亚致死浓度多杀菌素对西花蓟马解毒酶系活力的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

龚佑辉  吴青君  张友军  徐宝云 《农药学学报》2009,11(4):427-433

采用亚致死浓度(LC25)多杀菌素对西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis相对敏感(SS)种群进行连续选育,获得亚致死(Sub)种群。处理36代后,Sub种群对多杀菌素的敏感性下降到SS种群的5.2倍。用SS和Sub种群各自的LC10和LC25浓度多杀菌素分别处理两种群的2龄若虫,1、6 、12、24和48 h后测定羧酸酯酶(CarE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs) 和多功能氧化酶(MFOs)的比活力。结果表明,Sub种群对照组CarE和GSTs比活力在除第48 h外的其他时间段都高于SS种群对照组,且6 h时两者CarE比活力差异显著,Sub种群是SS种群的1.37倍;Sub种群对照组MFOs比活力在各时间段都高于SS种群对照组,在1 和6 h时差异显著,前者分别是后者的1.62和1.36倍。再经各自的LC10和LC25浓度多杀菌素处理后,在各时间段Sub种群的CarE比活力均高于SS种群;LC25浓度处理后,Sub种群的GSTs和MFOs比活力虽在短时间内低于SS种群,但随处理时间的延长其比活力均高于SS种群。说明SS种群经亚致死浓度多杀菌素选育36代后,其体内CarE、GSTs和MFOs比活力有上升趋势;继续用亚致死浓度多杀菌素处理,则Sub种群体内解毒酶活力的动态调节能力要强于SS种群。  相似文献   

Resistance and cross-resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides and spinosad in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)     

Mota-Sanchez D  Hollingworth RM  Grafius EJ  Moyer DD 《Pest management science》2006,62(1):30-37

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), has developed resistance to many insecticides used for its control, recently including imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid compound. Other neonicotinoids are now being deployed to control this pest. A key point in the strategies of resistance management is the monitoring of resistance and cross-resistance. In the summer of 2003, imidacloprid-resistant adult Colorado potato beetles collected from Long Island, New York, USA were bioassayed using topical applications of imidacloprid and nine other neonicotinoids. Compared to a standard susceptible strain, the Long Island beetles showed 309-fold resistance to imidacloprid, and lower levels of cross-resistance to all other neonicotinoids, despite these never having been used in the field, i.e., 59-fold to dinotefuran, 33-fold to clothianidin, 29-fold to acetamiprid, 28-fold to N-methylimidacloprid, 25-fold to thiacloprid, 15-fold to thiamethoxam, 10-fold to nitenpyram, but less than 2-fold to nicotine. In injection bioassays, high resistance to imidacloprid was also found (116-fold). Piperonyl butoxide partially suppressed resistance to imidacloprid, but the resistance level was still over 100-fold, indicating that other mechanisms were primarily responsible for resistance. Low levels of resistance (8- to 10-fold) were found to the nicotinic activator, spinosad, in an imidacloprid-resistant strain collected from the same field in 2004. The cross-resistance seen with all the neonicotinoids tested suggests that the rotation of imidacloprid with other neonicotinoids may not be an effective long-term resistance management strategy. Rotation with spinosad also carries some risk, but it is unlikely that spinosad resistance in this case is mechanistically related to that for the neonicotinoids.  相似文献   

Long-term persistence and efficacy of spinosad against Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) in wheat     

Daglish GJ  Nayak MK 《Pest management science》2006,62(2):148-152

A laboratory study was undertaken to determine the persistence and efficacy of spinosad against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in wheat stored for 9 months at 30 degrees C and 55 and 70% relative humidity. The aim was to investigate the potential of spinosad for protecting wheat from R. dominica during long-term storage in warm climates. Wheat was treated with spinosad at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg kg(-1) grain and sampled after 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5 and 9 months of storage for bioassays and residue analyses. Residues were estimated to have declined by 30% during 9 months of storage at 30 degrees C and there was no effect of relative humidity. Spinosad applied at 0.5 or 1 mg kg(-1) was completely effective for 9 months, with 100% adult mortality after 14 days of exposure and no live F1 adults produced. Adult mortality was <100% in some samples of wheat treated with 0.1 mg kg(-1) of spinosad, and live progeny were produced in all samples treated at this level. The results show that spinosad is likely to be an effective grain protectant against R. dominica in wheat stored in warm climates.  相似文献   

Toxicity of indoxacarb and spinosad to the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), via three routes of exposure     

Galvan TL  Koch RL  Hutchison WD 《Pest management science》2006,62(9):797-804

The use of selective insecticides may improve conservation of natural enemies and therefore contribute to the success of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. In this study, the toxicity of two commonly used selective insecticides, indoxacarb and spinosad, to the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), was evaluated. Third instars and adults of H. axyridis were exposed to indoxacarb at 50 and 100% of the field rate (FR), to spinosad at 100% FR and to water (untreated check) under laboratory conditions via three routes of exposure. Treatments were applied directly on insects (i.e., topical application), on Petri dishes (i.e., residues), or on soybean aphids, Aphis glycines Matsumara (i.e., treated prey). Mortality of exposed individuals in each life stage was recorded 2 and 7 days after treatment. Logistic regression indicated that indoxacarb at 100% FR, followed by indoxacarb at 50% FR, was more insecticidal than spinosad to third instars. Mortality was higher when H. axyridis were exposed to both insecticides via residues followed by treated prey. Indoxacarb at 100 or 50% FR was insecticidal to adults. Adults were tolerant to spinosad via all routes of exposure. The present results suggest that indoxacarb may decrease H. axyridis field populations by causing mortality to larvae and adults via all routes of exposure. Implications of the toxicity of indoxacarb to H. axyridis within an IPM context and possible reasons for the differences in susceptibility of H. axyridis for each route of exposure are discussed.  相似文献   

多杀菌素对红火蚁的毒力及传导毒杀作用   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

曾鑫年  熊忠华  郭景  黄田福  吴上新 《华南农业大学学报》2006,27(3):26-29

室内测定了生物源杀虫剂多杀菌素对红火蚁的触杀及胃毒毒力,并根据红火蚁的取食生理学,设计出联杯法测定毒饵的传导毒杀活性.结果表明,多杀菌素对红火蚁工蚁的触杀LC50为3.44 mg/L,显著高于对照药剂氟虫腈的LC50值0.76 mg/L;而胃毒LC50为4.22 mg/kg,显著低于氟虫腈的LC50值6.19 mg/kg.联杯法测定结果表明,多杀菌素能通过工蚁的取食和交哺行为进行传导,传导毒力随供药工蚁取食毒饵的活性成分含量上升而增高;当毒饵活性成分为53.64 mg/kg时,处理后8 d受药试蚁死亡率达(64.70±2.37)%.本研究结果显示,多杀菌素对红火蚁具有高胃毒低触杀毒力,适合用于制备红火蚁毒饵的杀虫活性成分,其传导毒杀活性能用联杯法进行测定.  相似文献   

Toxicity of insecticides to populations of tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) from Greece     

Emmanouil Roditakis  Christina Skarmoutsou  Marianna Staurakaki 《Pest management science》2013,69(7):834-840

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多杀霉素亚致死浓度对棉铃虫幼虫生理及代谢的影响     

宋永辉  徐梦超  薛玉莹  魏纪珍  杜孟芳  尹新明  刘晓光  安世恒 《植物保护学报》2021,48(5):1156-1163

为明确田间使用多杀霉素亚致死浓度对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera幼虫的影响,用含多杀霉素亚致死浓度LC₂₅的人工饲料持续饲喂棉铃虫3龄幼虫,并对饲喂后其体重、取食量、累计蛹化率、蛹发育历期和蛹重等生长发育及脂肪体内甘油三脂（triglyceride,TG）含量和相关基因SREBP、FAS和HSL表达情况进行测定。结果表明,多杀霉素对棉铃虫的亚致死浓度LC₂₅为0.21 mg/kg;多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理4~6 d后,棉铃虫3龄幼虫体重分别为0.065、0.263和0.329 g,较对照显著降低;处理6 d后,其取食量为0.082 g,较对照显著降低;处理4~7 d后,其累计化蛹率分别为60.90%、63.20%、65.50%和65.50%,较对照显著降低。多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理后,棉铃虫蛹发育历期由对照9.89 d显著延长至10.74 d,单头蛹重为0.274 g,显著低于对照的0.324 g;其脂肪体TG含量较对照显著降低。多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理24~72 h后,参与脂肪酸合成信号通路中重要基因SREBP和FAS的相对表达量较对照均显著下调,而参与脂肪代谢的重要基因HSL则较对照显著上调。  相似文献   

多素·除虫脲15%悬浮剂的研制     

卢镇  黄文九  王群利  黄华  朱华龙  唐卫 《农药科学与管理》2011,32(9):27-30

介绍了一种以水为介质的环保型新制剂多素.除虫脲15%悬浮剂,通过对分散剂及润湿分散剂品种的筛选,考察了配制的悬浮剂各种控制项目指标以及低温、热贮性能,并确定了最佳配方:多杀霉素2.5%,除虫脲12.5%,NNO 2%,SOPAS-270 1.5%,HT-20002.5%,黄原胶0.1%,CMC 0.5%,乙二醇5%,防腐剂0.3%,有机硅消泡剂0.08%,自来水补足至100%。结果表明,该悬浮剂配方质量稳定,分解率低,悬浮率高,使用安全,有良好的开发应用前景。  相似文献   

Compatibility of spinosad with predaceous mites (Acari) used to control Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)     

Rahman T  Spafford H  Broughton S 《Pest management science》2011,67(8):993-1003

BACKGROUND: Spinosad is a biopesticide widely used for control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). It is reported to be non‐toxic to several predatory mite species used for the biological control of thrips. Predatory mites Typhlodromips montdorensis (Schicha), Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) and Hypoaspis miles (Berlese) have been used for control of F. occidentalis. This study investigated the impact of direct and residual toxicity of spinosad on F. occidentalis and predatory mites. The repellency of spinosad residues to these predatory mites was also investigated. RESULTS: Direct contact to spinosad effectively reduced the number of F. occidentalis adults and larvae, causing > 96% mortality. Spinosad residues aged 2–96 h were also toxic to F. occidentalis. Direct exposure to spinosad resulted in > 90% mortality of all three mite species. Thresholds for the residual toxicity (contact) of spinosad (LT₂₅) were estimated as 4.2, 3.2 and 5.8 days for T. montdorensis, N. cucumeris and H. miles respectively. When mites were simultaneously exposed to spinosad residues and fed spinosad‐intoxicated thrips larvae, toxicity increased. Residual thresholds were re‐estimated as 5.4, 3.9 and 6.1 days for T. montdorensis, N. cucumeris and H. miles respectively. Residues aged 2–48 h repelled T. montdorensis and H. miles, and residues aged 2–24 h repelled N. cucumeris. CONCLUSION: Predatory mites can be safely released 6 days after spinosad is applied for the management of F. occidentalis. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

多杀菌素微球制备关键工艺研究:Ⅰ   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

黄彬彬  黄榕  蔡晓娟  单世斌  吴祖建  吴刚 《农药学学报》2011,13(3):314-318

采用乳化-溶剂挥发法,以聚乳酸(PLA)为成球材料制备了多杀菌素微球。研究了分散剂、自然光照、明胶质量浓度和反应温度对多杀菌素微球质量的影响规律。结果表明,以12.5 mg/mL的明胶水溶液作为反应体系的分散剂,在避光30~35 ℃下可制得粒径小且分布均匀、包封率高(＞98%)的多杀菌素微球。  相似文献