栎林凋落层土壤动物群落结构及其在凋落物分解中的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

林英华  杨德付  张夫道  王建修  白秀兰  王兵 《林业科学研究》2006,19(3):331-336

2002年4月～2002年10月,采用凋落袋法(5、1、1/300 mm)对北京九龙山栎树(Quercus liaotungensis)纯林和混交林(辽东栎∶油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)=2∶ 1)凋落层土壤动物群落特征及在凋落叶分解过程中动态变化进行研究.在两种林型98只分解袋中,共采集到土壤动物3 564只,隶属3门10纲19目,其中膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、啮虫目(Psocoptera)、双翅目(Diptera)、弹尾目(Collembola)和蜱螨目(Acariformes)为优势类群.土壤动物以杂食性为主.混交林中小型土壤动物个体数量和类群数均大于栎树纯林,而大型土壤动物个体数量类群数均低于栎树纯林,两种林型土壤动物类群数和个体数在α=0.05差异不显著.3种凋落物袋中,栎树纯林土壤动物总类群数和个体总数均为1 mm＞5 mm＞1/300 mm;混交林土壤动物个体数1 mm＞5 mm＞1/300 mm,类群数则5 mm＞1 mm＞1/300 mm,并在8或9月达最大值.土壤动物多样性指数随时间推移呈增长趋势,土壤动物群落异质性较高.土壤动物优势类群与凋落物分解残存量之间的相关性不显著(rs<0.786, p>0.05).蜱螨目在栎树纯林凋落物中集聚的时间最长,啮虫目集聚的时间最短,分别为10.33和8.53个月;膜翅目在栎树混交林凋落物中集聚的时间最长,双翅目集聚的时间最短,分别为9.95和8.13个月.  相似文献   

Sapstain fungi on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus radiata</Emphasis> logs – from New Zealand Forest to export in Japan     

Joanne M.?Thwaites  Roberta L.?FarrellEmail author  Kunio?Hata  Peter?Carter  Marco?Lausberg 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(5):459-465

Supply of clear, unstained logs from an export country is important economically as well as in reducing the biosecurity risk to an importing country such as Japan. Although conditions found within the holds of ships containing logs are thought to be ideal for rapid colonization of sapstain fungi, no research has been conducted. Research-focussed log export trials were designed to determine the extent of sapstain colonisation at specific points in the processing of logs from harvesting to arrival at the export destination. Two trials were established, in the austral summer and winter, in which mature Pinus radiata logs were harvested in New Zealand and shipped to export ports in Japan. Data loggers placed above and below deck of the ships recorded microclimatic conditions. Nine species of sapstain fungi were isolated from logs during the summer trial; the most common species isolated were Ophiostoma floccosum, Ophiostoma querci, and Ophiostoma setosum. In contrast, ten sapstain species were detected during the winter trial, with Sphaeropsis sapinea, O. querci, O. floccosum, and O. setosum most commonly isolated. This research was the first successful attempt at measuring visual sapstain development and isolating sapstain fungi from the time of harvesting to arrival at an export destination.  相似文献   

云南森林树种种质资源保存策略初探   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

杨文云  李昆 《林业科学研究》2002,15(6):706-711

结合云南自然地理和森林树种植物区系特点,就制订其森林树种种质资源保存策略提出如下建议：开展3种保存方式及建立在分子标记基础之上的样本技术研究;分别气候带和地域实施有侧重的原地和迁地保存,分期建立9个迁地保存中心;配合重大林业生态工程,营造迁地保存林及提供优良种质;在云南“中华生物谷”项目中建立专门的种质低温保存率。  相似文献   

Influence of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping and polyethylene mulching on early growth of walnut (Juglans spp.) in central Italy     

P. Paris  F. Cannata  G. Olimpieri 《Agroforestry Systems》1995,31(2):169-180

Combined production of timber and forage species is considered to be a desirable land-use system to offset some of the current land management problems of Italy. This paper reports the early results of a study on intercropping young plants of walnut with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), with or without polyethylene mulching, in an experimental plantation in central Italy. Two genotypes of walnut were used:Juglans regia L. and the French hybrid NG23×RA. The seasonal changes of absolute and relative growth rates of walnut stem diameter and apical shoot length were investigated.During both growing seasons, alfalfa intercropping strongly decreased walnut growth, whereas polyethylene mulching promoted stem height and diameter growth. Stem growth of intercropped-and-mulched walnut was the same as that of sole walnut under clean cultivation management. The use of polyethylene mulching reduced or avoided the competitive effect of associated alfalfa on walnut growth. During both growing seasons, the intercropped-and-mulched walnut had higher relative growth rates than intercropped-unmulched walnut. The results show the effectiveness of polyethylene mulching in promoting early growth of walnut, even when intercropped with alfalfa during early stages of plantation establishment.  相似文献   

霍侯公路通道工程绿化模式及树种选择   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高成德  孔淑庆  吴有红 《防护林科技》2000,(2):22-23,77

通道绿化是林业的重点工程 ,也是公路建设的重要内容。根据不同造林立地条件 ,提出了霍侯公路通道工程的绿化模式 ,并进行了树种选择  相似文献   

Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) plantation — An age old agroforestry system in Eastern Himalayas     

K. A. Singh  R. N. Rai  Patiram  D. T. Bhutia 《Agroforestry Systems》1989,9(3):241-257

Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is a shade loving plant grown in the Indian hill states of Sikkim and Dargeeling district of West Bengal. About 30 important tree species are used to provide shade to the cardamom plants. Alnus nepalensis, a deciduous, nitrogen fixing and fast growing tree, is the species most commonly underplanted with cardamom. In addition to providing shade, it is also used for fuelwood. The old trees are cut and young plants coming up are allowed to grow in cyclic order. The quick decomposing leaf litter of A. nepalensis also fertilises the cardamom plants. The nitrogen added to the soil in this way has been found to be as high as 249 kg/ha. Large cardamom thrives well in a moist soil, which is maintained by water diverted from seasonal springs on the upper slopes. The system is well suited to conserving soil, water and tree cover of the characteristically steep slopes of the region. Moreover, the management inputs required for growing cardamom are low but the crop gives a higher financial return than rice or maize. The shade trees used in the system are also a major source of fuel, fodder and timber, especially as access to state owned forests is restricted by legislation. However, increasing incidence of viral chirkey and foorkey disease, panicle rot and capsule borer are reducing the cardamom productivity. It has been observed that integrating dairying and apiculture will further augment profitability from large cardamom agroforestry system.  相似文献   

国有林场树种结构调整及稳定性分析--以湖南省国有武冈林场为例     

佘济云  陈端吕  彭保发 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,24(6):72-74

运用目标规划模型对湖南省国有武冈林场的森林树种结构进行优化,得到其理想的树种结构,然后计算出理想树种结构的信息熵和信息熵相对值,用于评价该场的树种结构稳定性.评价结果表明:该场1990～1999年的树种结构信息熵变化不大,稍有增势,比理想的树种结构信息熵偏小,这说明该场现有的树种结构处于过于有序状态,即,人工干扰过大,会损失某些利用功能.该评价结果可为其森林经营结构的调整提拱科学的参考依据.  相似文献   

我国南方食用菌原料林培育研究进展   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

李建民  周志春 《林业科学研究》2001,14(2):209-214

香菇等食用菌在我国具有近千年的栽培历史，是山区经济发展的重要产业，食用菌原料林的培育对于以阔叶权赤原食用菌产业持续发展意义重大。本文重点对食用菌原料林树种的优选、人促更新定向培育、主要原料林树种的丰产栽培以及其采种基地建设等进行述评。根据食用菌原料林培育研究现状和存在问题，提出进一步发展的技术对策和今后的研究重点，包括主要原料树树的种的良种选育和扩繁技术、育苗技术、松杉林冠下造林技术和多种食用菌原料林树种混植技术、二代食用菌原料林的萌芽更新技术等。  相似文献   

6种公路常绿植物叶面特性对滞尘效果的影响研究     

黄宇轩 《江西林业科技》2015,(2)

通过选择6种具有代表性的道路常绿植物,应用接触角测定仪测定了不同树种叶片的接触角,通过扫描电镜观察比较了6种常绿植物的叶表面形态结构,分析其对滞尘能力的影响。试验结果表明常绿植物叶片正面接触角越大,滞尘能力越小;表面叶孔越多,粗糙度越大,滞尘能力越强。研究成果可为城市绿化树种的选择提供基础依据。  相似文献   

广西国有雅长林场植物群落多样性分析     

韩俊学  岑祖明  蓝柳凤  张后花 《防护林科技》2015,(6)

物种多样性是反映群落结构和功能特征的有效指标,是生态系统稳定性的量度。通过对广西国有雅长林场东明分场部分区域进行野外调查研究,对野外物种多样性进行测定并对记录结果进行分析。结果表明:广西国有雅长林场东明分场马尾松林和杉木林的森林植被覆盖度较高,植物群落结构较为复杂,有利于保护生态结构多样性。  相似文献