增密减氮对弱筋小麦‘宁麦13’产量和品质的影响     

徐俊  姚远  钱晨诚  丁锦峰  李春燕  朱新开  郭文善  朱敏 《中国农学通报》2021,37(14):1-8

为实现弱筋小麦优质稳产,解决当前弱筋小麦存在品质稳定性差的问题。本试验以弱筋小麦‘宁麦13’为试材,结合方差分析等方法研究增密减氮对弱筋小麦的产量、群体质量指标以及籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,在240 kg/hm²施氮水平条件下,随着密度的增加,小麦LAI、干物质积累量均呈先增加后下降的趋势,密度超过240×10⁴/hm²会导致LAI、干物质积累量、产量下降。在240×10⁴/hm²密度条件下,施氮量超过240 kg/hm²会导致小麦叶面积指数、SPAD值、花后干物质积累量和产量下降。适当的增密减氮有利于提高弱筋小麦的优质稳产,而过量增密减氮则会导致小麦产量下降,品质不稳定。为实现产量和品质的最优化,生产上推荐采用种植密度为240×10⁴/hm²,施氮量为180 kg/hm²,氮肥运筹为7:1:2:0的栽培模式。  相似文献   

The priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap of summer maize in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai region,China          下载免费PDF全文

Yue-e LIU  Yu-xin LI  Tian-fang LÜ  Jin-feng XING  Tian-jun XU  Wan-tao CAI  Yong ZHANG  Jiu-ran ZHAO  Rong-huan WANG 《农业科学学报》2021,20(2):450-459

Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha~(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)fertilizer(11.95%)hybrids(8.19%)irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)plant density(4.84%)fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.  相似文献   

Biochar has little effect on soil dissolved organic carbon pool 5 years after biochar application under field condition     

Xinliang Dong  Bhupinder Pal Singh  Guitong Li  Qimei Lin  Xiaorong Zhao 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(3):466-477

Biochar application can improve soil properties, such as increasing soil organic carbon content, soil pH and water content. These properties are important to soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC); however, the effects of biochar on DOC concentration and composition have received little research attention, especially several years after biochar application under field conditions. This study was conducted in a long‐term experimental field where the biochar was only applied once in 2009. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different biochar application rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 t ha^?1) on the dynamics of soil water content, DOC concentration and DOC compositions (reducing sugar, soluble phenol and aromatics) over nine samplings during a 12‐month period in 2014. Our results showed that soil water content and DOC concentration varied from 7.1% to 14.5% and 59 to 230 mg C kg^?1 soil during the 12 months, respectively. However, the biochar application rates did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect soil water content, DOC concentration and DOC composition at the same sampling period. The DOC concentration across the biochar treatments was positively correlated to soil water content. Moreover, the DOC composition (reducing sugar, soluble phenol or aromatics) and their concentrations were positively correlated to the total DOC concentration. In addition, biochar did not affect soil bulk density, pH, saturated hydraulic conductivity and crop yields. The results indicated that some benefits of biochar to soil may not persist 5 years after the application of biochar under a field condition.  相似文献   

影响静止中心(QC)细胞分裂的EMS突变体库构建与筛选分析     

刘文桂  须健 《湖北农业科学》2016,(5):1307-1310

采用正向遗传学方法,以转基因拟南芥(Arabidopsis)SCRGVG UAS∶∶axr3-1为材料来进行EMS诱变。通过外源施加激素DEX诱导GVG/UAS系统启动axr3-1在静止中心表达,导致静止中心发生分裂。通过构建EMS突变体库,得到2 616份M2代候选突变体家系。对M2代种子进行初筛得到43个候选家系。经过复筛,获得22个具有稳定表型的突变体家系。根据表型相似性将候选家系分为5类,共6组。将候选家系进行组内杂交,根据F1代植株表型是否与亲本相似,获得2对等位突变体。这些突变体将为研究干细胞小生境的调控机制研究提供新材料。  相似文献   

双季稻最佳磷肥和钾肥用量与密度组合研究   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

徐新朋  王秀斌  李大明  柳开楼  余喜初  梁国庆  何萍  周卫 《植物营养与肥料学报》2016,22(3):598-608

【目的】为明确磷肥、钾肥用量和移栽密度对双季稻的施用效果,在田间试验条件下研究了不同磷肥用量、钾肥用量和移栽密度组合对江西双季稻产量、产量构成要素及磷肥和钾肥利用率的影响。【方法】本研究采用裂区试验设计研究了不同施磷量和移栽密度、不同施钾量和移栽密度对双季稻产量、磷肥和钾肥利用率的影响。磷肥用量和移栽密度试验中,设4个施磷水平(P2O5 0、60、90、120 kg/hm2,以P0、P60、P90和P120表示)和4种移栽密度(21×104、27×104、33×104、39×104 穴/hm2,以D21、D27、D33和D39表示)组合。钾肥用量和移栽密度试验中,设4个施钾水平(K2O 0、90、120、150 kg/hm2,以K0、K90、K120和K150表示),密度设置同磷肥试验。在水稻成熟期对产量以及产量构成要素进行测定,并分析其磷素和钾素的吸收量和利用率等指标。【结果】磷肥与密度试验中,同一施磷水平下,早稻产量和地上部磷素吸收量随着移栽密度的增加而增加,当施磷量超过60 kg/hm2时,产量和磷素吸收量不再随密度增加而显著增加,磷素吸收利用率(REP)、磷素农学效率(AEP)和磷素偏生产力(PFPP)逐步降低,以P60D39处理组合的产量和磷素吸收利用率最高,分别为5303.9 kg/hm2和24.4%,AEP为29.4 kg/kg; 晚稻则以施磷量在60 kg/hm2和33×104 穴/hm2密度组合的产量和磷素吸收利用率最高,分别为7246.9 kg/hm2和42.4%,AEP为36.2 kg/kg。钾肥与密度试验中,早稻的钾素吸收量随着施钾量的增加而增加,施钾量在120 kg/hm2和39×104 穴/hm2密度组合的处理产量和钾素吸收利用率(REK)最高,分别为6376.3 kg/hm2和67.2%,此时钾素农学效率(AEK)为15.6 kg/kg; 晚稻则以施钾量在90 kg/hm2和33×104 穴/hm2密度组合的处理产量和REK最佳,分别为7025.6 kg/hm2和74.0%,AEK为21.7 kg/kg。【结论】合理的磷肥、钾肥用量和移栽密度可以显著增加水稻单位面积有效穗数和养分累积量,进而增加水稻产量和肥料利用率,但过高的磷肥和钾肥施用会抑制产量的进一步增加。建议本研究区域的早稻采用施磷量在60 kg/hm2、施钾量120 kg/hm2和39×104穴/hm2的密度组合,而晚稻采用施磷量60 kg/hm2、施钾量90 kg/hm2和33×104 穴/hm2的密度组合。  相似文献   

天然杨桦用材林高效经营技术研究     

兰士波 《安徽林业》2011,(3)

选择不同林分类型和立地条件,按不同经营密度分别设立固定标准地,开展立地类型划分和最适密度选择。同时,在固定标准地内,对林分生长性状、形质指标、干物质积累量、枯枝落叶分解量及养分归还量进行连续定位观测。结果表明:经营密度对林分生长、干物质积累和枯枝落叶分解影响较大,且以中等经营密度(0.7)效果最理想。在立地类型划分、最适经营密度选择、密度效应分析、径级-株数分布规律研究的基础上,针对不同培育目标,分别提出不同立地条件下天然杨桦(胶合板材、普通建筑材、纸浆材)用材林高效经营技术,为科学经营存量种质资源,最大限度提高森林生产力奠定理论基础。  相似文献   

密度泛函法研究金丝桃素的结构特性与光活性     

毛淑才 《仲恺农业工程学院学报》2011,24(2)

采用密度泛函法（Density functional theory method,DFT）在6-31G＊基组水平上对金丝桃素（Hypericin,4,4′,5,5′,7,7′-六羟基-2,2′M甲基-中位-萘骈二蒽酮,化学式为C30H16O8）的分子结构、轨道能量、电荷布居、红外图谱等进行了研究,并对分子中的不同氢键类型以及光活性的本质特性进行了讨论;同时对部分计算结果与实验数据进行了对比分析.结果表明,金丝桃素易于与生物分子发生作用从而破坏病变分子;理论计算的数据与一些已知的实验数据具有较好的吻合性,说明计算结果有效.  相似文献   

密度和播期对杂交玉米遵糯4号鲜穗数的影响     

伍名龙  龙正凯  舒中兵  段明禹 《现代农业科技》2015,(12):14-15

采用206最优回归设计方案,研究了不同密度和播期对遵糯4号鲜穗数的影响。结果表明:在试验设置的密度和播期范围内,随二因素升高,鲜穗数先升后降。综合考虑,密度在55 500~64 500株/hm2、播期在4月12—18日水平区间内,有利于遵糯4号鲜穗数的提高。  相似文献   

浅析灌溉对作物根系及产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李夏 《江西植保》2014,(2):188-190

结合文献资料,从作物根系的水平分布、垂直分布、硝态氮运移及产量等几个方面,概述了不同灌溉量和灌溉方式对作物的影响,分析了滴灌、渗灌等微灌技术的应用。最后,针对经济林木生产的实际现状,进行了展望：探索一种成本低、简单易操作、便于推广应用的灌溉措施更具有理论和实践意义。  相似文献   

施肥方式对不同密度下玉米光合生理的影响     

高军 《现代农业科技》2023,(23)

为进一步研究玉米品种登海605不同密度和施肥方式对光合生理的影响，挖掘其增产潜力，建立高产栽培模式。本试验设计5个密度处理（D1、D2、D3、D4、D5）、3种施肥方式处理（S1：农大缓释肥、S2：分次施肥、S3：一次性施肥），并对不同处理的光合指标、叶面积指数、光合有效辐射、透光率等指标进行测定，结果表明：不同的施肥方式上层、中层、下层光合指标变化规律表现一致，各层次表现为上层>中层>下层，S2>S1>S3，玉米植株上层无论哪种处理都能获得足够的光能和CO2，光合指标相差不大，适宜的密度和施肥方式将获得更多的光能、有效辐射，合成有机物，形成更多的干物质积累，从而提高产量。  相似文献