Estimates of Breed Average Direct,Maternal and Heterosis Effects for Some Pre-weaning Traits of Zebu Breeds and Their Crosses in Southeastern Mexico     

Magaña JG  Segura JC 《Tropical animal health and production》2003,35(4):341-350

Information on 936 birth weights (BW), adjusted weaning weights (AWW) and average daily gains (ADG) from Brahman (B), Indubrazil (I), Gyr (G) and commercial Zebu (C) cattle and their crosses were obtained from the records of a farm in the State of Yucatan, Mexico. Two statistical models were used to analyse the data: the first included the effects of year and season of birth, sex of the calf, cow's parity number and breed group. The other model included the same environmental effects as the previous model and the genetic components of breed group (breed additive, breed maternal and heterosis effects). Additive and maternal effects were expressed as deviations from those for the B breed. The means of BW, AWW and ADG for the B breed were 33.3 ± 0.64 kg, 204.0 ± 4.9 kg and 760.06 ± 19.24 g/day, respectively. Both models gave similar results in terms of the variance explained. Additive effects were significant (p < 0.05) for AWW and ADG but not for BW. The minor additive effect was for the C breed (−10.75 kg and −40.77 g for WW and ADG, respectively). Maternal and heterosis effects were not significant (p > 0.05) for any of the traits. The correlation between the breed group means and the means estimated by the prediction equation was r = 0.88. Finally, there was no significant genetic effect on pre-weaning calf performance among the genotypes evaluated. The genetic model can be used to predict the genotype means with a high degree of accuracy. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Preliminary Studies on the Concentration of Na+,K+-ATPase in Skeletal Muscle of Draught Cattle in Mozambique: Effect of Sex,Age and Training     

Veeneklaas RJ  Verkleij CB  van Schie B  Harun MA  Everts ME 《Tropical animal health and production》2002,34(5):431-447

The effect of training on the potential for work in draught cattle was assessed by measuring the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase in the muscle cell membrane and the elevation in the concentration of K⁺ in plasma during exercise. Biopsies of the semitendinosus muscle and venous blood samples were taken from the cattle used for draught work in Mozambique. No differences were found in the plasma ion or Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase concentrations in samples taken from Nguni, Africander and Angoni breeds. There were no significant differences in plasma ions (Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^–) or muscle Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase concentrations between the Angoni males and females, although the males showed an increase in Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase with age, while the females showed a decrease. The increase in males might be attributed to their higher level of activity in the herds than that of females. After a training period of 15 days, a significant increase in Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase concentration in semitendinosus muscle was found in Angoni cattle. In females, this was significant after 8 days of training (about 30%); in males after 15 days of training (about 16%). On day 15, there was a reduction in the elevation of plasma K⁺ during the 2 h of draught work, indicating an increased capacity of the Na⁺,K⁺ pumps to maintain the extracellular K⁺ concentration in working muscles and a possible delay in the moment of fatigue.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetic Behaviour of Albendazole Sulphoxide Enantiomers in Male and Female Sheep     

Capece BP  Castells G  Pérez F  Arboix M  Cristòfol C 《Veterinary research communications》2000,24(5):339-348

Benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs are widely used in veterinary practice. Albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO) is a benzimidazole drug with two enantiomers, as a consequence of a chiral centre in the sulphoxide group. The kinetics of these enantiomers were studied in male and female sheep. Plasma samples were obtained from the animals between 0.5 and 72 h after oral administration of 7.5 mg/kg of a racemic formulation of ABZSO (total-ABZSO). After a liquid–liquid extraction, the samples were analysed by HPLC to determine the concentrations of total-ABZSO and of the sulphone metabolite (ABZSO₂). During the chromatographic analysis, the ABZSO peak was collected and reanalysed by an HPLC technique using a Chiral AGP column to quantify the enantiomeric proportion therein. After kinetic analysis, the AUCs obtained for the (+)-ABZSO were 5.8 and 4.0 times higher than those for the (–)-ABZSO in male and female animals, respectively. The mean residence times were 23.4 and 16.1 h for (+)-ABZSO and 22.2 and 17.4 h for (–)-ABZSO for male and female animals, respectively. The only significant difference between the sexes (p<0.05) was in the T _max of the (–)-ABZSO. Comparing both enantiomers within each sex, significant differences were found in all the kinetic parameters. Finally, no kinetic differences were found between sex for total-ABZSO or ABZSO₂.  相似文献   

造血和神经相关标志物在人胎盘的表达     

王跃嗣  孟凡刚  姜昱竹  李建远  范光丽 《畜牧兽医学报》2006,37(4):368-373

为探讨人胎盘组织在造血中的作用以及研究造血和神经标志物在胎盘中的表达和在胚胎发育中的相关性，用免疫组织化学法对人胎盘组织和体外培养的胎盘组织中的贴壁细胞进行染色，观察其造血因子和神经标志物的表达。结果发现人7月龄胎盘组织血管内血细胞表达多种造血细胞因子，如SCF、VEGF、BMP-4和FGF-1和KDR，血管内皮细胞上也有表达；胎盘组织同时表达造血干细胞标记CD34、CD133和神经细胞标记物Nestin和MAP2等。而足月龄胎盘CD34、CD133、KDR和造血相关因子SCF、VEGF、BMP-4、FGF-1等弱表达，不表达Nestin和MAP2。两组胎盘切片都不表达GFAP和MBP。胎盘贴壁细胞（hPDACs）碱性磷酸酶、波形蛋白、CD133、Nestin和MAP2染色呈阳性，CD34、GFAP和MBP阴性表达。人胎盘组织和胎盘贴壁细胞表达多种造血相关因子和神经细胞标志物，提示胎盘具有造血功能，造血形成和神经发生之间可能存在基因表达叠加现象。  相似文献   

哺乳动物性别控制研究进展     

鲍忠剑  田文儒 《畜牧兽医杂志》2006,25(2):16-18

为哺乳动物性别,从哺乳动物性别控制的机理、性别控制的方法及现状进行简要综述,控制技术在生产实践广泛应用提供理论指导。  相似文献   

陕西省旅游资源空间分异特征及区划研究     

赵振斌  薛亮  杨敏  马耀峰 《干旱区资源与环境》2006,20(4):117-121

本文利用陕西省旅游资源普查数据,对陕西省旅游资源空间分异因素与特征做了理论上的探讨,在此基础上确定区划依据,用自上而下的方法对陕西省旅游资源进行了区划研究。研究结果将陕西省旅游资源划分为4个旅游资源区,16个旅游资源亚区,各旅游资源区具有不同的资源特征,在开发利用上也具有不同的方向,采用不同的对策。  相似文献   

Research Progress of Epigenetics Modification in the Process of Skeletal Muscle Cell Proliferation and Differentiation     

JING Jing  YAO Dong  LING Yinghui 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(10):3314-3322

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue and the main component of muscle in animals.The process of skeletal muscle cell's proliferation and differentiation is the basis of muscle development and it's directly affects the meat production performance of domestic animals.It has been found that epigenetic modification plays an important role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells.In this study,the effects of epigenetics on skeletal muscle in terms of the effects of DNA methylation on the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells,the selection and expression of factors regulated by histone acetylation,the regulation of non-coding RNA,and the effects of chromosome remodeling.Research progress in the process of muscle cell proliferation and differentiation,briefly describes the effects of different modification methods and factors on the two processes of skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation.At the same time,the methods and means used by predecessor in the study of skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation were reviewed,and then the role of apparent regulatory factors in skeletal muscle growth was analyzed.The purpose was to further explain the important role of epigenetic modification in the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle,enhanced the understanding of the regulation of skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation,provided a reference path for integration with animal production,and also provided skeletal muscle.Molecular regulation of such as growth and development provided more reference materials.  相似文献   

补饲青绿饲料对不同性别肉仔鸡皮肤色泽的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

戴四发  李如兰  柳卫国  闻爱友  蔡治华  王立新  黎观红 《畜牧与兽医》2006,38(5):17-20

研究了在饲喂全价配合日粮基础上补饲青绿饲料对不同性别肉仔鸡全身不同部位皮肤色泽的影响。各组自由采食玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,分别于第1、15、29天开始补饲青绿饲料,比较分析42日龄时的全身各部位皮肤的色泽(L、a、b值)。结果表明,不同性别肉仔鸡各部位皮肤色泽间存在一定的差异性;补饲青绿饲料对肉仔鸡皮肤色泽的影响效应,以黄度最强和亮度最弱;补饲青绿饲料的时间越早,对肉仔鸡皮肤色泽的影响越明显;补饲青绿饲料对母肉仔鸡皮肤色泽的影响比对公肉仔鸡更显著。  相似文献   

In vitro neuronal and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord blood     

Ki-Soo Park  Yong-Soon Lee  Kyung-Sun Kang 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(4):343-348

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capabilities for self-renewal and differentiation into cells with the phenotypes of bone, cartilage, neurons and fat cells. These features of MSCs have attracted the attention of investigators for using MSCs for cell-based therapies to treat several human diseases. Because bone marrow-derived cells, which are a main source of MSCs, are not always acceptable due to a significant drop in their cell number and proliferative/differentiation capacity with age, human umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells are good substitutes for BMCs due to the immaturity of newborn cells. Although the isolation of hematopoietic stem cells from UCB has been well established, the isolation and characterization of MSCs from UCB still need to be established and evaluated. In this study, we isolated and characterized MSCs. UCB-derived mononuclear cells, which gave rise to adherent cells, exhibited either an osteoclast or a mesenchymal-like phenotype. The attached cells with mesenchymal phenotypes displayed fibroblast-like morphologies, and they expressed mesenchym-related antigens (SH2 and vimentin) and periodic acid Schiff activity. Also, UCB-derived MSCs were able to transdifferentiate into bone and 2 types of neuronal cells, in vitro. Therefore, it is suggested that the MSCs from UCB might be a good alternative to bone marrow cells for transplantation or cell therapy.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity decreases as population density declines: Implications of temporal variation in mitochondrial haplotype frequencies in a natural population of Tscherskia triton     

Jiayan XIE  Zhibin ZHANG 《Integrative zoology》2006,1(4):188-193

Although the spatial genetic differentiation that occurs in animal populations has been extensively studied, information on temporal variations in genetic structure and diversity is still lacking, especially for animals with oscillating populations. In the present study, we used the mtDNA D‐loop sequence to assess the temporal genetic variation in samples from six successive years for the greater long‐tailed hamster, Tscherskia triton. Sampling was carried out between 1998 and 2003 in cropland on the North China Plain, China. A total of 108 individuals were analyzed. The temporal samples showed a high level of genetic diversity. Substantial genetic changes in haplotype frequencies over time were detected for the hamster population. Random genetic drift and migration are likely to be the major factors responsible for the observed temporal pattern. The genetic diversity of the hamster population was higher in years with higher population density, and lower in years with lower population density. The result supports our hypothesis that genetic diversity decreases when population density declines in animals whose population oscillates greatly between years. The combined effects of inbreeding and genetic drift caused by reproduction, dispersal and population size might play important roles in the observed changes in genetic structure and diversity between years.  相似文献