响应面法优化蓝藻溶藻菌CZBC1发酵培养工艺          下载免费PDF全文

胡晓娟  徐创文  李卓佳  文国樑  杨铿  许云娜  李莎莎  曹煜成 《南方农业学报》2017,48(11):2092-2099

[目的]优化蓝藻溶藻菌——蜡样芽孢杆菌CZBC1的发酵培养工艺,为蓝藻溶藻菌制剂的工业化发酵生产提供技术支持.[方法]通过单因素试验筛选适合蜡样芽孢杆菌CZBC1生长的最适碳源和氮源,在单因素试验的基础上,采用中心组合试验设计(CCD)确定关键因子的最佳数量水平,并以Desig-Expert 8.0.5进行回归分析,通过响应面分析获得CZBC1的最佳发酵培养工艺参数.[结果]蜡样芽孢杆菌CZBC1的最佳碳源、氮源分别为麸皮+糖蜜(1:1)和酵母膏.以麸皮+糖蜜用量(A)、酵母膏用量(B)、pH(C)、培养时间(D)为因素变量,CZBC1芽孢数(lgN)为响应值,拟合得到二次多元回归方程为lgN=8.5019-0.2222A+0.0998B-0.1292C+0.3801D+0.2194AB-0.1133AC+0.1350AD+0.2049BC-0.0651BD+0.0638CD-0.1260A2-0.3152B2-0.0380C2-0.2533D2,其中,碳源(麸皮+糖蜜)用量与氮源(酵母膏)用量的交互作用、碳源用量与pH的交互作用、碳源用量与培养时间的交互作用、氮源用量与pH的交互作用对CZBC1芽孢数的影响均达极显著水平(P<0.01,下同).响应面分析优化得到的蜡样芽孢杆菌CZBC1最佳发酵培养参数:麸皮+糖蜜6.84 g/L,酵母膏3.36 g/L,pH 6.50,培养时间42 h.此条件下,CZBC1芽孢数的实际值为5.75×108 CFU/mL,与理论值(5.90×108 CFU/mL)间无显著差异(P>0.05),但极显著高于优化前采用营养肉汤发酵培养的芽孢数(1.28×107 CFU/mL).[结论]采用响应面法优化得出蜡样芽孢杆菌CZBC1最佳发酵培养工艺能有效提高菌株的芽孢数量,且模型拟合效果较好,可用于指导蓝藻溶藻菌制剂的工业化发酵生产.  相似文献   

合欢内生真菌诱导产孢研究     

郑志斌 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(29):16140-16141

[目的]寻找促使植物内生真菌无性菌丝产生孢子的方法,为其鉴定提供依据。[方法]从采集到的合欢组织中分离、纯化得到5株形态稳定的内生真菌,对它们进行诱导产孢试验,并对所产生的孢子进行鉴定。[结果]5株内生真菌在常规培养条件下均不产生分生孢子。通过不同类型培养基及不同pH值条件诱导真菌产孢方法,使其中3株真菌（1、3、5号菌）不同程度产生了分生孢子,通过分生孢子的形态鉴定了合欢内生真菌1、3、5号菌分别属于头孢霉属（Cephalosporium）、镰孢属（Fusarium）和头孢霉属（Cephalosporium）。[结论]试验证明通过诱导内生真菌产孢的方法并借助形态学依据来鉴定无性的内生真菌是可行的。  相似文献   

Role of rainfall in the development of coffee berry disease in Coffea arabica caused by Colletotrichum kahawae,in Cameroon     

J. A. Mouen Bedimo  D. Bieysse  S. Nyassé  J. L. Nottéghem  C. Cilas 《Plant pathology》2010,59(2):324-329

The development of coffee berry disease (CBD) epidemics (caused by Colletotrichum kahawae) in Cameroon was monitored over two successive years (2004 and 2005) on coffee trees protected from rainfall by transparent plastic sheets and on unprotected control trees. This work was done to assess how rain affected disease development when it did not fall directly onto the coffee trees and to determine the influence of primary inoculum on the severity of CBD. Weekly observations over the 2 years showed that there were 1·1% diseased berries on coffee trees completely protected from rainfall, compared with 45% diseased berries on unprotected coffee trees. Disease severity on unprotected trees during the 2 years of the experiment was estimated at 53% diseased berries, compared with 27% on trees only protected in the first year. These results confirmed rainfall as one of the key physical factors in the development of Arabica CBD. They also provided evidence of a subsequent effect of protecting coffee trees from rainfall in 2004 on the severity of CBD in 2005. This suggested some practices that might lead to very effective cultural control of CBD in regions where severe epidemics of the disease occur.  相似文献   

生化因子对丛枝菌根真菌Glomus intraradices产孢和侵染的影响     

马继芳  金海如  张德兴  戚丽娜 《浙江农业学报》2011,23(2):0

以高粱为宿主,采用盆栽试验,研究生化因子对丛枝菌根真菌Glomus intraradices产孢和侵染的影响。结果表明：单一有机氮源和活性物质能显著提高G. intraradices产孢和侵染,酒石酸铵(0.5%)、甘氨酸(1%)和根浸出液(2 mL),可分别使每160 g沙样孢子产量提高至382,302和328个,对照仅为155个;甘氨酸(0.5%,1.0%)、酒石酸铵(0.5%)、腐殖酸铵(0.5%,1.0%,2.0%)和根浸出液(2,3,5 mL)处理,可使根侵染率分别提高至53.7%,52.8%,43.9%,59.4%,48.9%,57.7%,64.9%,55.9%,52.9%(对照仅为27.3%);单一碳源(葡萄糖、蔗糖)则对G. intraradices产孢和侵染率都没有显著影响;不同的氮源+碳源(NH4Cl+葡萄糖)组合对G. intraradices产孢和侵染率有不同影响,当C、N比值为4∶1,1∶2时,显著提高G. intraradices产孢,可分别使每20 g沙样产孢量可分别达到2227,2458个(对照仅为157个)。当C、N比值为1∶2时,侵染率为2.4%,显著低于对照19.3%;比值为4∶1时,对侵染率没有显著影响。生化因子对G.intraradices产孢和侵染的作用特点不同。  相似文献   

主要环境及营养因素对西瓜枯萎病菌生长的影响     

郭晓钰  纪莉景  王亚娇  王翠霞  孔令晓 《植物保护》2016,42(3):151-156

采用菌丝生长速率法和产孢量测定研究了不同温度、光照、pH及碳氮源对来源于海南、河北和上海的3株西瓜枯萎病菌Fo-HN-46、Fo-HB-12和Fo-SH-1生长速率和产孢量的影响。结果表明:西瓜枯萎病菌菌株的适宜生长温度为20~30℃,Fo-HN-46最适生长温度为28℃,Fo-HB-12和Fo-SH-1最适生长温度为25℃,产孢的最适温度为28~30℃;光照对西瓜枯萎病菌生长速率无显著影响,对产孢影响显著,Fo-HN-46在黑暗条件下单位面积产孢量最高,Fo-HB-12和Fo-SH-1在半光照条件下产孢量最高;pH对西瓜枯萎病菌菌株的生长速率和产孢量有显著影响,pH 7~9时菌丝生长速率快,pH 8~11时产孢量高;葡萄糖、淀粉和乳糖作为碳源能够显著增加西瓜枯萎病菌的产孢量;蛋白胨作为氮源能显著促进菌丝生长,硝酸钠、酵母粉和蛋白胨均能显著增加西瓜枯萎病菌的产孢量。用最适碳源、氮源培养,Fo-HN-46生长速率大于Fo-HB-12和Fo-SH-1。Fo-SH-1产孢量高于Fo-HN-46和Fo-HB-12。  相似文献   

Development of isolate‐specific markers for Neofusicoccum parvum and N. luteum and their use to study rainwater splash dispersal in the vineyard     

J. Baskarathevan  M. V. Jaspers  E. E. Jones  H. J. Ridgway 《Plant pathology》2013,62(3):501-509

Unique bands were identified in single isolates of Neofusicoccum parvum and Neofusicoccum luteum using universally primed polymerase chain reaction (UP‐PCR) analysis of isolates obtained from grapevines and non‐grapevine hosts in New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and the USA. Primers were designed to amplify a 1550 bp portion of the 1573 bp marker band from N. parvum isolate B2141 and a 510 bp portion of the 524 bp marker band from N. luteum isolate G51a2. A PCR‐RFLP assay was developed to distinguish the N. parvum isolate B2141 from other N. parvum isolates, based on a polymorphism found in the marker band using the TaqI restriction endonuclease. For N. luteum isolate G51a2, the designed primers were specific at an annealing temperature of 63°C in the PCR. The sensitivity threshold of the N. parvum and N. luteum isolate‐specific markers was 50 pg and 5 pg, respectively, when used in standard PCR with purified genomic DNA. The sensitivity of the N. parvum isolate‐specific marker was increased to 0·5 pg by nested PCR. The specificity test of both isolate‐specific markers with six other Botryosphaeriaceae spp. showed that they were specific to their respective species and isolates. Both markers were able to detect the conidia of N. parvum and N. luteum marker isolates in rainwater samples collected at different distances from an inoculation point in the vineyard. The results showed that rain splash could disperse the conidia of both of these species up to 2 m from the inoculum point in a single rainfall event.  相似文献   

鱼尾星蕨组织培养与快速繁殖的研究     

尤丽莉  杨逢春  邹积鑫 《广东农业科学》2013,40(18):28-29

利用鱼尾星蕨的孢子为外植体,研究了不同培养基、不同激素以及浓度对其孢子萌发、原叶体增殖、孢子体诱导和增殖的影响。结果表明,鱼尾星蕨的成熟孢子在1/2MS培养基上萌发速度最快,萌发率最高;鱼尾星蕨的原叶体在1/2MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L培养基上增殖速度较快,但增殖过程中不能形成孢子体;在1/2MS+AgNO31.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L培养基上成功诱导出孢子体;孢子体可再进行分株扩增,从而获得大量的孢子无菌苗。  相似文献   

Tracking the potato late blight pathogen in the atmosphere using unmanned aerial vehicles and Lagrangian modeling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Donald E. Aylor  David G. Schmale IIIElson J. Shields  Maria NewcombCarmen J. Nappo 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(2):251-260

A means for determining the aerial concentration, C (sporangia m⁻³), of plant pathogenic spores at various distances from a source of inoculum is needed to quantify the potential spread of a plant disease. Values of C for Phytophthora infestans sporangia released from an area source of diseased plants in a potato canopy was quantified in three ways: (1) by using Rotorods to sample the air just above the source, (2) by using unmanned aerial vehicles to sample the air at altitudes up to 90 m above the source and at downwind distances up to 500 m from the source, and (3) by using a Lagrangian stochastic simulation of sporangia flight trajectories to tie these two measurements together. Experiments were conducted using three potato crops over two years. Model predictions of time-average, crosswind-integrated concentrations were highly correlated (r = 0.9) with values of C measured using the unmanned aerial vehicles. The model describes the release and dispersal of sporangia from a potato canopy to a downwind distance of 500 m. Thus, it may have utility as a part of an area-wide decision support system by helping to predict risk of disease spread between neighboring or distant potato fields.  相似文献   

红松落针病的流行及与寄主生理节律分析     

贾云  陈中东  吴振铎 《东北林业大学学报》1995,(1)

１９８３～１９９１年在辽宁省草河口和桓仁县八里甸地区，对红松落针病的流行及与寄主生理节律进行观测研究，其结果：红松落针病的病原菌（ＬｏｐｈｏｄｅｒｍｉｕｍｍａｘｉｍｕｍＢ．Ｚ．ＨｅｅｔＹａｎｇ）流行高峰期为７月中、下旬，与温度关系最密切（Ｒ复＝０．８４３６）。孢子日放散量呈”Ｕ”型曲线，两个放散高峰分别出现在每日的４时和２０时，与林内温度呈正相关。孢子放散高峰时间，也是寄主ＣＯ２呼出量最小时刻，而距叶气孔最大面积开放时间约提前３～４ｈ。  相似文献   

黄瓜褐斑病菌分生孢子萌发与侵染的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘鸣韬  田雪亮  孙化田 《河南农业科学》2005,(11):51-54

对黄瓜褐斑病菌分生孢子萌发和侵染情况进行了系统研究。结果表明:病菌分生孢子萌发形式多样,可以从孢子一端、两端、或一侧一端、或两端一侧长出芽管。不同温度条件,对孢子萌发方式有明显影响。分生孢子萌发的适温为25~30℃;孢子在相对湿度90%以上才能萌发,水滴中萌发率最高;孢子萌发的pH值为3~13,最适pH值为5~6。病菌既可直接侵入,也可通过气孔侵入,以气孔侵入为主,伤口对侵入的影响不明显。  相似文献