硅钙钾镁肥配施黄腐酸钾对土壤酶活性及桃幼树生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙希武  彭福田  肖元松  张亚飞  郜怀峰  王国栋  贺月 《核农学报》2020,34(4):870-877

为探究硅钙钾镁肥配施黄腐酸钾对桃树生长的效应,以盆栽一年生瑞蟠21号毛桃(Amygdalus persica Linn.)为试验材料,设置3种不同施肥方式(T1:硅钙钾镁;T2:硅钙钾镁+黄腐酸钾;CK:空白对照),在桃幼树生长季进行追肥处理,研究硅钙钾镁肥及硅钙钾镁肥配施黄腐酸钾对土壤酶活性、土壤养分状况及桃幼树根系构型和植株生长的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,T1、T2均显著提高了桃幼树生长季各时期土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性,以及土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有效硅等含量,且配施黄腐酸钾后作用更明显。与CK相比,T1、T2细根比重分别提高了11.2%和26.2%,根系活力分别提高了12.2%和18.1%,根系总长度分别增加了28.1%和61.9%,且有效延缓了根系衰老;T1、T2植株总干重分别提高了1.2倍和2.0倍,根冠比分别提高了9.4%和17.0%,且差异显著。与CK相比,T1、T2各器官中全氮、全磷、全钾含量均显著增加,地上部硅含量分别提高了61.3%和91.9%,地下部硅含量分别提高了62.3%和102.5%,且差异显著。同时,T1、T2桃幼树叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率均显著提高。综上所述,硅钙钾镁肥可有效提高土壤酶活,促进桃幼树细根的生长,延缓根系衰老进程,增加氮、磷、钾、硅等营养元素积累量,提高叶片光合速率,促进植株生长;硅钙钾镁肥配施黄腐酸钾后,提高了土壤有效硅及植株硅含量,比单施硅钙钾镁肥效果更加显著。本研究结果为桃树合理施用硅钙钾镁肥提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

不同钾肥对再生水灌溉条件下土壤-作物系统Cd的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

景若瑶  崔二苹  樊向阳  胡超  李中阳  赵志娟  李松旌  刘源 《水土保持学报》2019,33(1):328-333,339

为了探明再生水灌溉条件下不同施钾肥处理对土壤-作物系统Cd的影响及差异性,通过田间微区试验研究了不同施钾肥处理对再生水灌溉番茄植株、果实以及根际土与非根际土Cd含量的影响。结果表明:再生水灌溉条件下,施钾肥处理可提高番茄果实产量,施加KCl较K2SO4增产效果明显,分别较不施肥处理可增产6.10%～24.00%和1.36%～13.16%;不施钾肥较不施肥处理番茄果实Cd含量降低,但降低幅度小于施加钾肥处理,施加KCl较K2SO4处理番茄果实Cd含量较低,Cd含量分别较不施钾肥处理分别减少58.33%和8.33%,且各处理均未超0.05mg/kg的限值标准;不施钾肥处理较不施肥处理土壤pH、Cd含量有所降低,降低幅度小于施钾肥处理,有效态Cd有所增加,施加KCl和K2SO4较不施肥处理有效态Cd降低,施加KCl和K2SO4较不施钾肥处理根际土和非根际土pH、Cd含量和有效态Cd含量均有所降低,其中施加KCl根际土和非根际土Cd含量分别降低2.96%～3.11%和5.75%～14.22%,施加K2SO4分别降低4.14%～5.90%和8.10%～8.29%;施加KCl根际土和非根际土有效态Cd含量分别降低10.75%～16.19%和13.98%～28.74%,施加K2SO4分别降低15.97%～20.55%和19.91%～24.70%。因此,再生水灌溉条件下,可通过选择施加适宜的钾肥种类,调控重金属Cd在土壤-作物系统的分布及其生物有效性,施加K2SO4较KCl相比,可一定程度降低土壤Cd全量及有效态Cd含量。  相似文献   

Potassium behavior and clay mineral composition in the soil with low effectiveness of potassium application     

Katashi Kubo  Takashi Hirayama  Shigeto Fujimura  Naoto Nihei  Shoichiro Hamamoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(2):265-271

ABSTRACT

Increasing exchangeable potassium (ExK) content in soil to an appropriate level is important to mitigate the transfer of radioactive cesium to crops. We focused on a buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) field with a low ExK content, despite the application of K, in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan (Field A), following the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Dai-ichi (No. 1) Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. We examined the relationship between K concentration and clay mineral composition in the soil of Field A and compared the findings with another field in Fukushima Prefecture (Field B) to clarify whether K applied to the soil was leached or remaining fixed. Pot experiments showed that K concentration in water seepage from pots following irrigation was significantly lower in pots from Field A than in those from Field B. Soil ExK content after soybean cultivation was lower in soils of Field A than those of Field B. These results indicate that K applied to Field A was fixed in the soil. Analysis of clay mineral composition confirmed the distinctive vermiculitic nature of Field A soils. This clay mineralogy would be associated with the higher K fixation ability of Field A than Field B soils. This study demonstrated that K fixation in vermiculite was a factor preventing the increase in ExK content from K application to Field A.  相似文献   

长期施用氮磷肥对(土娄)土钾素的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王蕊  王百群  王昊  张燕 《水土保持研究》2017,(4):53-58

以长期定位施肥与小麦一玉米轮作田间试验为平台,研究了施肥对(土娄)土土壤钾素的影响以及冬小麦生育期内(土娄)土土壤速效钾、缓效钾及微生物量钾的变化.结果表明:氮磷肥不同施用量对土壤全钾基本没影响,而对速效钾、缓效钾及微生物量钾的影响较大.土壤速效钾和缓效钾均随施肥量的增加而减少,而微生物量钾随施肥量的增加而增加,且0-20 cm土层土壤速效钾、缓效钾及微生物量钾含量均高于20-40 cm土层.小麦生育期内,土壤速效钾和微生物量钾含量的变化一致,均是先上升再下降,再上升,又下降的变化.土壤中微生物量钾与有机碳、全氮均呈显著正相关关系,而与土壤速效钾和缓效钾无显著相关关系.氮磷肥在一定施用量范围内,促进了土壤无机态钾素的消耗,而提高了土壤微生物量钾的含量.土壤钾素的这种变化是作物吸收、施肥等因素共同作用的结果.  相似文献   

紫云英与尿素或控释尿素配施对双季稻产量及氮钾利用率的影响   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7  

鲁艳红  廖育林  聂军  周兴  谢坚  杨曾平 《植物营养与肥料学报》2017,23(2):360-368

【目的】 了解化肥氮钾用量减少条件下不同比例紫云英与普通化肥尿素或控释尿素配施对双季稻产量及氮钾利用效率的影响,旨在为南方双季稻种植区制定科学减肥增效策略提供依据。 【方法】 通过连续 6 年定位田间小区试验,除对照不施肥外,试验的其他 5 个处理早稻施肥量均为 N 150 kg/hm2、P₂O₅ 75 kg/hm2、K₂O 120 kg/hm2,氮素以尿素、控释尿素、紫云英按处理比例配合和施用。分析了双季稻产量,植株氮、钾养分吸收积累、利用效率及土壤氮、钾养分含量。 【结果】 与 (CF100) 处理相比,早稻翻压紫云英鲜草 17145 kg/hm2 时,早、晚稻均减施氮 40%、减施钾 21% 条件下,氮肥采用尿素处理 (CF60 + A40) 或控释尿素处理 (CRU60 + A40) 以及早稻翻压紫云英鲜草 25715 kg/hm2,早、晚稻均减施 60% 氮、32% 钾条件下,氮肥采用控释尿素处理 (CRU40 + A60) 有利于早晚稻及全年产量的提高,其中以 CRU60 + A40 处理增产效果最佳。CF60 + A40 和 CRU60 + A40 处理早晚稻的稻谷、稻草和植株氮素及钾素积累量均较 CF100 提高,其中 CRU60 + A40 处理提高效果最明显。紫云英与尿素或控释尿素配施提高了早晚稻氮、钾养分利用效率,CF60 + A40、CF40 + A60、CRU60 + A40 和 CRU40 + A60 处理的氮肥和钾肥回收利用率、氮肥和钾肥农学效率以及氮肥和钾肥偏生产力均高于 CF100 处理。在紫云英替代和肥料等量施用条件下,施用控释尿素处理比施用尿素处理有利于提高养分利用效率。6 年 12 季水稻种植后,紫云英与尿素或控释尿素配施处理的土壤全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量均较 CF100 处理有所提高。 【结论】 综合考虑作物产量效应、养分高效利用及土壤肥力维持,在该区域双季稻种植体系中早稻可用紫云英替代 40% 氮肥、20% 钾肥,晚稻减施 40% 氮肥、20% 钾肥,氮肥品种采用控释尿素或尿素均可,采用控释尿素有进一步提高早稻紫云英的替代比例和晚稻氮钾肥减施比例潜力。   相似文献   

Nutritional response of seedling tomato plants under different lighting treatments     

Eva María Almansa  Antonio Espín  Rosa María Chica 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(4):467-475

In order to describe the effect of complementary artificial light supply on the nutrient status of tomato seedlings, fluorescent lamps were compared to each other. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations were measured (mg g^?1 dry matter). Blue, red and far-red relationships were established. The N, P and K higher concentration and uptake have been found under high efficiency fluorescent lamps. Phosphorus uptake increasing was observed at high levels of irradiation. Potassium concentration is significantly higher under compact fluorescent lamps. The relationship between ratios and N, P and K extractions were used as indicators of limitation for plant. The ratio N/P and N/K present a low relation with N extraction. The ratio N/P presents a significant correlation with P extraction, also the ratios N/K and P/K with K extraction. Significant differences in constant of lineal equation have been found in P/K ratio and K extraction.  相似文献   

Management practices to control premature senescence in Bt cotton     

Muhammad Faisal Bilal  Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid  Amir Shakeel  Andrew French  Muhammad Sarwar 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(14):1978-1992

Commercial cultivation of Bt cotton produced higher boll load which led to stiff inter-original competition for photosynthates, resulting in early cessation of growth (premature senescence) due to more availability of sink and less sources. To overcome this problem, field experiment was conducted during 2011 and 2012 using five treatments of plant growth manipulation viz. no fruiting branch removal (F₁), removal of first fruiting branch (F₂), removal of first and second fruiting branch (F₃), removal of all squares from first fruiting branch (F₄), removal of all squares from first and second fruiting branches (F₅), and three potassium (K) application rates viz. 50 kg ha^?1 (K₁), 100 kg ha^?1 (K₂), and 150 kg ha^?1 (K₃). More nodes above white flower were recorded in F₅, followed by F₃, while minimum were recorded in F₁. Among potassium levels, maximum nodes above white flower were recorded in K₃ followed by K₂ and K₁ during both years of study. Plant height recorded at physiological cutout stage or at maturity stage showed that plants gained more height with removal of all squares from first tosecond fruiting branches with higher potassium dose. Leaf K increased with increasing applied potassium and also with square/branch removal. So early removal of squares/fruiting branches along with higher potassium dose helped in delaying canopy senescence in Bt cotton.  相似文献   

干旱胁迫与正常供水钾肥影响甘薯光合特性及块根产量的差异   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

孙哲  史春余  刘桂玲  高俊杰  柳洪鹃  郑建利  张鹏 《植物营养与肥料学报》2016,22(4):1071-1078

【目的】干旱胁迫影响甘薯叶片光合特性及块根产量,研究通过施肥缓解干旱胁迫机理可为甘薯抗旱高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】选用食用型甘薯品种“泰中6号”为材料,以硫酸钾(K2SO4)为供试肥料,水分处理设为土壤最大持水量的60%~70%(正常供水W1)和30%~40%(干旱处理W0); 钾肥设K0、 K1、 K2、 K3四个水平,K2O用量分别为0、 12.0、 24.0和36.0 g/m2。分析不同钾肥用量对不同生长时期甘薯叶片相对含水量、 叶绿素荧光参数、 光合特性及收获期块根产量的影响。【结果】在干旱胁迫和正常灌水条件下,施钾处理均显著增加了甘薯叶面积和叶片叶绿素含量,提高净光合速率(Pn),增加光合产物的生产和积累,提高块根产量和收获指数。两种水分条件下,块根产量均以K2处理最高, 干旱胁迫下K2与K3处理差异显著,正常灌水处理不显著。两种水分条件下,甘薯叶片光合参数对钾肥的响应存在显著差异,干旱胁迫下施钾使叶片水分利用效率(WUE)增大,气孔导度(Gs)降低,气孔阻力增大,蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)降低,水分蒸腾量减少; 而正常灌水条件下上述指标对钾肥的响应趋势相反。两种水分条件下施钾均可以增大叶片相对含水量(RWC),提高实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm),但是干旱胁迫下施钾增幅较大。【结论】干旱胁迫下适量施钾可以提高甘薯的抗旱性,增加甘薯产量,过量施钾使甘薯产量显著降低,而正常水分供应时,稍多钾肥对产量影响不显著。干旱胁迫与正常灌水条件下施钾对叶片光合参数的调控效应存在显著差异。施用钾肥可增大叶面积,提高叶绿素含量和光合性能,调节叶片气孔关闭,增大叶片气孔阻力,减少水分蒸腾损失,增加叶片相对含水量,提高水分利用效率和净光合速率; 施钾还能提高叶片PSⅡ原初光能转换效率和实际光化学效率,减少过剩激发能对光合机构的破坏,提高甘薯叶片的光合能力。干旱条件下钾肥的调节功能优于正常水肥供应。  相似文献   

Influence of Rooting Media on Chrysopogon Zizanioides (L.) Roberty     

S. Jayashree  J. Rathinamala  M. Turan  P. Lakshmanaperumalsamy 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(7):965-978

The present study was carried out to find the influence of some organic materials on the optimum biomass production of Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty (Vetiver) using soil (S), vermicompost (VC), cow dung (CD) and coir pith (CP) at different ratios. The final day results showed that the ideal combination for the growth of the Vetiver is 1:1:1:1 v/v ratio of VC/CD/CP/S. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen (N)- phosphorus (P)- potassium (K), organic carbon (OC), and carbon (C)/N ratio showed in 1:1:1:1 v/v ratio of (VC/CD/CP/S), on 120th day were 7.3, 0.38 dS m^?1, 1.36%, 0.11%, 8.7%, 20.5% and C/N ratio is 15:1. The root and shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, number of culms, and total chlorophyll content of Chrysopogon zizanioides were 65cm, 197 cm, 312 g, 104.4 g, 36 culms/plant and 40.57 mg/g at 1:1:1:1 v/v ratio of (VC/CD/CP/S) treatment and compared to control sets, the increasing ratio were 6:1, 3:1, 12:1, 12:1, 3:1, 2:1 respectively.  相似文献   

海蓬子中高亲和钾离子转运体SbHKT1基因的克隆、表达及生物信息学分析     

高媛媛  张保龙  杨郁文  沈新莲  倪万潮 《广西农业生物科学》2010,(4):646-652

本研究利用RACE技术从真盐生植物海蓬子中获得了高亲和钾离子转运体SbHKT1基因1647bp完整的ORF框。序列分析结果表明,该基因编码548个氨基酸,分子量为62.10kD,理论等电点为9.33;氨基酸序列中第1个～第35个属信号肽序列,第197个～第537个属离子转运体（TrkH）家族特征序列;该基因编码的蛋白具有10个跨膜结构,N端跨膜区及中部膜上呈现明显的疏水性,C端及中部多个跨膜区呈现强疏水性,符合载体类运输蛋白的特点,因此推测SbHKT1蛋白为跨膜运输蛋白。Blast分析显示该蛋白与碱蓬SsHKT1氨基酸同源性高达77%,与冰叶日中花、赤桉和小麦HKT类蛋白的同源性分别为63%、52%和46%。SbHkt1基因表达存在组织特异性：正常生长条件在根、茎中表达较低,在叶片中几乎看不到表达;在高盐低钾的环境下,各组织表达明显升高,高盐低钾胁迫处理8h,其根部表达处于高峰期;经100μmol/L脱落酸处理4h,根部表达达到最高;干旱胁迫（20%PEG6000）处理2h,根部表达量明显上升。由此推断,该基因参与了植物在高盐低钾、渗透、干旱等非生物胁迫下的生理调控。由于目前已克隆的HKT类蛋白基因多来自非盐生植物,对盐生植物内源HKT基因的研究相对较少,因此,海蓬子内源HKT1基因的全长的获得有助于我们进一步研究该基因在高盐钾饥饿环境下运输钾离子,调节植物体内Na＋/K＋平衡的功能,对于揭示真盐生植物的耐盐机制,将其运用于非盐生植物,培育新的耐盐品种具有一定的意义。  相似文献