稻虾综合种养对稻田土壤肥力和金属元素含量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

喻记新  李为  刘家寿  熊飞  苑晶  张堂林 《水产学报》2021,45(3):453-461

为研究稻虾综合种养对稻田土壤肥力和金属元素含量的影响,对潜江市稻虾综合种养田(渔沟以TRC表示、田面以PRC表示)和水稻单作田(以RM表示,作为对照)土壤不同土层(0～10 cm、10～20 cm和20～30 cm)的主要肥力指标和金属元素含量进行了对比。结果显示,各土层总氮、速效磷和总磷含量均表现出PRC RM TRC的趋势,有机质(20～30 cm土层除外)、氨氮含量表现出RM PRC TRC的趋势,硝态氮含量表现出TRC PRC RM的趋势。各土层的Cu、As、Mg和Mn含量均表现出TRC PRCRM的趋势,而Cd、Pb、Fe和Ca含量的变化趋势与之相反;除0～10 cm土层外,Cr、Zn和Ni含量在TRC、PRC和RM之间均无显著差异。根据《GB 15618—2018》中的污染风险筛选值,各土层的Cr、Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni、As含量均未超标,而Cu含量普遍超标,超标率的范围为14%～46%。研究表明,稻虾综合种养可能会促进田面土壤中氮磷的积累、降低渔沟土壤氮磷的含量,也可能引起土壤中Cu、As、Mg、Mn的积累及Cd、Pb、Fe和Ca的减少。  相似文献   

Zn对AM真菌侵染紫云英转化根的影响     

贾胜洁  林会  黄武  刘丰川  赵斌 《湖北农业科学》2012,(4):685-688,692

分别建立丛枝菌根(AM)真菌Gigaspora margarita、Gigaspora rosea和Glomus intraradices与紫云英转化根双重共培养体系,并利用该体系研究不同Zn浓度对单接种与混合接种AM真菌侵染紫云英转化根的影响。结果表明,0.1 mmol/L Zn提高了大部分处理的根段侵染率、菌丝密度以及P的吸收,0.5mmol/L Zn抑制了AM真菌菌丝的生长,但能增加部分处理转化根对P的吸收。0.1 mmol/L Zn浓度下,单接种Glomus intraradices、混合接种Gigaspora margarita与Glomus intraradices的根段侵染率最高,并且在混合侵染根段中Glomus intraradices根段侵染率比Gigaspora margarita高12%。  相似文献   

Bioactive berry juice byproducts as alternative and natural inhibitors forSalmonella Gallinarum andSalmonella Pullorum     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2015,24(2):186-197

Fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, caused bySalmonella enterica serovars Gallinarum biovarsSalmonella Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) andSalmonella Pullorum (S. Pullorum), remain large threat to the organic poultry industry. These infections are serious threats to poultry health and overall flock viability especially at their early age. These avian pathogens cause a significant production loss and price increase of poultry products especially organic poultry products due to lack of antibiotics use. As a result, alternative intervention strategies have become an urgent demand of the farmers. Natural antimicrobials from plant products, such as bioactive compounds from berry juice byproducts can play important role in such a situation. In this study, we showed that blackberry and blueberry pomace extracts inhibitedS. Gallinarum andS. Pullorum growth in vitro. Two mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mL blackberry or blueberry pomace extract reduced the growth of both pathogens by more than 5 logs at 24 h in broth. In semisolid poultry fecal medium, which contains poultry gut nutrients available to the gut bacteria, 1.0 mg GAE/mL of both extracts reduced the growth of these pathogens by more than 2 logs at 24, 48, and 72-h time points.S. Gallinarum andS. Pullorum were completely inhibited by 1.0 mg GAE/mL both extracts in water. The growth of probioticLactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) was unaffected in the presence of berry pomace extracts in broth but growth stimulation was observed in fecal medium when grown in presence of these extracts at 72 h. Moreover,L. plantarum completely inhibitedS. Gallinarum andS. Pullorum when co-cultured in fecal medium in the presence of 1.0 mg GAE/mL of both pomace extracts. In this study, we conclude that bioactive extracts from berry pomace are potential antimicrobials for organic producers which will modulate poultry gut microflora and improve productivity, product safety, and quality.  相似文献   

不同物种输卵管上皮细胞培养、纯度检测及支持小鼠胚胎发育的能力   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

谭秀文  马所峰  刘新勇  张霞  兰国成  于建宁  张俊功  谭景和 《畜牧兽医学报》2006,37(9):878-882

针对不同物种采用不同方法培养小鼠、山羊和鸡输卵管上皮细胞(OECs)并检测上皮细胞纯度,在此基础上比较了它们支持小鼠胚胎发育的能力。结果表明,3种细胞都能很好地生长,培养的细胞几乎全为上皮细胞(Vi-mentin单克隆抗体检测显示,小鼠、山羊和鸡OECs的阳性细胞率分别为2.4±0.3、1.3±0.3和1.8±0.4)。昆明白小鼠原核胚与小鼠、山羊和鸡OECs共培养,发育到囊胚的比例分别为61.7%、57.2%和56.2%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明鸡和山羊OECs能很好地支持小鼠胚胎发育。  相似文献   

共培养系统的体细胞类型和状态对猪胚胎早期发育的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

钱云  师蔚群  朱猛进  丁家桐  刘嘉茵  刘红林 《中国兽医学报》2002,22(3):299-302

经体外成熟、受精和培养获得猪胚胎 ,采用体细胞共培养研究了体细胞类型和状态对胚胎早期发育的影响。取体外成熟的不同直径卵泡 (>5 m m,2～ 5 mm)卵母细胞的卵丘团 (颗粒细胞团 ) ,培养铺层后与猪受精卵共培养 ,组间受精卵的卵裂率和发育能力无显著差异 ;根据卵巢的状况对猪输卵管上皮细胞 (POECs)的状态进行分组 ,受精卵和卵巢表面布满卵泡的 POECs共培养 ,卵裂率显著低于卵巢表面有黄体和 /或红体的 POECs共培养组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,虽然各组间 3～ 4-细胞的发育率无显著差异 ,但卵巢表面有红体和卵泡的 POECs共培养组的 >4-细胞的发育率显著高于卵巢表面布满卵泡的 POECs共培养组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;受精卵在共培养系统和非共培养系统中的卵裂率无显著差异 ,受精卵非共培养系统中 3～ 4-细胞的发育能力显著低于颗粒细胞共培养组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,极显著低于 POECs共培养组 (P<0 .0 1) ,无能力突破 4-细胞继续发育 ,与颗粒细胞单层、POECs单层共培养的受精卵 >4-细胞的发育率分别为 2 4.0 %、5 3.8% ,差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。结果表明 ,共培养系统对胚胎体外发育的作用 ,一方面与体细胞类型有关 ,另一方面也受输卵管上皮细胞状态的影响  相似文献   

Blastomere content of cultured/frozen bovine demiembryos.     

M Schmidt  S D Smith  B Avery  B Purwantara  T Greve 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1992,33(4):363-367

The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether a period of co-culture with bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC) could improve the tolerance of bisected bovine embryos to freezing and thawing. Day 6 embryos were bisected and the resulting demiembryos were stained with Hoechst 33342 and cell counts were made by counting intact blastomere nuclei. Of these, 11 were stained as freshly manufactured demiembryos, 25 after co-culture for 24 h with BOEC and 37 stained after 24 h co-culture and freezing and thawing. The staining revealed, that there was no significant difference in cell count of demiembryos that were stained immediately after bisection, compared to those, that were co-cultured for a 24 h period. Also, the co-cultured/frozen/thawed demiembryos had a significant decrease in cell numbers compared to the non-frozen demiembryos. We conclude, that a 24 h period of co-culture with BOEC does not result in appreciable cellular proliferation in demiembryos and therefore instead of improving the survival of frozen/thawed demiembryos by giving them opportunity to multiply their cell number and thus make them more resistant to cell damage, rather compromised the viability of cryopreserved demiembryos.  相似文献   

作物-鱼共作对淡水养殖系统N₂O排放的影响     

鲍婷  王梦杰  吴俊男  刘耀斌  李凤博  冯金飞  方福平 《农业环境科学学报》2021,40(6):1344-1353

以作物[粳稻（Oryza sativa L.subsp.japonica Kato）、籼稻（Oryza sativa L.subsp.sativa）、小白菜（Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis）和空心菜（Ipomoea aquatic Forsk）]-黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）共作为例,探索不同类型作物与鱼共作对养殖水体N₂O产生和排放的影响。利用静态箱和顶空平衡-气相色谱法,测量水稻/蔬菜-黄颡鱼共作系统N₂O排放通量和上覆水与土壤孔隙水N₂O浓度。不同作物-鱼共作对养殖水体N₂O排放均有显著消减作用。与单养鱼处理相比,籼稻-鱼共作、粳稻-鱼共作、空心菜-鱼共作和小白菜-鱼共作处理N₂O排放量分别减少82.1%、69.2%、67.9%和60.3%。稻-鱼共作可以同时减少上覆水和土壤孔隙水中N₂O浓度,但菜-鱼共作仅减少上覆水中N₂O浓度。稻-鱼共作显著降低养殖水体TN、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和底泥NH₄⁺-N、DON浓度,菜-鱼共作仅显著降低养殖水体NO₃^--N浓度。作物-鱼共作处理显著增加养殖前期底泥中nirK和nosZ基因丰度,对nirS基因丰度没有显著影响。作物-鱼共作处理对鱼产量没有显著影响,但是获得额外的作物产品,显著提高了系统氮素养分利用率。与单养鱼相比,水稻和蔬菜与鱼共作均能显著减少N₂O排放,提高养殖系统氮素利用率。籼稻-鱼共作的减排效应要优于其他3种共作处理。  相似文献   

Isoquinolinequinone Derivatives from a Marine Sponge (Haliclona sp.) Regulate Inflammation in In Vitro System of Intestine     

Yun Na Kim  Yeong Kwang Ji  Na-Hyun Kim  Nguyen Van Tu  Jung-Rae Rho  Eun Ju Jeong 《Marine drugs》2021,19(2)

Using bio-guided fractionation and based on the inhibitory activities of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), eight isoquinolinequinone derivatives (1–8) were isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona sp. Among these, methyl O-demethylrenierate (1) is a noble ester, whereas compounds 2 and 3 are new O-demethyl derivatives of known isoquinolinequinones. Compound 8 was assigned as a new 21-dehydroxyrenieramycin F. Anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were tested in a co-culture system of human epithelial Caco-2 and THP-1 macrophages. The isolated derivatives showed variable activities. O-demethyl renierone (5) showed the highest activity, while 3 and 7 showed moderate activities. These bioactive isoquinolinequinones inhibited lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma-induced production of NO and PGE2. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and the phosphorylation of MAPKs were down-regulated in response to the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation. In addition, nuclear translocation was markedly promoted with a subsequent increase in the expression of HO-1. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that the hydroxyl group in 3 and 5, and the N-formyl group in 7 may be key functional groups responsible for their anti-inflammatory activities. These findings suggest the potential use of Haliclona sp. and its metabolites as pharmaceuticals treating inflammation-related diseases including inflammatory bowel disease.  相似文献   

杀线虫解淀粉芽胞杆菌Sneb709与费氏中华根瘤菌Sneb183共培养发酵条件优化          下载免费PDF全文

李佳娣  赵劲捷  范海燕  朱晓峰  王媛媛  刘晓宇  段玉玺  陈立杰 《中国生物防治学报》2021,37(4):771-784

根结线虫可引起作物发生严重的土传病害,生物防治是持续控制此类病害的有效措施。本实验室前期筛选获得多株杀线虫活性的芽胞杆菌和根瘤菌,本研究将解淀粉芽胞杆菌Sneb709与费氏中华根瘤菌Sneb183进行共培养后发现,共培养发酵液对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫J2活性显著提高,因此本文利用响应面法对其发酵条件进行优化,获得更好的生防效果。以J2的校正死亡率为指标,采用单因素法、最陡爬坡法和响应面法设计并优化共培养菌株的发酵液培养基成分以及培养条件,确定共培养发酵液的最适培养基成分为：山梨糖1.98 g/L、黄豆粉1.06 g/L、花生饼粉2.08 g/L;最佳发酵条件为：温度30.4℃、初始pH 6.49、装液量103.15 mL。使用优化条件对两个菌株进行共培养后,其发酵液对J2的毒杀活性显著提高,提升至84.17%,使用发酵罐验证,共培养发酵液的毒杀活性提升了24.72%。该结果为共培养菌株有效的活性产物分离提取等后续研究及杀线虫生防菌的产业化提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

一株拮抗香蕉枯萎病的青霉菌的分离及鉴定   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王宇光 卢 娟孙建波  夏启玉卢雪华 张 欣 《中国农学通报》2011,27(4):178-182

从海南土壤中分离到一株对香蕉枯萎病病原菌有较强拮抗作用的霉菌菌株QW1,对该菌株进行了显微特征、菌落特征以及26S rDNA序列分析。该菌株在土豆葡萄糖培养基上生长的内生菌丝无横隔膜;孢子梗顶端膨大成帚状;单个分生孢子为椭圆形,蓝色;产有性孢子。菌落生长开始为白色,培养成熟后,气丝逐渐因产生孢子由白色变蓝色。以26S rDNA序列为基础构建了相关种属在内的系统发育树,其与青霉菌株的26S rDNA序列的同源性大于为99%。将该菌株鉴定为青霉菌。将该菌株和香蕉枯萎病病菌在土壤中进行了共培养研究,结果表明,该菌株在土壤中有较强的生长力,并表现出较好的对香蕉枯萎病的抗性。  相似文献