我国家禽产业化育种及制种的研究     

潘琦  李东 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(34)

探索家禽良种的社会经济的地位、属性、发展历史和现状。提出21世纪家禽育种、制种的发展方向和方法,建议采用生态优选育种方案与双选育种法及核心群选育法培养优质家禽良种,同时用生物技术进行辅助选择。用科学发展观构建我国家禽育种制种基地。  相似文献   

甘肃省农业发展的SWOT分析与战略选择   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李红霞  王保福  刘润萍  王恒炜 《农业现代化研究》2009,30(3):266-269

本文立足甘肃省实际,采用SWOT分析法,分析了甘肃省农业发展区位、特色农业产业、农业产业化、县域经济整体实力、高科技农业、示范区建设具有的优势;农民收入、劳动力资源、农业信息、农业市场化程度、农业资本盈利性低的劣势;政策、经济、社会文化、自然、交通环境方面的发展机遇;以及经济增长与政策性限制、总体规划、城市发展压力、市场经济发育、管理体制方面面临的困境.应用SWOT矩阵分析,提出甘肃省农业发展的战略选择.从政府领导、科学规划、技术创新、土地使用、运行机制、农产品营销、利益补偿提出了发展对策;提出了区域经济中心、经济转型、绿洲节水、农牧业特色、工农业崛起5种发展模式.  相似文献   

分子标记辅助选择下的玉米回交群体农艺性状分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵永锋  宋占权  裴振东  祝丽英  黄亚群  陈景堂 《玉米科学》2012,20(1):30-34

以综3为受体亲本、衡白522为供体亲本,通过3代回交,利用SSR标记对BC3F1群体背景进行检测,并进行群体植株重要农艺性状的分析。结果表明,群体背景回复率在94.40%以上,平均回复率为97.75%,最高回复率为100%,远远高于经典遗传学背景回复率。农艺性状分析结果显示,背景回复率并未达到分子标记结果。分子标记辅助选择是提高育种选择效果加速育种进程的有效途径之一,针对数量性状控制的农艺性状的选择还需要进一步研究。  相似文献   

新疆小麦黄色素含量基因等位变异的分子检测及其分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

芦静  胡钰  周安定  梁晓东  曹俊梅  张新忠  黄天荣  高永红  吴新元 《麦类作物学报》2012,32(2):234-239

为了明确新疆小麦材料Psy-A1和Psy-B1位点控制籽粒黄色素含量基因的组成和分布以及与黄色素含量的关系,利用7A和7B染色体上Psy-A1和Psy-B1基因的分子标记YP7A和YP7B,对326份新疆冬、春小麦材料中的等位变异进行检测。结果表明,在Psy-A1位点,含有等位基因Psy-A1a和Psy-A1b的品种(系)分别占83.74%和16.26%,两种基因型黄色素含量平均值的差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);在Psy-B1位点,含有等位基因Psy-B1a和Psy-B1b的品种(系)分别占83.44%和16.56%,但两种基因型黄色素含量平均值的差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同变异组合类型的分布比例表现不同,Psy-A1a/Psy-B1a所占比例最高,为69.63%;其次是Psy-A1a/Psy-B1b组合类型,为14.11%;Psy-A1b/Psy-B1a组合类型为13.8%;Psy-A1b/Psy-B1b所占比例最低,为2.45%,没有扩增出Psy-B1c和Psy-B1d基因位点。总体来看,新疆小麦高黄色素含量的等位变异类型所占比例较高,冬、春小麦黄色素含量基因型存在一定差异;YP7A可以作为一个稳定、高效的功能标记用于分子标记辅助选择,而YP7B标记则不能独立作为黄色素含量辅助选择的实用性标记。  相似文献   

牡丹江地区适宜对俄出口早熟马铃薯品种筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范书华  董清山  王艳  解国庆  刘春光 《中国马铃薯》2012,(6):329-331

为解决牡丹江地区适宜对俄出口的马铃薯品种缺乏问题,从不同地区引进8个早熟马铃薯品种进行产量比较试验。通过对各品种生育期、植株及块茎的形态特征、产量等综合性状比较分析,结合俄罗斯人的饮食消费习惯,从中筛选出了牡丹江地区适宜对俄出口的早熟马铃薯品种为‘尤金’、‘费乌瑞它’、‘东农303’和‘中薯5号’。  相似文献   

Breeding of R8012,a Rice Restorer Line Resistant to Blast and Bacterial Blight Through Marker-Assisted Selection     

ZHAN Xiao-deng  ZHOU Hai-peng  CHAI Rong-yao  ZHUANG Jie-yun  CHENG Shi-hua  CAO Li-yong  Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement  State 《水稻科学》2012,19(1):29-35

Genetic improvement is one of the most effective strategies to prevent rice from blast and bacterial blight(BB) diseases,the two most prevalent diseases jeopardizing rice production.Rice hybrids with dural resistance to blast and BB are needed for sustainable production of food.An incomplete diallele design resulted in 25 crosses between five blast and five BB resistant germplasm accessions.Only one pair of parents,DH146 × TM487,showed polymorphism for all the markers to identify one blast resistance gene Pi25 and three BB resistance genes,Xa21,xa13 and xa5,thus it was used in the marker-assisted selection(MAS).F2 individuals of DH146 × TM487 were genotyped using flanking markers of RM3330 and sequence tagged site(STS) marker SA7 for Pi25.The resistant F2 plants with Pi25 were used for pyramiding BB resistance genes Xa21,xa13 and xa5 identified by the markers pTA248,RM264 and RM153,respectively in subsequent generations.Finally,after selection for agronomic traits and restoration ability among 12 pyramided lines,we acquired an elite restorer line,R8012 including all four target genes(Pi25+Xa21+xa13+xa5).Hybrid Zhong 9A/R8012 derived from the selected line showed stronger resistance to blast and BB,and higher grain yield than the commercial checks uniformally in experimental plots,2007 state-wide yield trial and 2008 nation-wide yield trial.This study provides a paradigmatic example to show that MAS is a practically feasible tool in effectively pyramiding multiple resistance genes.The resultant restoring line and its hybrid would play an important role in securing rice production in China.  相似文献   

棕榈油滤油机的选型分析     

郑爽  邓干然  曹建华  李国杰  刘智强  李玉林  公谱 《农机化研究》2012,34(6):249-252

根据与小型棕榈油提取加工设备配套的要求,为除去棕榈油毛油中含有的水分和杂质,得到洁净的棕榈油清油,针对棕榈油的特性及压榨棕榈油的特点,分析现有主要几种不同类型滤油机的工作形式及其优缺点,选择适宜的棕榈油过滤机。  相似文献   

丰产、优质、抗病油用亚麻品种“轮选一号”的选育     

张辉  贾霄云  任龙梅  张立华  李子钦  李强  高凤云 《中国麻作》2012,(2):57-59,80

利用亚麻显性雄性核不育基因,通过多亲本杂交和互交,组建原始基础群,对不育株进行抗枯萎病抗性的轮回选择,以改良群体,从而培育出了以抗枯萎病为主、兼抗立枯病,丰产、优质的油用亚麻品种——轮选一号,为油用亚麻抗枯萎病育种开辟了一条新的有效途径。  相似文献   

Biotic and abiotic controls on body size during critical life history stages of a pelagic fish,Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)     

Jonathan C. P. Reum  Timothy E. Essington  Correigh M. Greene  Casimir A. Rice  Patrick Polte  Kurt L. Fresh 《Fisheries Oceanography》2013,22(4):324-336

Variation in growth and body size during critical life history stages can have important implications for life history schedules and survivorship. For Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), there is still debate as to whether juvenile body size is governed by density‐dependent or ‐independent processes and few have evaluated whether the relative importance of either process shifts over the course of early ontogeny. We used a unique data set consisting of seasonal measurements of abundance, body size, and spatial distribution within a semi‐enclosed basin of Puget Sound (Washington State, U.S.A.) to measure the relative importance of temperature and cohort abundance on body size at distinct time periods, and evaluated whether density‐dependent habitat shifts might be responsible for density‐dependent growth. Over the 9 years of sampling (2001–2010) midsummer body size was positively related to temperatures experienced during the egg/yolk sac and larval stages and unrelated to cohort abundance. However, fall body size was negatively correlated with abundance and uncorrelated with both midsummer body size and temperature, indicating a shift from density‐independent to density‐dependent control over the course of the growing season. Thus, density‐dependent effects may supplant density‐independent effects exhibited early in herring life history. Our data on spatial distributions of herring and their zooplankton prey indicate that density‐dependent reductions in growth may be explained by density‐dependent habitat shifts that lead to reduce overlap of herring with zooplankton. Evidence of density‐dependent growth in marine fish populations is often attributed to exploitative competition, but our results suggest that these patterns may partly be mediated by density‐dependent distribution expansions in to prey‐poor habitat.  相似文献   

Vertical behavior of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean based on archival tag data     

Takayuki Matsumoto  Takashi Kitagawa  Shingo Kimura 《Fisheries Oceanography》2013,22(3):234-246

The behavior of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean was investigated using archival tag data for 28 fish [49–72 cm fork length (FL) at release, 3–503 days] released in Japanese waters around the Nansei Islands (24–29°N, 122–132°E) and east of central Honshu (Offshore central Honshu, 32–36°N, 142–148°E). Vertical behavior was classified into three types based on past studies: ‘characteristic’ (non‐associative), ‘associative’ (associated with floating objects) and ‘other’ (behavior not fitting into these two categories). The proportion of fish showing associative behavior decreased and that of characteristic behavior increased as fish grew, and this shift was pronounced at 60–70 cm FL. The fish usually stayed above the 20°C isotherm during the daytime and nighttime when showing associative behavior and below the 20°C isotherm during daytime for characteristic behavior. A higher proportion of characteristic behavior was seen between December and April around the Nansei Islands, and between September and December for offshore central Honshu. Seasonal changes in vertical position were also observed in conjunction with changes in water temperature. In this study, ‘other’ behavior was further classified into five types, of which ‘afternoon dive’ behavior, characterized by deep dives between around noon and evening, was the most frequent. The present study indicated that in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, the vertical behavior of bigeye tuna changes with size, as well as between seasons and regions.  相似文献