphoclimatic conditions, the irradiation extraction and IRGA methods all proved efficient in determining the soil microbial C activity. In addition, regardless of the depth of soil, the predominant N form is ammonium (NH₄ ⁺).  相似文献   

成土年龄对雷琼地区玄武岩母质土壤剖面中常量元素迁移的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张立娟  李德成  李徐生  韩志勇  张甘霖 《土壤》2012,44(2):274-281

以雷琼地区不同发育时序的玄武岩母质土壤为研究对象,研究了成土年龄对风化成壤作用的影响。结果表明,成土年龄大的剖面中易溶元素的淋失率高,体现了迁移累积效应;而年轻的剖面中元素迁移率则随成土年龄的变化更加明显。故成土年龄对常量元素迁移率的影响具有一定的阶段性特征,早期影响显著,当风化成壤作用进行到一定程度后,成土年龄的影响明显减弱。  相似文献   

泥质海岸盐碱地刺槐-杨树混交林改土效果研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

魏忠平  范俊岗  潘文利  陈罡  刘红民 《水土保持通报》2012,32(1):106-110,170

在北方泥质海岸盐碱地采用工程整地措施修筑台田,于台田上布置刺槐纯林、杨树纯林、刺槐—杨树混交林3种树种配置模式,对混交林及纯林的降盐改土效果进行研究。结果表明,11a后3种林分类型基本郁闭,保存率为63%～72%,郁闭度为0.6～0.7。混交林的树高、胸径优于纯林。3种模式脱盐作用范围在0—70cm土层;在50—70cm这一土层形成了养分亏缺层。混交林可提高林地土壤有机质含量;0—100cm全氮含量的土壤剖面分布规律与有机质相似,3种模式土壤全磷含量变幅不大,总体表现为磷素总量不足,有效性低。因子分析表明刺槐—杨树混交林降盐改土效果好于杨树纯林,也好于刺槐纯林,能够改善泥质海岸盐碱地土壤肥力状况,可作为一项成功的造林模式进行推广应用。  相似文献   

EN-1固化剂对4种土壤饱和导水率的影响研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

丁小龙  张兴昌  窦晶晶  郝振全 《水土保持通报》2012,32(1):132-134

为了研究EN-1土壤固化剂的固化性能,通过室内模拟实验对杨凌、安康、安塞和靖边4种土壤在不同固化剂掺量、养护龄期的固化进行了土壤饱和导水率影响的研究,结果表明,微量掺加EN-1固化剂就可以明显减小黄棕壤和土的饱和导水率,饱和导水率随着培养龄期的增加而下降,当培养期大于14d时土样的饱和导水率近似为0;黄绵土与风沙土的饱和导水率随着固化剂掺量增加而减小,培养龄期增大,饱和导水率随之下降,固化剂掺量为1%,培养期为28d时黄绵土和风沙土的饱和导水率最低。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲退化刺槐林不同改造方式对土壤酶活性及理化性质的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

夏江宝  许景伟  李传荣  王月海  刘京涛 《水土保持通报》2012,32(5):171-175,181

采用野外典型抽样调查和室内分析测定相结合的方法,选取黄河三角洲重度退化刺槐林的4种改造方式,即棉田、白蜡林、白蜡+刺槐(混交林)、白蜡+棉花(农林间作),以未改造的重度退化刺槐林地作为对照,对改造5a后的土壤酶活性、土壤容重、孔隙度、盐碱状况及养分含量进行了测定分析。结果表明:(1)4种改造方式都不同程度地增加了土壤磷酸酶、脲酶活性,降低了多酚氧化酶活性。过氧化物酶虽有增加趋势,但差异不显著。多酚氧化酶和脲酶活性排序均为:混交林>白蜡林>农林间作>棉田;混交林、农林间作、白蜡林、棉田改造方式下的磷酸酶活性分别是对照的3.5,3.2,1.7,1.6倍。(2)改造林地的土壤容重、含盐量均表现降低趋势,其均值大小均表现为:混交林<农林间作<白蜡林<棉田,分别比对照下降14.5%,12.3%,9.0%,7.7%和35.3%,27.9%,13.2%,7.4%;总孔隙度表现为增大趋势,棉田、白蜡林改造方式表现出一定的增碱负效应。(3)改造后土壤养分增加显著,土壤有机质及有效N,P,K总体表现为混交林改造方式下最高,农林间作高于白蜡林,棉田波动较大。混交林和农林间作改造方式对土壤酶活性及理化性质的总体改善效果较好,建议作为重度退化刺槐林的主要改造方式进行推广。  相似文献   

贮存条件对蛋清S-卵白蛋白形成的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

黄群  马美湖  金永国  邱宁  孙术国  耿放 《农业工程学报》2012,28(5):288-292

为了探讨贮存条件对鸡蛋清S-卵白蛋白形成的影响,该文考察了贮存温度、湿度、二氧化碳浓度及涂膜处理等4个影响因素,并以S-卵白蛋白为变量建立了等价蛋龄预测模型。结果表明,S-卵白蛋白形成与贮存温度呈正相关,高温能加速形成;S-卵白蛋白含量受湿度影响不显著,高湿仅能有限抑制S-卵白蛋白形成;低浓度CO2(2.5%)抑制S-卵白蛋白形成效果不明显,而高浓度CO2(≥5.0%)抑制效果显著;涂膜处理能显著抑制S-卵白蛋白形成,尤其是油溶性、矿物油涂膜处理抑制效果极显著。指数回归模型分析建立了等价蛋龄预测模型,将S-卵白蛋白含量转换为等价蛋龄(25℃),可评价不同条件下贮存鸡蛋的鲜度。  相似文献   

广东主要茶区春季杂草群落调查与区域差异分析     

林威鹏  郑海  张泰劼  郜礼阳  凌彩金  周巧仪  陈鹏程  赖榕辉  刘淑媚  钟永辉  古艳霞 《中国农学通报》2021,37(1):138-146

探明广东茶园春季杂草基本情况,为茶园杂草防控提供基础数据。2020年3—5月,在广东省粤东、粤西、粤北3个茶叶主产区31个茶园共620块样方开展茶园杂草群落调查,采用七级目测法,记录样方杂草种类及生长优势等级。调查共发现杂草313种,出现频度高于10%的杂草有126种,其中菊科杂草23种、禾本科12种、茜草科8种、蔷薇科7种、唇形科6种、蓼科5种、豆科4种,以上7个科共包含杂草65种,占据126种杂草的51.5%。出现频度前10杂草分别为小蓬草Erigeron canadensis(83.87%)和菝葜Smilax china(80.65%)、鸭跖草Commelina communis(77.42%)、积雪草Centella asiatica(74.19%)、野茼蒿Crassocephalum crepidioides(74.19%)、酢浆草Oxalis corniculata(74.19%)、地菍Melastoma dodecandrum(70.97%)、鬼针草Bidens pilosa(70.97%)、长萼堇菜Viola inconspicua(67.74%)、一点红Emilia sonchifolia(67.74%)。生长优势度前10杂草分别为小蓬草(17.42%)、鬼针草(17.19%)、鸭跖草(17.10%)、酢浆草(15.11%)、假臭草Praxelis clematidea(12.58%)、白茅Imperata cylindrica(12.19%)、野茼蒿(12.06%)、阔叶丰花草Spermacoce alata(10.90%)、红花酢浆草Oxalis corymbosa(10.65%)、地菍(9.81%)。粤东、粤西和粤北茶区优势杂草存在显著差别,粤东地区以鬼针草、小蓬草、华南鳞盖蕨Microlepia hancei等杂草为主;粤西茶区以阔叶丰花草、微甘菊Mikania micrantha、鸭跖草、假臭草等杂草为主;粤北茶区以小蓬草、空心泡Rubus rosifolius、白茅为主。调查初步探明广东主要茶区春季杂草分布状况,为各茶区杂草防控提供数据支持。  相似文献   

Effect of pre-planting temperature and light treatments of seed tubers on potato yield and tuber size distribution     

A. J. Haverkort  M. Van De Waart  K. B. A. Bodlaender 《Potato Research》1990,33(1):77-88

Summary From 1985 to 1987 field experiments were caried out to test the influence of different pre-planting storage treatments on yield and size distribution of potato crops. The storage treatments included 4, 8 and 12°C in the light and in the dark, for different periods before planting. Subjecting the seed tubers to light at low temperatures induced crops to produce a larger proportion of smaller sized tubers while storing seed tubers at higher temperatures in the dark led to an increase of tubers >55 mm. These observations were confirmed in five field experiments with two cultivars at two sites and in three growing seasons.  相似文献