Quantitative trait loci analysis for root traits in synthetic hexaploid wheat under drought stress conditions          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Rui-xuan  WU Fang-kun  YI Xin  LIN Yu  WANG Zhi-qiang  LIU Shi-hang  DENG Mei  MA Jian  WEI Yu-ming  ZHENG You-liang  LIU Ya-xi 《农业科学学报》2020,19(8):1947-1960

Synthetic hexaploid wheat(SHW), possesses numerous genes for drought that can help breeding for drought-tolerant wheat varieties. We evaluated 10 root traits at seedling stage in 111 F9 recombinant inbred lines derived from a F2 population of a SHW line(SHW-L1) and a common wheat line, under normal(NC) and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions(DC). We mapped quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for root traits using an enriched high-density genetic map containing 120 370 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), 733 diversity arrays technology markers(DArT) and 119 simple sequence repeats(SSRs). With four replicates per treatment, we identified 19 QTLs for root traits under NC and DC, and 12 of them could be consistently detected with three or four replicates. Two novel QTLs for root fresh weight and root diameter under NC explained 9 and 15.7% of the phenotypic variation respectively, and six novel QTLs for root fresh weight, the ratio of root water loss, total root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks under DC explained 8.5–14% of the phenotypic variation. Here seven of eight novel QTLs could be consistently detected with more than three replicates. Results provide essential information for fine-mapping QTLs related to drought tolerance that will facilitate breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.  相似文献   

玉米脱粒破碎率关键影响因子及其最优预测模型研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜春雨  李银昌  杨锦忠  朱如华  丁山  宋朝玉  王圣健 《玉米科学》2020,28(3):142-147

子粒破碎率高是当前中国玉米机械收获子粒的重要限制因素,解析破碎率变化原因,建立其简便预测模型是需要解决的重要问题。本文采集7个玉米品种在3个种植密度下组合的果穗,在不同子粒含水率梯度条件下开展单穗脱粒试验。种植密度在6万～9万株/hm2范围内对子粒破碎率没有影响,品种、子粒的含水率、抗侧压碎力和穿刺强度等的影响均达到统计显著水平。品种对破碎率变化的偏贡献率为12.7%,且品种的偏贡献率子粒含水率的偏贡献率抗侧压碎力的偏贡献率穿刺强度的偏贡献率,种植密度的偏贡献率接近于零。破碎率的最优预测因子是穿刺强度,预测模型:破碎率=10.25×0.990穿刺强度,满足破碎率不高于5%约束的穿刺强度值不得低于60 MPa。研究结果可为玉米破碎率预测、宜机收玉米新品种培育与鉴定、脱粒机具设计与制造提供数据支撑和技术参考。  相似文献   

水分和盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发相关性状的QTL定位     

王秀华  于鸿翔  潘香逾  赵岩  李斯深 《麦类作物学报》2020,40(10):1157-1165

小麦萌发期对水分和盐胁迫敏感,对该时期水分和盐胁迫下种子萌发性状进行QTL定位具有重要的意义。本研究以小麦“泰农18×临麦6号” RIL群体为材料,以20%PEG-6000溶液和100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl溶液分别模拟水分和盐胁迫环境,对种子萌发期10个性状进行了QTL定位。结果表明,在正常、水分胁迫和盐胁迫3种不同处理下各性状变异较大。相关分析表明,抗旱和耐盐可能是两个独立遗传的性状,胚芽鞘长可以作为节水抗旱的鉴定指标。3种处理下共检测到10个萌发相关性状的103个QTL,其中,17个为相对高频QTL（RHF-QTL）,分布在7条染色体（1A、3A、3B、4B、7A、7B和7D）上,平均贡献率为7.55%~15.97%。这些RHF-QTL形成4个QTL簇（QTL cluster,QC）,分布在3A、7A和7D染色体上。其中,7A染色体上的QC2包括3个RHF-QTLs（ QSdw-7A.1、 QGf-7A.1和 QGi-7A.1）,均与小麦耐盐性相关;7D染色体上的QC3包括2个RHF-QTLs（ QGi-7D.1、 QGdrc-7D.1）,均与小麦节水抗旱性相关。这2个QCs增加效应均来自母本泰农18。本研究获得的RHF-QTLs和QCs,可为小麦萌发期节水抗旱和耐盐分子标记辅助选择提供理论和技术支持。  相似文献   

Genetic bases of source-,sink-,and yield-related traits revealed by genome-wide association study in Xian rice     

Yun Wang  Yunlong Pang  Kai Chen  Laiyuan Zhai  Congcong Shen  Shu Wang  Jianlong Xu 《作物学报(英文版)》2020,(1):119-131

The source-sink relationship determines the ultimate grain yield.We investigated the genetic basis of the relationship between source and sink and yield potential in rice.In two environments,we identified quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with sink capacity(total spikelet number per panicle and thousand-grain weight),source leaf(flag leaf length,flag leaf width and flag leaf area),source-sink relationship(total spikelet number to flag leaf area ratio)and yield-related traits(filled grain number per panicle,panicle number per plant,grain yield per plant,biomass per plant,and harvest index)by genome-wide association analysis using 272 Xian(indica)accessions.The panel showed substantial variation for all traits in the two environments and revealed complex phenotypic correlations.A total of 70 QTL influencing the 11 traits were identified using 469,377 high-quality SNP markers.Five QTL were detected consistently in four chromosomal regions in both environments.Five QTL clusters simultaneously affected source,sink,source–sink relationship,and grain yield traits,probably explaining the genetic basis of significant correlations of grain yield with source and sink traits.We selected 24 candidate genes in the four consistent QTL regions by identifying linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks associated with significant SNPs and performing haplotype analysis.The genes included one cloned gene(NOG1)and three newly identified QTL(qHI6,qTGW7,and qFLA8).These results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield rice breeding by increasing and balancing source–sink relationships using marker-assisted selection.  相似文献   

Diversity,plant growth-promoting traits,and biocontrol potential of fungal endophytes of Sorghum bicolor     

Sollepura B. Rajini  Murali Nandhini  Arkere C. Udayashankar  Siddapura R. Niranjana  Ole S. Lund  Harischandra S. Prakash 《Plant pathology》2020,69(4):642-654

The diversity of fungal endophytes in Sorghum bicolor was investigated in samples collected from 10 different geographical regions of Karnataka state, India. A total of 360 endophytes were isolated from leaf, stem, and root tissues and were assigned to 26 fungal species based on morphology and molecular characterization using ITS sequences. All the endophytes belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The diversity (Shannon H, 2.57; Simpson_1-D, 0.92) and species richness (Margalef's, 4.68; Menhinick, 3.61) were found to be higher for the endophytes isolated from leaf tissues. The species evenness of the endophytic assemblage was strongly influenced by tissue type, followed by geographical location. The biocontrol potential of isolated endophytes was evaluated against economically destructive sorghum grain mould pathogens such as Fusarium thapsinum, Epicoccum sorghinum, Alternaria alternata, and Curvularia lunata using the dual culture method. Biocontrol potential was exhibited by 26 endophytic isolates, of which Trichoderma asperellum recorded broad-spectrum activity against target pathogens, followed by E. nigrum and A. longipes. Most (82%) endophytes showed plant growth-promoting traits. Biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was observed in 84% of isolates, and phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and cellulase activity was observed in 69%, 23%, and 27% of isolates, respectively. Seeds treated with T. asperellum exhibited a significantly higher seed vigour index (2096), germination percentage (94%), and yield under greenhouse and field conditions. The results were substantiated by the confocal microscopy analysis, which clearly demonstrated the colonization of treated endophyte in root tissues. The present study reveals an ecofriendly approach to explore T. asperellum in sorghum disease management.  相似文献   

新疆南疆机采棉品种株型结构与产量性状的相关性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑巨云  王俊铎  张泽坤  梁亚军龚照龙  艾先涛  郭江平  莫明  李雪源 《新疆农业科学》2020,57(4):722-728

【目的】分析不同类型陆地棉品种的株型结构及产量性状,研究高产优质机采棉品种的株型结构与产量结构的特点,为棉花结构育种提供理论参考。【方法】测试不同机采棉品种的株型结构性状及产量结构相关指标,利用差异显著性分析、相关分析等统计方法,研究几种机采棉品种的株型性状、产量结构性状及其相关性特点。【结果】籽棉产量与株高、主茎节间长、果枝数、果节数存在正相关但不显著,与果枝始节高度呈负相关;株高与果枝始节高存在显著正相关,与主茎节间长度呈极显著相关; 17N11株型为塔型结构,其底部主茎叶片保留完整、籽棉产量、株高最高,而17N13主茎叶片数最多,17N5则具有最小的叶片脱落率;在棉花株型结构的共性方面,棉花果枝角度具有由上至下呈增大趋势,而变异能力则呈现与之相反的趋势(上部＞中部＞下部)。棉花主茎叶大小具有由上部至下部减小的趋势,变异能力亦呈现与之相反的趋势(下部＞中部＞上部)。【结论】株型结构具备中、上部果枝夹角较小(上部＜32.0°,中部＜50.0°),主茎叶总面积高于320 cm²,下部主茎叶片脱落率低于20%的机采棉品种产量优势显著,中上部果枝夹角、主茎叶总面积、下部主茎叶片脱落率可作为株型育种后代材料选择依据。  相似文献   

薏苡紫色柱头性状的遗传分析     

陆秀娟  李祥栋  石明  潘虹  魏心元  陆平  苏跃 《种子》2020,(1):33-35,41

为研究薏苡紫色柱头性状的遗传规律,利用4份材料做亲本构建4个杂交组合,观察并记录其F 1、F 2植株的性状特征和分离比例。结果显示,紫色柱头相对于白色为显性,各F 2群体植株的柱头颜色分离比皆符合3∶1比例,说明紫色柱头是由1对显性等位基因控制。  相似文献   

近交对大菱鲆体尺性状生长的遗传影响     

宋宗诚  蒋丽  王丽娟  黄岩  杨润清 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2019,(6):135-142

为研究近交对大菱鲆体尺生长的动态影响,构建了非近交和2个不同近交水平的30个家系。在生长期内,定期测量了1 082尾个体的全长、体长、头长、体宽和尾柄高等体尺性状。选择三阶勒让德(Legendre)多项式为子模型,采用随机回归模型估计了这些体尺性状的遗传参数。考虑近交和不考虑近交作为固定效应的随机回归分析表明:近交显著地提高了所有体尺性状遗传力估计值。与远交组相比,近交导致了体尺性状不同程度的衰退,但衰退程度在2个近交组间没有表现出明显差异。5个体尺性状之中,全长和体长表现出较为相似的近交衰退趋势,而体宽、头长和尾柄高表现出较为一致的趋势。与非近交组相比,全长和体长在350日龄前,近交系数0.25的个体体长性状并未出现近交衰退,反而有所提高,而近交系数为0.375的组,这2个性状表现出衰退。全长和体长的近交衰退随着年龄的增长而加重。0.25和0.375两种近交水平的群体在第400和第650生长日之间对体长的生长曲线几乎没有影响。在整个测量周期内,近交水平对尾柄高的生长曲线的影响几乎没有差异。而在第650生长日龄后,全长、体长和头长的近交衰退随着近交程度增加而加快。这些近交分析的结果可以用来指导大菱鲆配套系选育过程中亲本群体遗传纯化过程中的近交控制。  相似文献   

大麦抗白粉病近等基因系农艺性状相似性的评价     

陈茂顺  张启发 《华中农业大学学报》1989,8(4):311-317

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猪部分免疫性状与生产性状间的相关关系研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

刘榜  张庆德李奎 樊斌杜翔  高辉唐中林  彭中镇 《华中农业大学学报》2005,24(5):480-484

对通城、瑞典长白（下称长白）、英国大白（下称大白）纯种以及长大通和大长通三元杂种猪的161头个体的部分免疫性状与其生产性状（生长、胴体、肉质性状）进行相关分析,结果如下：（1）免疫性状与生长性状间的相关：迟发性超敏反应（DTH）、红细胞数（RBC）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、血清总蛋白（TP）与日增重呈弱负相关,r值在-0．17～-0．35之间（P〈0．05）;DTH、IgG、TP与达上市体重日龄呈弱正相关,r值在0．20～0．25之间（P〈0．05）。（2）部分免疫性状与胴体性状间的相关：DTH分别与胴体长、胴体斜长、胴体净重、腿臀比率和腿臀肉骨率呈弱负相关,r值在-0．18～-0．25之间（P＜0．05）;与板油率和内脂率呈弱正相关,r值分别为0．21（P〈0．01）,0．22（P＜0．01）。RBC、TP与胴体长、肋骨数、眼肌面积、胴体净重、屠宰率、腿臀比率、腿臀肉骨率间呈弱负相关,r值在-0．16～-0．36之间（P＜0．05）;与三点背膘厚均值、6～7肋间背膘厚、10肋背膘厚、板油率、内脂率性状间呈弱正相关,r值在0．18～0．35之间（P＜0．05）。TP与胴体斜长和屠宰率呈弱负相关,r值分别为-0．29（P〈0．01）、-0．24（P＜0．01）。IgG与屠宰率和胴体净重呈弱负相关,r=-0．17（P〈0．05）。（3）部分免疫性状与肉质性状间的相关：DTH、TP与滴水损失呈弱负相关,r分别为-0．26（P〈0．01）和-0．19（P＜0．05）。RBC与系水力呈弱正相关,r=0．34（P〈0．01）,TP与大理石评分呈弱正相关,r=0．20（P〈0．05）。相关分析结果表明：部分免疫性状与生长、胴体性状间呈不利相关,与肉质性状间呈有利相关。  相似文献