八种中式烹饪工艺对牛肉中多环芳烃、反式脂肪酸和亚硝酸盐的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

张兰  高天丽  刘永峰  赵晶  廖晶  库婷 《中国农业科学》2017,50(6):1126-1138

【目的】从蒸、煮、炖、烤、炸、煎、干制及腌制八种传统中式烹饪工艺中筛选获得有害物质较少的牛肉处理工艺,为消费者选择有害物质含量较低的烹饪工艺提供理论参考。【方法】通过调控烤、炸、煎3种高温处理的温度和时间,对比分析多环芳烃(PAHs)、反式油酸(C_(18:1 trans-9))及亚硝酸盐3类有害物质的组分及含量,选出较优的烤、炸、煎烹饪条件;在此基础上,综合分析烤、炸、煎与蒸、煮、炖、干制及腌制8种烹饪工艺对牛肉中有害物质的影响,进而选择较优的中式烹饪工艺。试验分别采用高效液相色谱外标法、气相色谱-质谱外标法及分光光度法测定牛肉中PAHs、C_(18:1 trans-9)及亚硝酸盐的含量。【结果】对照组中共检测出芘、苯并[a]蒽、苣和苯并[k]荧蒽4种,烤制以160—180℃处理为较优,有5种PAHs且含量低,炸制以3—4 min处理含量较低,煎制以2—3 min处理含量较低;8种中式烹饪中,炸、煎的肉样中PAHs种类最多,炸、腌制的肉样中苯并[a]蒽含量较高,蒸制及煎制的肉样中苣含量较高,烤、炸、煎的肉样中苯并[b]荧蒽含量较高,炸、煎的肉样中苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a,h]蒽含量较高。烤制温度对C_(18:1 trans-9)含量影响不显著(P0.05),炸制3 min和煎制2min的肉样中C_(18:1 trans-9)含量均最低(P0.05);8种中式烹饪中,炸、煎的肉样中C_(18:1 trans-9)含量较高(P0.05)。烤制160℃和180℃的肉样中亚硝酸盐含量均较低,炸制3 min和煎制2 min的亚硝酸盐含量最低(P0.05);8种烹饪工艺中,炸、煎及腌制的肉样中亚硝酸盐含量较高(P0.05)。【结论】对烤、炸、煎3种高温处理,肉样在160℃下烤制40 min,在226—228℃下炸制3 min、煎制2 min时3类有害物质含量较低;综合分析8种工艺,蒸制、煮制、炖制及干制的肉样中3类有害物质种类较少且含量较低。  相似文献   

环芳烃芘对拟南芥的生物毒性效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尹冬雪  苏玉红  乔敏 《农业科学与技术》2011,(6):818-822

[目的]研究多环芳烃（PAHs）对植物生理生化的影响。[方法]以模式植物拟南芥为试验材料,研究4环PAHs芘胁迫对拟南芥生长的影响及抗氧化酶活性及叶片超微结构的变化。[结果]芘胁迫下拟南芥根长呈现低浓度促进生长、高浓度受抑制的现象,叶片香毛簇随着芘浓度的增加发生畸变。0.25mmol/L的芘胁迫28d后,叶绿素含量显著降低,拟南芥的光合作用过程受到抑制。随胁迫浓度的升高,拟南芥叶片中过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）的活性显著增强;过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性先上升后下降,不同浓度芘胁迫下,拟南芥叶片中过氧化氢的平均含量都高于对照。在亚细胞水平上的观察也证实芘处理的拟南芥叶片中叶绿体的数量相对减少,出现肿胀现象,叶肉细胞受到严重损伤,光合作用受阻。[结论]该研究可为PAHs对植物的致毒机理以及PAHs污染土壤的植物修复材料筛选提供一些参考。  相似文献   

云南德宏芳香植物资源介绍     

王应清  张丽萍  李文伟  高则睿 《热带农业科学》2011,31(10):68-72

德宏地区芳香植物资源丰富,德宏州芳香植物共有79种,分为60属23科。介绍它们的生物学特性、生态分布、海拔高度及其含油部位,指出该地区芳香植物开发利用的广阔前景。  相似文献   

冷凝法回收油气的经济性分析     

李成  李俊明 《油气储运》2013,(11):1206-1208

为分析冷凝法回收挥发油气的经济性,结合中国石化长岭分公司在油气装车时检测的由14种气体组成的油气混合物及其组分浓度数据,对采用三级冷凝工艺回收挥发油气的方案进行建模和计算.3级制冷系统分别采用R22、R404A和R508B作为制冷工质,得到各级制冷系统的制冷系数及其能量消耗结果,采用ChemCAD软件获得油气回收效率,通过计算求得制冷系统年平均运行能耗、运行费用、初期投资和收益.分析结果表明：采用冷凝法对油气进行回收时,该工艺系统投运一年内即可完全收回初期投资和当年运行费用,且当处理油气量为40 kg/h时,当年净盈利可以达到4.487 1×104元,年平均净收益远大于年平均总投资.（表5,图1,参4）  相似文献   

9个广西常规香稻品种香味及香味基因变异类型分析     

刘广林  李虎  吴子帅  罗群昌  李秋雯  朱其南  陈传华 《中国稻米》2022,28(6):54-58

为加快广西香稻品种选育及新育成品种的推广应用,利用感官法和仪器测定法对9个广西常规香稻品种的香味表型进行鉴定,利用吸嗅蒸汽法对其香味类型进行评价,并应用目前已经开发的6个香味基因变异类型的功能标记对其香味基因型进行鉴定。结果表明,感官法和仪器测定法鉴定结果一致,9个供试品种均为香稻品种;除桂野丰为芋头香型,其他8个品种均为爆米花香型;除桂茉香1号外,其他8个香稻品种均为第7外显子缺失8 bp变异类型。桂茉香1号香味评分75分,2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉含量74.838μg/kg,却不属于本研究检测的6种Badh2基因变异类型,有待进一步鉴定和研究。  相似文献   

Dispersal of Phytophthora nicotianae on tomatoes grown by nutrient film technique in a greenhouse     

G. Van Voorst  E. A. Van Os  J. C. Zadoks 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1987,93(4):195-199

Tomatoes were grown in a greenhouse by nutrient film technique (NFT). They were inoculated withPhytophthora nicotianae either by direct inoculation of roots or by adding fungal spores to a container with recirculating nutrient solution. In the first case, the resulting epidemic seemed to be polycyclic, in the second case monocyclic. In both cases, inoculum freely circulated through the NFT system and was present in the nutrient solutions for at least 6 days after inoculation.Samenvatting Kastomaten werden gekweekt met behulp van voedingsfilmtechniek. Zij werden geinoculeerd metPhytophthora nicotianae hetzij door directe besmetting van wortels, hetzij door een sporensuspensie toe te voegen aan het voorraadvat met voedingsoplossing. In het eerste geval leek een polycyclische epidemie te volgen. In het tweede geval ontstond een monomcyclische epidemie. In beide gevallen werd schimmelinoculum door het gehele gotensysteem rondgepompt. Inoculum bleef gedurende tenminste 6 dagen na inoculatie aantoonbaar in de voedingsoplossing.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Natural Chemical Compounds Against Root-lesion and Root-knot Nematodes and Side-effects on the Infectivity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cinta Calvet  Jorge Pinochet  Amèlia Camprubí  Victoria Estaún  Rodrigo Rodríguez-Kábana 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(6):601-605

The survival of two species of plant parasitic nematodes: the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus, and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica, was evaluated in saturated atmospheres of 12 natural chemical compounds. The infectivity of two isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices, under identical experimental conditions, was also determined. All the compounds tested exerted a highly significant control against M. javanica and among them, benzaldehyde, salicilaldehyde, borneol, p-anisaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde caused a mortality rate above 50% over P. brachyurus. The infectivity of G. intraradices was inhibited by cinnamaldehyde, salicilaldehyde, thymol, carvacrol, p-anisaldehyde, and benzaldehyde, while only cinnamaldehyde and thymol significantly inhibited mycorrhizal colonization by G. mosseae.  相似文献   

Computational chemistry study of the environmentally important acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of atrazine and related 2-chloro-s-triazines     

Sawunyama P  Bailey GW 《Pest management science》2002,58(8):759-768

Many chlorine-containing pesticides, for example 2-chloro-s-triazines, are of great concern both environmentally and toxicologically. As a result, ascertaining or predicting the fate and transport of these compounds in soils and water is of current interest. Transformation pathways for 2-chloro-s-triazines in the environment include dealkylation, dechlorination (hydrolysis), and ring cleavage. This study explored the feasibility of using computational chemistry, specifically the hybrid density functional theory method, B3LYP, to predict hydrolysis trends of atrazine (2-chloro-N4-ethyl-N6-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and related 2-chloro-s-triazines to the corresponding 2-hydroxy-s-triazines. Gas-phase energetics are described on the basis of calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Calculated free energies of hydrolysis (delta h G298) are nearly the same for simazine (2-chloro-N4,N6-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), atrazine, and propazine (2-chloro-N4,N6-di-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), suggesting that hydrolysis is not significantly affected by the side-chain amine-nitrogen alkyl substituents. High-energy barriers also suggest that the reactions are not likely to be observed in the gas phase. Aqueous solvation effects were examined by means of self-consistent reaction field methods (SCRF). Molecular structures were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G* level using the Onsager model, and solvation energies were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level using the isodensity surface polarizable continuum model (IPCM). Although the extent of solvent stabilization was greater for cationic species than neutral ones, the full extent of solvation is underestimated, especially for the transition state structures. As a consequence, the calculated hydrolysis barrier for protonated atrazine is exaggerated compared with the experimentally determined one. Overall, the hydrolysis reactions follow a concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) pathway.  相似文献   

土壤环境中多环芳烃的微生物降解及联合生物修复   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

邹德勋  骆永明  徐凤花  滕应  李振高 《土壤》2007,39(3):334-340

研究土壤环境中持久性有机污染物的生物降解及其生物修复技术是当今国际环境修复科学技术前沿领域的重要课题。本文重点论述了土壤环境中持久性有机污染物多环芳烃的微生物降解机理及其在生物修复中的应用等,并结合当前研究进展,展望了基于多种修复措施相结合的多环芳烃污染土壤联合生物修复工程技术的开发与应用前景。  相似文献   

干制对玫瑰花芳香品质的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郝瑞杰  程福慧  杨姝婷 《西北林学院学报》2022,37(2):127-132

玫瑰花是著名的药用、茶用材料,干制是其广泛采用的加工方式。为阐明玫瑰花朵干制过程中芳香物质的变化规律,以‘丰花’‘苦水’玫瑰为材料,采用烘箱干制不同时期的玫瑰花朵,并利用气相色谱质谱联用技术定量分析花朵烘干后芳香物质的含量情况。结果表明,采用50 ℃干燥条件,各品种开放花朵、花蕾分别需要烘干5.5、12 h达到质量恒定;玫瑰不同时期花朵干制后共检测出21种挥发成分,大蕾期、半开期检测到的挥发成分种类多于小蕾期与盛花期;定量分析干制后玫瑰花朵特征芳香成分,‘丰花’‘苦水’玫瑰中苯甲醇、苯乙醇、香茅醇等分别在大蕾期保存较多,盛花期保留最少。该研究的实施明确了玫瑰干制过程中芳香物质的保留规律,为进一步优化玫瑰干制技术体系,促进玫瑰产业健康发展提供了试验支持。  相似文献