Role of social structure in establishment of an invasive large mammal after translocation     

Lindsay M. Clontz  Anni Yang  Sarah M. Chinn  Kim M. Pepin  Kurt C. VerCauteren  George Wittemyer  Ryan S. Miller  James C. Beasley 《Pest management science》2023,79(10):3819-3829

Background

Data on the movement behavior of translocated wild pigs is needed to develop appropriate response strategies for containing and eliminating new source populations following translocation events. We conducted experimental trials to compare the home range establishment and space-use metrics, including the number of days and distance traveled before becoming range residents, for wild pigs translocated with their social group and individually.

Results

We found wild pigs translocated with their social group made less extensive movements away from the release location and established a stable home range ~5 days faster than those translocated individually. We also examined how habitat quality impacted the home range sizes of translocated wild pigs and found wild pigs maintained larger ranges in areas with higher proportion of low-quality habitat.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings suggest translocations of invasive wild pigs have a greater probability of establishing a viable population near the release site when habitat quality is high and when released with members of their social unit compared to individuals moved independent of their social group or to low-quality habitat. However, all wild pigs translocated in our study made extensive movements from their release location, highlighting the potential for single translocation events of either individuals or groups to have far-reaching consequences within a much broader landscape beyond the location where they are released. These results highlight the challenges associated with containing populations in areas where illegal introduction of wild pigs occurs, and the need for rapid response once releases are identified. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Assessment of the socio-economic impacts associated with the arrival of apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in Mwea irrigation scheme,Kenya     

Kate L. Constantine  Fernadis Makale  Idah Mugambi  Duncan Chacha  Harrison Rware  Alexander Muvea  Vincent K. Kipngetich  Justice Tambo  Adewale Ogunmodede  Djami Djeddour  Corin F. Pratt  Ivan Rwomushana  Frances Williams 《Pest management science》2023,79(11):4343-4356

Background

In Kenya, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is mainly produced under irrigation by small-scale farmers. Mwea irrigation scheme (MIS) in Kirinyaga County accounts for 80–88% of rice production. Here, rice is the main source of livelihood and a source of revenue generation for the county. However, a recently established invasive freshwater snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) (family: Ampullariidae), a species of apple snail, presents a serious threat to rice production.

Results

Household surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews highlight apple snail as a serious problem in MIS. Households that observed at least a moderate level of infestation (>20% of cultivated area) experienced significant reductions in rice yield (~14%) and net rice income (~60%). Farmers reported increased use of chemical pesticides for management of apple snail. In addition, the cost of hired labor for physical removal of egg masses and snails is resulting in substantial negative effects on net income. Farmer age, area of land owned, responsibility for decision-making, receipt of extension advice, training, and membership of a farmer organization, were all statistically significant variables to explain farmers awareness of the need for area-wide apple snail management.

Conclusion

Strategies to limit the spread of apple snail are urgently needed. A Multi-Institutional Technical Team (MITT) has been established to spearhead management efforts and consolidate advice to farmers on how to manage apple snail. However, without action to mitigate spread, the consequences could be disastrous for rice production and food security in Kenya, and for other rice growing regions across Africa. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow     

Qian ZHANG  Mo LI  Yuan YIN  Shiyong GE  Danjie LI  Ibrahim M. AHMAD  Ghulam NABI  Yanfeng SUN  Xu LUO  Dongming LI 《Integrative zoology》2023,18(5):891-905

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.  相似文献   

Effect of the Silicic Acid Polymerization Degree on the Coagulating Property of Polyalumium Silicate Chloride     

LIU Ying  ZHANG Dai jun  LU Pei li 《保鲜与加工》2002,(12):145-147

Polyaluminum silicate is a new type of inorganic macromolecular flocculants, which is developed as a complex product in recent years on the base of polyalumium flocculant and polysilicic acid flocculant. Sodium silicate is diluted to the concentration of 3.0% SiO 2 with distilled water. The solution was adjusted to pH 4.5 with sulphate acid and kept at quiescency for different time to get polysilicic acid with different polymerization degrees. Using polysilicic acid prepared and aluminium chloride as materials, a series of polyaluminium silicate chlorides(PASC) with different basicities(B), Al/Si molar ratios and polymerization degree of silicic acid are prepared by copolymerization technique. The Al-Ferron timed complex colorimetric method is applied to characterize species distribution of PASC and to study its influence factors. The interaction between hydrolyzed aluminum species and polysilicic acid with different polymerization degrees in PASC is discussed.The flocculant prepared is applied to the treatment of commercial concrete wastewater. The turbidity removal of commercial concrete wastewater is up to 97% when a PASC, prepared with polysilicic acid of 145 min polymerization degree.  相似文献   

对合法性与公允性关系的认识——兼议二者的优先性     

郑燕虹 《湖南农机》2007,(3):123-124

由于会计准则本身的不完善性,使得企业财务报表编制者和独立审计师不可避免地会遇到会计准则规定与企业交易事项的经济实质不一致的情况,这直接导致会计核算及财务报告表述的“合法性”和“公允性”的冲突问题。本文讨论了导致冲突的两方面原因及理论界关于合法性与公允性关系的认识,并分析了我国对于该问题的会计政策现状。因为会计报袁不能总做到既合法又公允,注册会计师发表审计意见往往处于两难境地,所以确定二者的优先性对于明确我国的审计目标是至关重要的。  相似文献   

免耕精量直插点播偏置滑块机构的参数优化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭德卿  王卫兵  李盛林  马华永 《农机化研究》2015,(5)

以免耕直插式精量点播器的偏置滑块机构为研究对象,为实现该点播器接近零速投种对其结构参数进行优化分析。对偏置滑块的偏置距离e在[0,25]内抽出11组进行仿真分析。优化分析的结果表明:滑块偏置的距离e=10mm,点播器的鸭嘴入出土位移差s=68mm,鸭嘴在入出土瞬时速度v=42mm/s,曲柄摆角θ=30°。  相似文献   

广西红水河地区蚱总科的新种(直翅目)   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：7  

郑哲民  石福明  罗桂虎 《华中农业大学学报》2003,22(5):436-441

记述采自广西壮族自治区中部红水河地区蚱科5新种，即广西尖顶蚱Teredorus guaangxiensis sp．nov．，凹缘柯蚱Coptotettix curvimargiinus sp．nov.，齿股蚱Tetrix denti femura sp．nov．，粗体蚱Tetrix grossus sp．nov．及忻城悠背蚱Euparatettix xinchengensis sp．nov．。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。  相似文献   

浅析花卉命名存在的问题及原因     

柴潇琳 《山东林业科技》2011,41(2):122-124,117

本文总结了花卉命名中存在同名异物、同物异名以及种属不当和大小属的问题,并从历史、商业等方面分析了原因,同时针对不同的问题提出了一些建议。  相似文献   

甘肃叶蜂种类调查及分类研究 Ⅴ.松叶蜂科松叶蜂亚科和叶蜂科蕨叶蜂亚科、短叶蜂亚科、长背叶蜂亚科属种名录     

李映泉  武星煜 《甘肃林业科技》2010,35(2):1-4

整理采自甘肃膜翅目松叶蜂科松叶蜂亚科和叶蜂科蕨叶蜂亚科、短叶蜂亚科、长背叶蜂亚科标本总计102号,经鉴定分为13属20种。其中,新松叶蜂属1种、吉松叶蜂属2种、松叶蜂属1种、平缝叶蜂属5种、脊额叶蜂属1种、柄臀叶蜂属1种、凹颚叶蜂属2种、异颚叶蜂属1种、侧齿叶蜂属1种、长室叶蜂属1种、窗胸叶蜂属1种、长背叶蜂属2种、短唇叶蜂属1种。包括1甘肃新记录属:短唇叶蜂属,5科学新种:武氏吉松叶蜂、甘肃平缝叶蜂、黑胫平缝叶蜂、中华柄臀叶蜂、黑肩长背叶蜂,1科学新组合:白唇窗胸叶蜂和11甘肃新记录种和4已知种。  相似文献   

Can incidental sighting data be used to elucidate habitat preferences and areas of suitable habitat for a cryptic species?     

《Integrative zoology》2017,12(3):186-197

The involvement of communities in ecological studies has been shown to augment conservation efforts, especially for cryptic species. However, there is a lack of studies addressing the utility of incidental sighting records from community members in gaining knowledge on habitat preferences and distribution of suitable habitat for these organisms. This study compares preferences of the Lumholtz's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi ; LTK), a cryptic rainforest folivore in northeastern Australia, for various habitat and climatic variables derived from data collected during scientific projects to those derived from incidental sighting records using ArcGIS and Maxent. Incidental sighting records suggest that the species uses a wider range of altitudes, annual rainfalls, annual mean temperatures and vegetation types than predicted by scientific studies. Incidental records also show that the species can persist in areas of lower rainfall during the wettest month and lower minimum temperature during the coldest month. Both data place the species within a comparable range of rainfalls during the driest month, maximum temperatures of the warmest month and soil types. When using identified preferences to assess the extent and distribution of suitable habitat, incidental records predicted more areas of suitable habitat than scientific records with an overlap of up to 91% between them. The present study proves that incidental sighting records can be a valuable part of the study of cryptic species and should be considered complementarily alongside scientific studies to obtain comprehensive ecological information of a species that can assist in its conservation.  相似文献