Prehospital Cross-Sectional Study of Drowning Patients Across the United States     

《The Forestry Chronicle》2021,32(3):271-277

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Indicators and trade-offs of ecosystem services in agricultural soils along a landscape heterogeneity gradient     

《Applied soil ecology》2014

Soil functions can be classified as supporting (nutrient cycling) and provisioning (crop production) ecosystem services (ES). These services consist of multiple and dynamic functions and are typically assessed using indicators, e.g. microbial biomass as an indicator of supporting services. Agricultural intensification negatively affects indicators of soil functions and is therefore considered to deplete soil ES. It has been suggested that incorporating leys into crop rotations can enhance soil ES. We examined this by comparing indicators of supporting soil services – organic carbon, nitrogen, water holding capacity and available phosphorous (carbon storage and nutrient retention); net nitrogen mineralisation rate and microbial biomass (nutrient cycling and retention) – in barley fields, leys and permanent pastures along a landscape heterogeneity gradient (100, 500 and 1000 m radii). In addition, barley yields (provisioning service) were analysed against these indicators to identify trade-offs among soil services. Levels of most indicators did not differ between barley and ley fields and were consistently lower than in permanent pastures. Leys supported greater microbial biomass than barley fields. Landscape heterogeneity had no effect on the indicators or microbial community composition. However, landscape heterogeneity correlated negatively with yield and soil pH, suggesting that soils in heterogeneous landscapes are less fertile and therefore have lower yields. No trade-offs were found between increasing barley yield and the soil indicators. The results suggest that soil ES are determined at the field level, with little influence from the surrounding landscape, and that greater crop yields do not necessarily come at the expense of supporting soil services.  相似文献   

基于广告、技术、奖励的二级供应链效益最大化研究     

韦才敏  李忠萍  范衠 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(2):68-74

基于技术进步视角，构建服务业FDI影响产业安全的理论模型，并采用1996-2013年的时序数据和分位数回归方法进行检验。实证结果表明，服务业FDI对技术进步的总效应为正；分位数回归进一步揭示，服务业FDI对技术进步的直接效应为正、间接效应为负，并在技术进步的低中分位点上，服务业FDI的直接效应大于间接效应，而在技术进步的高分位点上，服务业FDI的直接效应小于间接效应。研究证实，在技术进步的初期，服务业FDI会对产业安全发展产生直接的正向推动作用，但随着时间的推移，服务业FDI会威胁其产业安全。  相似文献   

Farmers' knowledge and perception of grain legume pests and their management in the Eastern province of Kenya     

《Crop Protection》2016

Grain legumes play an important role in community livelihood and in the national economy in Kenya. Unfortunately, in many African countries, production doesn't satisfy the demand in grains due to various constrains. Understanding farmers practices and behavior in the management of grain legume pests is a crucial step in the development of sustainable management strategies. A total of 216 farmers were surveyed in eight districts of eastern Kenya to evaluate farmers' knowledge and perceptions of grain legume pests; to examine current pest management practices, and to identify other production constraints. Grain legumes are grown by a wide age-group of farmers, with both genders equally represented. Chemical control remains the main pest management strategy, and, to ensure pesticide effectiveness, farmers also use increased application rates, chemical alternation, frequent application and mixtures of chemicals. While farmers used other control measures, they showed only limited interest in biological control. The majority of the farmers had experience in grain legume farming and were able to identify the major pests, which were the legume flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch and the legume pod borer Maruca vitrata Fabricius. Our survey revealed that education and proximity to extension services contributed significantly to farmers' knowledge of grain legume pests, suggesting the need to provide continuous training and capacity building on integrated pest management in grain legume farming. The study also suggests integration of other pest management strategies such as the use of early maturing varieties, biopesticides and biofertilizer to reduce the use of chemical for sustainable pest management.  相似文献   

乡村振兴环境下饲料企业应用电子商务创新发展模式的研究     

白朋飞 《中国饲料》2021,1(9):142-145

饲料业产值提升和总体规模的发展壮大,对我国乡村振兴和农民脱贫攻坚意义重大。当前我国饲料企业的电商模式主要包括B2B、B2C和O2O等。但大多数饲料企业本身规模较小,技术相对落后,对电商营销的投入也十分有限,严重制约了电商模式的创新发展。为此,本文在大数据和云计算框架下提出一种基于云服务的饲料产品电商模式,以网络层、传输层、服务层和应用层等为基础架构,将云端信息服务与饲料产业链深度融合,在为饲料企业提供海量客户信息的同时,也提升和改善了饲料企业原有的销售模式、售后服务水平和物流效率。 [关键词] 乡村振兴|电商|云服务|产业链  相似文献   

Data Collection Based on Web Services     

HU Ze-jun  LI Hu  WU Zhong-fu 《保鲜与加工》2004,(5):34-37

To construct data warehouse with heterogeneous, self-governing and distributed database system is a challenge. Two problems have to be solved: one is how to collect data from heterogeneous data sources by an effective method, the other is how to clear up and change the format of the data collected from data sources. The opening and the interact-operation property of Web Services is Analyzed. A Data Collection System based on Web Services, which communicates with heterogeneous data sources with SOAP and HTTP, has been designed. A Data Collector is introduced to clear up and to transform data with composition technology. The pivotal XML technology of transforming and loading up the data are discussed.  相似文献   

Engineering Calculation Mode Based on Reformative B/S Architecture     

DAI Wei  YANG Tian-yi 《保鲜与加工》2005,(12):77-80

Engineering designed mode has entered a new stage because of the development of network. New calculating system based on network appeared. By analyzing the common B/S architecture, this paper brings forward an reformative architecture based on Web services and ASP. NET in order to build the new mode of engineering calculation. It can fully implement the sharing of the resources and provide the engineering designers a wonderful calculating environment, and the working eifficiency of designers can be enhanced.  相似文献   

Composition of Application Based on Business Rule     

WANG Jun  SONG Yu-chuan  LIU Fei  YIN Chao 《保鲜与加工》2006,(11):15

In order to support flexibility and reusability of application composition based on Internet,with business rule and Aspect-Oriented Programming(AOP) which divides a business process into a control business process and a core business process,the authorsgive composition mechanism.A technique of implementation is analyzed.At last,the primary application of the above work in Chongqing of China is introduced,as well as some effects acquired.  相似文献   

Environmental services and poverty reduction: Options for smallholders in the Sahel   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Petra Tschakert 《Agricultural Systems》2007

Environmental service provision is increasingly discussed as a potential new venue for the simultaneous pursuit of development and natural resource conservation objectives, particularly among landowners in the low-income tropics. To date, most of the experience with such market-regulated mechanisms comes from water and forest projects in Latin America. Preliminary evidence suggests that participation of, and benefits to, small-scale land users are highly unequal and that the synergistic goals of poverty reduction and resource conservation through these emerging market mechanisms might be overly ambitious. This paper assesses the possibility of pro-poor environmental service provision through carbon sequestration among smallholders in the Sahel. It focuses on a case study in the small-scale, rain-fed agricultural systems of the Old Peanut Basin of Senegal. Based on a conceptual framework including economic, institutional, policy and livelihood factors, it assesses to the extent to which specific groups of farmers are able or willing to participate in and benefit from potential carbon offset programs. Finally, the paper stresses the need for adequate and equitable financial support and a careful rethinking of the institutional structures necessary to enhance rural livelihoods and natural resource management in drylands, with or without market-based environmental service programs.  相似文献   

外包服务对中老年劳动力参与水稻生产的影响     

唐若迪  陈超 《中国水稻科学》2022,36(6):647-655

【目的】随着中国社会老龄化的加速,农业劳动者高龄化的趋势进一步凸显。本研究以水稻生产为例,分析并检验农业生产外包服务对中老年劳动力参与生产的影响,为理解和适应农业部门老龄化提供一个新的视角。【方法】从提高老年人自我养老能力的角度,分析外包服务对农业劳动力年龄水平和年龄结构的影响,并将生产外包服务的环节差异纳入分析框架,采用内生转换模型(EndogenousSwitchModel,ESM)检验农业生产外包服务对老年劳动力参与生产的影响。【结果】水稻生产外包服务显著提高了低龄老年劳动力生产参与率,对中龄老年劳动力生产参与率则无显著影响。在水稻种植的不同生产环节中,采用耕地、育种和收割环节外包服务对老年人农业参与起到促进作用,而采用移栽和病虫害防治环节外包服务表现出抑制作用。【结论】水稻生产外包服务总体上能放松老年人进行农业生产的约束,有利于老年劳动力参与生产,但仍需加强移栽和病虫害防治环节的生产社会化服务建设。  相似文献