基于区域语义和边缘信息融合的作物苗期植株分割模型     

廖娟  陈民慧  张锴  邹禹  张顺  朱德泉 《农业机械学报》2021,52(12):171-181

为在自然环境下准确分割作物苗期植株,实现苗期植株定位及其表型自动化测量,本文提出一种融合目标区域语义和边缘信息的作物苗期植株分割网络模型。以U-Net网络构建主干网络,基于侧边深度监督机制,引导主干网络在提取特征时能感知植株边缘信息;利用空间空洞特征金字塔构建特征融合模块,融合主干网络和边缘感知模块提取的特征,融合后的特征图具有足够的细节信息和更强的语义信息;联合边缘感知的损失与特征融合的损失,构建联合损失函数,用于整体网络优化。实验结果表明,本文模型对不同数据集的作物植株的语义分割像素准确率高达0.962,平均交并比达到0.932;与U-Net、SegNet、PSPNet、DeepLabV3模型相比,本文模型在不同数据集上平均交并比最高提升0.07,对自然环境下作物苗期植株具有良好的分割效果和泛化能力,可为植株定位、对靶喷药、长势识别等应用提供重要依据。  相似文献   

基于评价模型的宁夏沙土春玉米最佳灌水施氮量研究     

严富来  张富仓  范兴科  王英  侯翔皓  何琼 《农业机械学报》2020,51(9):258-265

为分析不同水氮供应对宁夏沙土春玉米主要评价指标的影响,采用灌水和施氮2因素交互设计,灌水量设置3个水平(W0.6(0.6KcET0)、W0.8(0.8KcET0)和W1.0(KcET0),Kc为作物系数,ET0为潜在作物蒸发蒸腾量),施氮量设量4个水平:N150(150 kg/hm2)、N225(225 kg/hm2)、N300(300 kg/hm2)和N375(375 kg/hm2),进行了大田试验。结果表明:灌水量和施氮量的交互作用对产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)有极显著影响,对地上部干物质累积量和籽粒氮素累积量有显著影响;在相同灌水条件下,春玉米地上部干物质累积量、产量、WUE均随施氮量的增加先增加后减小。主成分分析法、隶属函数分析法、灰色关联度分析法与基于组合赋权的TOPSIS模型两两之间具有良好的相关性,各模型之间相关系数均值为0.465～0.787;基于整体差异组合评价模型得出W0.8N300评价值最高。考虑试验区年际降雨量分布不均,经回归分析拟合得出,当春玉米生育期内灌水量与有效降雨量之和为544 mm、施氮量为260 kg/hm2时,春玉米综合指标评价值最高(1.47),为适宜的春玉米滴灌灌水施肥量。本研究可为沙土地区春玉米滴灌施肥过程中水氮科学管理提供指导依据。  相似文献   

基于边缘检测和区域定位的玉米根茎导航线提取方法   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

宫金良  王祥祥  张彦斐  兰玉彬 《农业机械学报》2020,51(10):26-33

基于玉米根茎图像信息,提出一种基于边缘检测和区域定位的玉米根茎导航线提取方法。首先,利用最大类间方差法自动分割2G-R-B灰度图像,得到二值化图像,结合形态学处理、位置/面积去噪方法提高二值化图像质量,对去噪图像按列累加得到列像素累加曲线;针对传统方法得到的特征点中伪特征点较多的问题,引入高斯滤波器平滑累加曲线,并运用极值法减少玉米根茎伪特征点的干扰,在提取玉米茎秆边缘直线时,提出基于最远茎秆成像宽度的双侧边缘判别思路,通过扫描每条边缘直线的四边形封闭邻域有效剔除伪边缘直线;最后,根据边缘直线二次定位玉米的根茎区域范围,并剔除伪特征点,采用最小二乘线性拟合方法准确提取导航线。试验表明,本文算法处理一幅1280像素×720像素图像耗时约236ms,特征点拟合准确率为92%。与传统方法相比,本文算法精度高、实时性好,在缺苗、杂草较多和株距不标准的情况下仍具有较强的鲁棒性。  相似文献   

Upscaling as ecological information transfer: a simple framework with application to Arctic ecosystem carbon exchange     

Paul C. Stoy  Mathew Williams  Mathias Disney  Ana Prieto-Blanco  Brian Huntley  Robert Baxter  Philip Lewis 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(7):971-986

Transferring ecological information across scale often involves spatial aggregation, which alters information content and may bias estimates if the scaling process is nonlinear. Here, a potential solution, the preservation of the information content of fine-scale measurements, is highlighted using modeled net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of an Arctic tundra landscape as an example. The variance of aggregated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), measured from an airborne platform, decreased linearly with log(scale), resulting in a linear relationship between log(scale) and the scale-wise modeled NEE estimate. Preserving three units of information, the mean, variance and skewness of fine-scale NDVI observations, resulted in upscaled NEE estimates that deviated less than 4% from the fine-scale estimate. Preserving only the mean and variance resulted in nearly 23% NEE bias, and preserving only the mean resulted in larger error and a change in sign from CO₂ sink to source. Compressing NDVI maps by 70–75% using wavelet thresholding with the Haar and Coiflet basis functions resulted in 13% NEE bias across the study domain. Applying unique scale-dependent transfer functions between NDVI and leaf area index (LAI) decreased, but did not remove, bias in modeled flux in a smaller expanse using handheld NDVI observations. Quantifying the parameters of statistical distributions to preserve ecological information reduces bias when upscaling and makes possible spatial data assimilation to further reduce errors in estimates of ecological processes across scale.  相似文献   

我国各地区经济实力综合评价研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

汪波  甄志禄 《中国农机化》2009,(2)

介绍了主成分与聚类分析方法原理,以8项经济指标构建了综合反映各地区经济实力的评价体系,分析了经济指标间的关系和影响经济发展的主要因素,并对2006年我国大陆31个省(直辖市、自治区)的经济数据,利用多元统计中的主成分和聚类分析方法,对各地区综合经济实力进行了排序和分类.  相似文献   

铜仁地区城市化进程对策探讨     

黄廷安 《湖南农机》2009,36(1):50-52

城市化是区域经济发展的重头戏,是解决农村剩余劳动力的重要渠道。近几年,铜仁地区城市化发展取得一定成绩,第二产业和第三产业比重接近60％,城镇化接近30％,但发展过程仍存在比较多制约因素。加快铜仁城市化进程,应调整产业结构,发展第三产业,重点要突出经济发展和产业聚集这个基础。  相似文献   

Effect of 2, 3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on myocardial protection in cold cardioplegia     

OUYANG Jing-ping  LIU Yong-ming  ZHENG Han-qiao  WEI Lei  TU Shu-zhen  YANG Hai-lu  CUI Ye-jian 《园艺学报》2000,16(1):70-73

AIM: The effects of BDM on isolated rat heart in cold cardioplegia were studied. METHODS: Rat heart were subjected to cold cardioplegia at 4℃ for 8, 18 and 24 h.Then each heart was perfused (90 cm H₂O) in Langendorff model at 37℃ for 40 min. In the high K⁺ group(n=24) the hearts were preserved in St.Thomas cardioplegic solution, in BDM group(n=24) hearts were preserved in K-H solution with BDM 30 mmoL/L. RESULTS: After 18 h, heart rate and the coronary flow in BDM group were significantly higher than in high K⁺ group(P＜0.05). Activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in cell membrane and in mitochondrial membrane in the BDM group was significantly higher than high K⁺ group(P＜0.01). After 24 h, all hearts in high K⁺ group were dead, but were alive in BDM group. CONCLUSION: Under given experiment conditions, BDM did enhance the tolerance to cold ischemia significantly. The results showed that BDM may become a useful agent for prolong the storage period of heart in cold cardioglegia.  相似文献   

微波杀青对茶在制品物理特性影响的初探     

滑金杰  袁海波  王近近  江用文  董春旺  邓余良 《茶叶科学》2017,37(5)

以一芽一叶的福鼎大白茶鲜叶为原料,设定6个微波杀青的时间梯度(0、30、60、90、120、150 s),按时间点取样,测定在制品的含水率、容重、色差Lab值、长度、宽度等,研究微波杀青时间对茶在制品物理特性的影响。结果表明,随着微波杀青的进行,在制品的含水率在前90 s匀速缓慢下降,而后急速下降,容重在微波30 s后显著下降;茶在制品的平均相对长度差、相对宽度差和面积差呈现先降后升的趋势,在微波60~90 s时相对最小;在制品色差L值、|a|值、b值随着微波杀青的进行,呈先升后降的趋势,微波前90 s均较鲜叶有显著提升,而后显著下降。相关性分析表明,微波杀青时间和含水率均对L值、|a|值、b值、相对长度差等呈显著影响,总体上看以微波杀青60~90 s最有利于获得较优的外形属性。  相似文献   

9个穗分枝裸大麦突变体的穗部特性及其差异分析     

沈真辉  李静烨  陈升位  莫凡  李应秋  蒲雄艳  吴海燕  黄文甫  罗平 《麦类作物学报》2017,(1):66-72

穗分枝突变体是大麦穗发育研究的重要种质。利用EMS诱变北青7号的成熟种子,再通过连续7年自交繁殖选育了9个裸大麦穗分枝突变(Ynbs)株系。在不同世代中9个Ynbs株系的穗分枝性状均可稳定遗传,多联穗明显退化,每个主穗着生2~5个分枝穗和10.53±0.53~13.23±0.22个多联穗,每个分枝穗具有1~3个分枝穗轴节,每个多联穗着生10~15个小花。为系统了解Ynbs株系的穗部特性差异,分析了不同材料多联穗数、小花数、结实粒数、结实率、穗茎轴长、穗长、穗轴节数和百粒重的表型差异和偏相关性。结果表明,多联穗数等8个穗部性状在不同材料间均有显著或极显著差异,9个Ynbs株系的多联穗数、结实率和百粒重显著低于诱变亲本,但其小花数极显著高于诱变亲本,多联穗减少、小花增多、结实率和百粒重下降是9个Ynbs株系的共有突变性状;穗分枝性状与多联穗数、结实粒数、结实率、穗长和百粒重5个穗部性状呈极显著偏相关,偏相关系数分别为-0.524、0.584、-0.646、0.418和-0.563。9个Ynbs株系具有穗分枝、多联穗退化、小穗增多等特性,是大麦穗发育等研究的不可替代种质。  相似文献   

Impact of land‐use intensity on the relationships between vegetation indices,photosynthesis and biomass of intensively and extensively managed grassland fens          下载免费PDF全文

C. M. H. Metzger  J. Heinichen  T. Eickenscheidt  M. Drösler 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(1):50-63

Vegetation indices are widely used as model inputs and for non‐destructive estimation of biomass and photosynthesis, but there have been few validation studies of the underlying relationships. To test their applicability on temperate fens and the impact of management intensity, we investigated the relationships between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), brown and green above‐ground biomass and photosynthesis potential (PP). Only the linear relationship between NDVI and PP was management independent (R² = 0·53). LAI to PP was described by a site‐specific and negative logarithmic function (R² = 0·07–0·68). The hyperbolic relationship of LAI versus NDVI showed a high residual standard error (s.e.) of 1·71–1·84 and differed between extensive and intensive meadows. Biomass and LAI correlated poorly (R² = 0·30), with high species‐specific variability. Intensive meadows had a higher ratio of LAI to biomass than extensive grasslands. The fraction of green to total biomass versus NDVI showed considerable noise (s.e. = 0·13). These relationships were relatively weak compared with results from other ecosystems. A likely explanation could be the high amount of standing litter, which was unevenly distributed within the vegetation canopy depending on the season and on the timing of cutting events. Our results show there is high uncertainty in the application of the relationships on temperate fen meadows. For reliable estimations, management intensity needs to be taken into account and several direct measurements throughout the year are required for site‐specific correction of the relationships, especially under extensive management. Using NDVI instead of LAI could reduce uncertainty in photosynthesis models.  相似文献