3种作物对盐碱性防护林地改良效果分析     

金久宏  查永江  夏一栋 《亚热带水土保持》2012,(1):26-27,53

通过盐碱性防护林地播种大麦、小麦和大豆的试验,结果显示:夏季高温干旱期间,实施播种大豆防护林地土表(0~20 cm)层的可溶性盐分和PH值分别为0.65 g﹒kg-1和7.04,与实施播种大麦和小麦无明显差异,有机质(29.88 g﹒kg-1)、速磷(91.10 mg﹒kg-1)、速钾(23.10 mg﹒kg-1)和速氮(134.43 mg﹒kg-1)则分别比实施播种大麦和小麦有明显增高,并且存在极显著差异;3种作物播种后,防护林地没有出现“返盐碱”(发白)现象.表明:实施播种大豆对改善林地土壤条件的效果最好,其次是播种大麦和小麦.  相似文献   

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on the performance of maize/soybean intercrop in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria     

Gani Oladejo Kolawole 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):189-198

Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria in 2007 and 2008 to determine the effects of phosphorus fertilizer application on performance of intercropped maize and soybean. The experiments, arranged as a split plot in a randomized complete block design, replicated four times. A cropping system with sole maize, sole soybean and maize/soybean intercrop formed the main plot treatments while P rates with 0, 15 and 30 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 were the subplot treatments. For both years, neither P fertilizer application nor cropping systems had a significant effect on maize grain yield. However, soybean grain yield was significantly higher (92.3% in 2007 and 44.5% in 2008) under sole cropping than under maize/soybean intercropping. On average, N fixed by soybean increased with the increase in P rate (from 51.8% without P to 60.5% with 30 P), but there was no significant difference in N fixed by sole soybean and soybean/maize intercrop. However, the interaction effect on N fixed between cropping systems and P rates was significant (P ≤ 0.05). N, P and K contents in maize grain were significantly higher (>100%) in intercropped maize than in sole maize. The cropping systems had no significant effect on post-harvest soil chemical characteristics. The land equivalent ratio was 1.52 in 2007 and 1.78 in 2008. The result shows that in utilizing legumes for N enrichment, the alleviation of P deficiency can enhance N₂-fixation by legumes. Furthermore, P replenishment in a maize/soybean intercrop may improve maize grain quality even though yield is not increased.  相似文献   

Studies on the effect of humic acid on availability of phosphorus     

Azuma Okuda  Shiro Hori 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):195-197

It is believed that some organic compounds form complexes with iron and aluminum and prevent the fixation of phosphate applied to soils.  相似文献   

引入地形因子的黑土区大豆干生物量遥感反演模型及验证     

张新乐  徐梦园  刘焕军  孟令华  邱政超  潘越  谢雅慧 《农业工程学报》2017,33(16):168-173

为了对田块尺度农作物地上干生物量进行估测,提高大豆地上干生物量反演模型的精度和稳定性,该文获取了研究区地块2016年7、8月份的SPOT-6多光谱数据,并测定不同地形坡位的大豆地上干生物量,以归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)和增强型植被指数(enhanced vegetation index,EVI)为输入量,建立田块尺度大豆地上干生物量一元线性回归模型;加入与地上干生物量相关的地形因子,建立逐步多元回归和神经网络多层感知反演模型.结果表明:1)使用传统的单一植被指数模型预测大豆地上干生物量有可行性,但模型精度和稳定性不高.2)加入地形因子(海拔、坡度、坡向)的神经网络多层感知器模型,有较高的精度和可靠性,模型准确度达到90.4％,验证结果显示预估精度为96.2％.反演结果与地块的地形、地貌、气温和降水特征基本吻合,反映了作物长势的空间分布特征,可以为田块尺度大豆地上干生物量动态监测和精准管理,提供借科学依据.  相似文献   

基于GF-1 WFV数据的玉米与大豆种植面积提取方法   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

黄健熙  侯矞焯  苏伟  刘峻明  朱德海 《农业工程学报》2017,33(7):164-170

准确掌握农作物的空间种植分布情况,对于国家宏观指导农业生产、制定农业政策有重要意义。针对黑龙江省玉米与大豆生育期接近、光谱特征相似,较难区分的问题,以多时相16 m空间分辨率高分一号(GF-1)卫星宽覆盖(wide field of view,WFV)影像为数据源,选择归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)、增强植被指数(enhanced vegetation index,EVI)、宽动态植被指数(wide dynamic range vegetation index,WDRVI)、归一化水指数(normalized difference water index,NDWI)4个特征,结合实地调查样本点,采用随机森林分类算法,提取黑龙江省黑河市嫩江县玉米与大豆种植面积。研究表明,区分玉米与大豆的最佳时段为9月下旬至10月上旬,即大豆已收获而玉米未收获的时段,在4个待选特征中,NDVI、NDWI与WDRVI指数组合表现最佳;随机森林算法与最大似然算法、支持向量机算法相比,分类精度更高,其总体分类精度为84.82%,Kappa系数为77.42%。玉米制图精度为91.49%,用户精度为93.48%;大豆制图精度为91.14%,用户精度为82.76%。该方法为大区域农作物的分类提供重要参考和借鉴价值。  相似文献   

不同秸秆还田方式对白浆土土壤养分及大豆产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王囡囡  朱凤莉  张春峰  贾会彬  朱宝国  孟庆英  宋英博  李于 《中国土壤与肥料》2016,(1):94-97

为确定秸秆还田方式对白浆土土壤养分及作物产量的影响,试验设置了普通翻耕的对照处理以及秸秆覆盖还田、心土还田和秸秆焚烧的3种还田方式。3年的试验结果表明:在耕层部分(0~20 cm),普通翻耕处理区土壤氮素和有机质含量测定值最低,而土壤磷素和钾素含量最高;在白浆层(20~40 cm),秸秆心土还田处理的土壤碱解氮、全氮、有效磷、全磷和有机质含量最高;在淀积层(40~60 cm),不同秸秆还田方式,氮素、磷素和有机质含量变化差异较小,钾素表现为土壤下层含量比表层高。两年的数据显示秸秆心土还田处理大豆产量最高,说明秸秆心土还田对土壤地力提升效果明显,利于大豆增产。  相似文献   

Potential of Fodder Soybean Genotypes for Phosphorus Removal in Poultry Manure-Enriched Soils     

R. B. Dadson  F. M. Hashem  J. Joshi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(1):108-115

Plant-based phosphorus (P) remediation strategies have been suggested to reduce high P accumulation in soil. Eleven fodder soybean genotypes were evaluated to explore their potential for the removal of P from poultry manure-enriched soils. Field experiments were conducted at a site that had a history of heavy poultry manure applications. Green house experiments were conducted using the soils selected for field trials to confirm the results. Harvesting of whole plants, excluding roots of the genotypes, was done at the pod formation stages and plant samples were oven dried at 70°C for three days. The dry samples were ground and analyzed for total P content. Genotype 091734, provided the maximum P removal from amended and unamended soils. Fodder soybean genotypes could play an important role in the extraction of P from poultry manure-enriched soils, which are important from the ecological point of view.  相似文献   

胁迫对菜用大豆种子抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

王聪  朱月林  杨立飞  陈磊 《植物营养与肥料学报》2010,16(5):1209-1216

采用蛭石栽培,在100 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫下,对耐盐性不同的两个菜用大豆［Glycine max (L.)Merr.］品种种子的过氧化氢（H2O2）含量及抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽（AsA-GSH）循环进行了研究。结果显示,NaCl胁迫显著增加了菜用大豆种子的H2O2含量,但耐盐品种 绿领特早的增幅低于盐敏感品种理想高产95-1。NaCl胁迫期间,绿领特早种子中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性,AsA、GSH含量以及AsA/DHA值和GSH/GSSG值的增幅高于同期的理想高产95-1,或降幅低于同期的理想高产95-1; 脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）含量的增幅低于同期的理想高产95-1。表明 绿领特早种子在胁迫期间能够保持较高的AsA-GSH循环效率,可有效地抑制H2O2的积累,这可能是其耐盐性较强的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

不同形态氮素对种植大豆土壤中微生物数量及酶活性的影响   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

严君  韩晓增  王树起  李晓慧  朱巍巍 《植物营养与肥料学报》2010,16(2):341-347

采用框栽试验方法,研究6种不同形态氮素[生物固氮(N0)、硝态氮(N1)、铵态氮(N2)、氨基酸态氮(N3)、蛋白态氮(N4)和酰胺态氮(N5)]对种植大豆土壤中微生物数量及土壤酶活性动态变化的影响。结果表明:各大豆生育期内真菌、细菌、放线菌数量和土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性对不同形态氮素的反应不同;三大菌群在组成上以细菌数量占绝对优势,数量上均在花期时达到峰值,即均随着大豆生育期的推进呈单峰曲线变化;花期不同形态氮处理下的土壤微生物总数量有差异,具体表现为N5N3N2N1N4N0。土壤多样性指数的变化趋势随着生育期的推进呈缓慢下降趋势,与土壤微生物数量的变化趋势不一致,因此,评价土壤生物多样性指数应将两者结合起来。土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性随着生育期的推进亦为单峰曲线变化趋势,但脲酶与蔗糖酶活性的变化趋势不同,其高峰期出现在鼓粒期。  相似文献   

超声波辅助提取黑豆皮色素工艺优化   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17  

李大婧  宋江峰  刘春泉  于淼 《农业工程学报》2009,25(2):273-279

为了优化超声波辅助提取黑豆皮色素的工艺条件,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应曲面法对影响黑豆皮色素提取效果的3个主要影响因素即超声功率、溶液pH值和液固比进行了优化,建立并分析了各因子与黑豆皮色素提取液吸光值关系的数学模型。结果表明：原料用量0.5 g,在超声功率为80 W、溶液pH值1.5、液固比30 mL/g时,黑豆皮色素提取效果较好,在此条件下色素的提取率达到95.6%。  相似文献