Effects of enhanced supplies of nitrogen and sulphur on rhizosphere and soil chemistry in a Norway spruce stand in SW Sweden     

H. Majdi  J. Bergholm 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(3):1777-1782

Rhizophere and bulk soil chemistry were investigated in a Norway spruce stand in SW Sweden. The rhizosphere and bulk soil chemistry in water extracts in control plots (C) and plots repeatedly treated with ammonium sulphate (NS) were compared. Treatment regime was started in 1988. Cylindrical core samples of the LFH-layer and mineral soil layers were collected in 1992 and used for water extract analyses. Samples of soil from LFH-layer and mineral soil layers were taken in 1991 and 1993 for determination of CEC and base saturation. Soil pH and NH₄-N, NO₃-N and SO₄-S, Al, Ca, K and Mg concentrations in water extracts were measured for rhizosphere and bulk soils. The pH-values of bulk and rhizosphere soils in NS plots decreased compared with those in control plots, whereas concentrations of NH₄-N, NO₃-N, SO₄-S, base cations and Al in water extract increased. In both bulk and rhizosphere soils the concentration of NH₄-N was much higher than that of NO₃-N. A significant difference in the pH and Mg concentration of bulk and rhizosphere soil between the treated and control plots was found only in the 0–10 cm layer. For all layers, there was a significant difference in NH₄-N concentrations in the bulk and rhizosphere soil between the NS treatment and control plots. Concentrations of exchangeable base cations and the base saturation level in the LFH-layer decreased in the NS plots. The concentration of extractable SO₄-S increased in the NS plots. The NS treatment enhanced the amount of litter in L-layer, owing to increases in needle biomass and litterfall but led to losses of base cations, mainly K and Mg, from LFH-layer. It was concluded that the NS treatment displaced cations from exchangeable sites in the LFH-layer leading to higher concentrations of these elements in both rhizosphere and bulk soil.  相似文献   

含颗粒液态食品通电加热研究动态   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

周亚军  殷涌光  刘微  姚婷 《农业工程学报》2004,20(1):26-29

通过对国内外含颗粒液态食品通电加热研究分析,介绍了含颗粒液态食品通电加热的原理和加工特性,总结出影响通电加热食品品质的因素,概述了通电加热技术在含颗粒食品中的研究动态,阐述了含颗粒食品通电加热中数学模型的应用现状,指出含颗粒液态食品通电加热研究中存在的问题,为今后研究及发展趋势提出了建议.对进一步深入研究含颗粒液态食品通电加热的加工特性、影响因子及其应用具有参考价值和指导意义.  相似文献   

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus aggregatum) influences biotransformation of arsenic in the rhizosphere of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Venecio U. Y. ULTRA Jr    Sota TANAKA  Katsutoshi SAKURAI  K&#;z&#; IWASAKI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2007,53(4):499-508

  相似文献   

接种溶磷真菌对玉米和大豆根际细菌群落结构多样性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Guang-Hu  JIN Jian  XU Mei-N  PAN Xiang-Wen  C. TANG 《土壤圈》2007,17(2):191-199

Application of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms （PSMs） has been reported to increase P uptake and plant growth. However, no information is available regarding the ecological consequences of the inoculation with PSMs. The effect of inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing fungal （PSF） isolates Aspergillus niger P39 and Penicillium oxalicum P66 on the bacterial communities in the rhizospheres of maize （Zea mays L. ‘Haiyu 6＇） and soybean （Glycine max Merr. ‘Heinong 35＇） was examined using culture-dependent methods as well as a culture-independent method, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE）. Compared with the control, the number of culturable microbes for soybean was significantly greater with P39, whereas for maize, the same was significantly greater with P66. In addition, a greater number of microbes were found in the rhizosphere of maize compared with soybean. The fingerprint of DGGE for 16S rDNA indicated that inoculation with PSF also increased bacterial communities, with the P66 treatment having higher numbers of DGGE bands and a higher Shannon-Weaver diversity index compared with P39; the composition of the microbial community was also more complex with the P66 treatment. Overall, complex interactions between plant species and exotic PSMs affected the structure of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere, but plant species were more important in determining the bacterial community structure than the introduction of exotic microorganisms.  相似文献   

水稻根际氮素状况及其利用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

HUANG Jian-Guo  YUAN Ling 《土壤圈》1995,5(4):325-332

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with hybrid rice(Oryza Sativa L.) in order to study N Status and utilization in the rhizosphere of rice,The experiment was composed of three treatments:without N,15NH4-N and 15NO3-N .Plant roots were separated from the soil by a nylon cloth,and 1 mm increments of soil,moving laterally away from the roots,were taken and analyzed for various N froms.The labelled N in the plants ranged from 67\51%to 69.24% of the total amount of N absorbed by the rice seedlings with the labelled fertilizer N treatments.This shows that the N in the Plants came mainly from the fertilizers.However,the N absorbed by the rice seedlings accounted for less than 35% of the total amount of the N depletion in the soil near the rice roots,indicating an important N loss in the rhizosphere of rice.The soil redox potential(all treatments)and the concentration of the labelled NO3-N(the labelled NH4-N treatment only) decreased as the distance from the rice roots increased in the rhizosphere of rice.In contrast,the concentration of the labelled NH4-N increased as the distance uincreased in the same soil zone.These results suggested that nifrification occurred in the soil around the rice roots.Therefore,the reason for the N loss in the rhizosphere of rice might be the NO3 movement into the reductive non-rhizosphere soil(submerged) where denitrification can take place.  相似文献   

抗病性不同大豆品种根面及根际微生物区系的变化 Ⅱ.连作大豆(重茬)根面及根际微生物区系的变化   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

陈宏宇  李晓鸣  王敬国 《植物营养与肥料学报》2006,12(1):104-108

采用平板计数法测定了两个抗根腐病连作大豆品种生育期间根面和根际微生物区系动态变化。结果表明,两个品种大豆根面细菌随生育期增加呈递减趋势,品种间无差异。合丰25(H25)的根际细菌数量随生育期呈递减趋势,绥农10号(S10)根际细菌数量从三叶期到鼓粒初期不断增加,到成熟期又急剧减少。感病品种H25根瘤重明显低于抗病品种S10。H25根面真菌和镰孢霉总数在三叶期和成熟期均高于S10,苗期是根腐病的主要发病期。总之,在连作条件下,无论抗病品种还是感病品种大豆成熟期其根面和根际细菌减少,真菌和主要病原菌(镰孢霉Fusarium)都会大量富集,表明根系分泌物对根面和根际的微生物种群有选择性地促进或抑制作用。  相似文献   

抗病性不同大豆品种根面及根际微生物区系的变化 Ⅰ.非连作大豆(正茬)根面及根际微生物区系的变化   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

陈宏宇  李晓鸣  王敬国 《植物营养与肥料学报》2005,11(6):804-809

采用平板计数法测定了3个抗病性不同的大豆品种在生育期内根面和根际微生物区系的变化情况,并应用荧光计数法直接测定了根际细菌和真菌的生物量。结果表明,土体的微生物种类最丰富、根际的次之、根面的较单一。播种后从三叶期到鼓粒初期,根面和根际的可培养细菌总数随生育期逐渐增加,鼓粒初期达最大值,而成熟期则有明显的下降;大豆根际细菌生物量也存在相同的变化规律。抗病性不同的大豆品种其根面、根际可培养细菌总数存在差异;抗病品种大豆的根瘤重明显高于感病品种。种植一季后感病品种根际积累的病原生物(镰孢霉Fusarium.sp.和大豆胞囊线虫Heterodera.glycines的胞囊数)明显高于抗病品种。说明大豆根系分泌物对微生物具有选择性的促进或抑制作用,不同大豆品种以及同一大豆品种在不同生育时期根系分泌物的组成和数量不同,从而使大豆根面及根际形成了特定的微生物区系组成。  相似文献   

Ammonium‐driven nitrification plays a key role in increasing Mn availability in calcareous soils     

Michael Dreyer  Merle Wichmann  Marie Rischen  Bruno M. Görlach  Annika Ehmke  Britta Pitann  Karl H. Mühling 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2020,183(3):389-396

Background : Manganese deficiency often becomes a yield limiting factor, particularly on calcareous soils, even though the total soil manganese content is usually sufficient. Although it is known that acidifying N fertilizers can improve Mn availability, the reason of this effect is still unknown. Aim : Our aim was to investigate the effect of stabilized ammonium fertilizers as a tool to distinguish between physiological‐ and nitrification‐induced acidification. Method : Two pot experiments with Triticum aestivum L. and one soil incubation experiment using different nitrogen forms (CN = calcium nitrate, AN = ammonium nitrate, AS = ammonium sulfate, ATS = ammonium thiosulfate) with and without addition of nitrification inhibitors (DCD, Nitrapyrin, Piadin, DMPP) were conducted to examine the effect on Mn availability in the soil and Mn uptake by the plants at different development stages (EC 31 und 39). Results : With increasing fertilizer ${\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}$ content a higher Mn concentration was detected: CN: 32 µg Mn g^?1 DM, AN: 39 µg Mn g^?1 DW, AS: 55 µg Mn g^?1 DM, ATS: 109 µg Mn g^?1 DM. The addition of a nitrification inhibitor resulted in a significantly lower rhizosphere pH compared to the non‐stabilized fertilizer. Surprisingly, the use of different nitrification inhibitors led to unchanged (CN, AN) or lower Mn concentrations of wheat. Especially in the ${\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}$ treatments (AS and ATS), this negative effect was very evident (AS+DCD: 42 µg Mn g^?1 DM; ATS+DCD: 55 µg Mn g^?1 DM). Conclusions : Mn availability was enhanced by ongoing nitrification process rather than physiological acidification. Compared to other N forms, ammonium thiosulfate led to the highest Mn availability in bulk soil.  相似文献   

分次施氮对水稻根际土壤微生物生态效应的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

汪华  杨京平  徐伟  马维娜 《水土保持学报》2006,20(4):123-126

研究了分次施氮条件，施氮对水稻根际土壤微生物生态效应的影响，结果表明：水稻根际土壤微生物生态效应不仅仅受到根际土壤微生物的影响，同时也受到水稻生长状态的影响。一般来说，水稻生长旺盛的时候，水稻根系与根际土壤微生物竞争营养元素，导致水稻根际微生物活性的下降。在水稻生长周期内，水稻根际土壤微生物生物量C与根际土壤酶等变化不一致。分次施氮条件下，施氮对根际微生物生物量C、磷酸酶、脲酶、总蛋白和总酚有一定的影响，尤其是在水稻生长的后期，4次施氮全部完成后，施氮与不施氮表现出明显的差异。  相似文献   

长江口潮滩植物根际沉积物磷的累积及其生物有效性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

欧冬妮  刘敏  侯立军  刘巧梅  黄玥 《土壤通报》2004,35(3):290-294

通过对长江口潮滩植物生物量及根际沉积物中磷的赋存形态和含量的研究,结果表明各个采样点的海三棱草从春季开始生长并一直延续到初夏,到7月其生物量基本上都达到一个峰值。海三棱草根际沉积物中磷的赋存形态包括弱吸附态磷(Ad-P)、铁结合态磷(Fe-P)、自生磷灰石及钙结合态磷[(Ap+Ca)-P]、碎屑态磷(De-P)和有机磷(OP),它们都具有较好的季节性变化,在一定程度上都受到氧化还原状态的控制。文中还研究了根际沉积物孔隙水中的磷酸盐含量,发现其有效性受到了氧化还原状态及沉积物中铁的影响。  相似文献