土壤蒸汽消毒机的脉动燃烧器喷管结构及工作特性     

张爱琪  许林云  金晶  武玉柱  樊凯华 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2024,50(2)

为解决因连作障碍等引起的设施园艺中土壤病虫害防治问题,拟开发一种以脉动燃烧器为热动力源的土壤蒸汽消毒机。根据土壤蒸汽消毒机的最小蒸汽量为100 kg/h,确定脉动燃烧器的最小功率为28.2 kW。脉动燃烧器主要由燃烧室与喷管组成,采用长度为200、400、800、1 000 mm的直喷管和800 mm的弯喷管,通过法兰拼接组合成不同长度的直喷管(600、800、1 000、1 400、1 600、1 800、2 200、2 600、2 800、3 000 mm)和弯喷管(800、1 600 mm),研究不同喷管结构对脉动燃烧器启动性能、工作稳定性能等的影响。结果表明：喷管长度在800~2 600 mm启动;工作频率与压力振幅呈线性关系,频率高,压力幅值大;同一长度直喷管的燃油消耗率、频率与压力振幅均大于弯喷管的,且油门开度2、3、4时弯喷管燃烧器压力振幅标准差小,具有更好的稳定性;喷管长度为1 800 mm左右的直喷管脉动燃烧器性能最佳。故选择喷管长度为1 800 mm的弯喷管脉动燃烧器作为土壤蒸汽消毒机蒸汽发生装置热源,既能保证脉动燃烧器的工作特性,又能促使蒸汽发生装置小型化。  相似文献   

蒸汽采暖系统中减压阀的选型与安装     

秦玲 《林业科技情报》2012,(3):44-45

介绍了各类减压阀的特点并进行了比较,论述目前蒸汽系统中减压阀选型的三种方法,并根据实践经验总结了减压阀的安装要点。  相似文献   

超级稻病虫发生特点及其药剂防治技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘见平  刘都才  熊继东  张松柏  徐志德  夏胜平 《植物保护》2005,31(5):39-42

超级稻从孕穗末至齐穗期如遇上连续阴雨天,稻曲病大发生,纹枯病发生较普遍;二化螟、稻飞虱发生量大,危害较重。在超级稻大田生长期,抓住施药适期,选用高效、内吸、广谱、环保型农药,进行3～4次防治,可有效防控病虫危害,达到节本增效、减少农药污染的目的。  相似文献   

SPF鸡饲料高压蒸汽灭菌条件研究     

张世栋  金潍江  秦卓明 《中国饲料》2006,(17):15-16

本试验在121℃条件下,采用不同灭菌时间对不同包装规格的SPF鸡饲料进行高压蒸汽灭菌处理,通过细菌培养和灭菌指示剂对不同处理后饲料的灭菌效果进行检查,以确定饲料最短有效灭菌时间。结果表明,饲料包装尺寸影响高压蒸汽灭菌效果,在包装尺寸合理的前提下,经121℃、20min高压蒸汽处理过的饲料,在30d的保存期内未检测到细菌,可以满足SPF鸡饲料的灭菌要求,生物灭菌指示剂试验得出同样结果。  相似文献   

草地螟滞育和非滞育幼虫抗寒能力的研究     

李朝绪  ;罗礼智;潘贤丽 《植物保护》2006,32(2):41-44

对草地螟幼虫过冷却点和冰点测定的结果表明,光照、温度、幼虫滞育的深度以及虫体含水量均可以影响草地螟幼虫的抗寒能力。长光照(16 h)条件下发育成的非滞育幼虫过冷却点、冰点均显著低于短光照(10 h)发育而成的滞育幼虫;无论是非滞育幼虫还是滞育幼虫,经低温处理后抗寒能力都会上升。经4℃处理1 d的非滞育幼虫冰点为-2.28℃,而处理25 d的则降低到-4.76℃,过冷却点可从-13.97℃降低到-21.47℃;经4℃处理25、35 d的滞育幼虫,其过冷却点分别为-25.82、-26.79℃,冰点分别为-5.59-、9.13℃。滞育幼虫的过冷却点、冰点与其体重不相关,但与其体内的含水量显著相关。  相似文献   

A review of non-chemical weed control on hard surfaces   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A M RASK  & P KRISTOFFERSEN 《Weed Research》2007,47(5):370-380

Weed control research to date has mainly focused on arable land, especially regarding herbicides, but also regarding non‐chemical methods. Some of these experiences can be applied to hard surface areas. However, weeds on hard surface areas cause problems that are different from those on arable land. Additionally, crop tolerance does not need to be considered when choosing an appropriate weed control method on these areas. The aim of this review is to describe current knowledge of weeds and weed control methods on hard surface areas and reveal potential ways of advancement. One of the shortcomings of non‐chemical weed control on hard surfaces thus far, is a lack of proper definition of efficiency of the weed control methods. To obtain effective control, more frequently repeated treatments are required than chemical weed management, thereby increasing the costs of labour and fuel. One way to reduce costs can be by adjusting the level of control to the required visual street quality. Weeds are adapted to the hard surface environment and may be less susceptible to certain control methods. This review indicates that for efficient weed control on hard surfaces there is a need for combining weed control techniques, applying sensors for detecting weeds, adapting the energy dose to type of weed flora and prevention of weeds by improved construction of new surfaces.  相似文献   

两种氮肥用量对超级稻产量性状和病虫害发生的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

王玲  黄世文  林贤青  张玉屏  陈惠哲  朱德锋 《植物保护》2007,33(3):76-80

以6个超级杂交稻组合为材料,初步研究了两种氮肥用量条件下对水稻产量性状和病虫害发生的影响。结果表明,施纯氮360 kg/hm²与施纯氮180 kg/hm²相比,水稻单位面积的有效穗数增加,单株的每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重下降,1 hm²稻田减产6.2%～10.3%。氮肥施用量过高,造成水稻生育后期稻纵卷叶螟、褐飞虱、水稻纹枯病和烟煤病危害加重,尤其是易引起腐生性煤炱菌的滋长。  相似文献   

肉桂挥发油的提取与应用研究     

王红涛 《北京农业》2012,(36)

以肉桂为材料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取肉桂挥发油,并对其挥发油的主要应用进行研究,分别考察了蒸馏时间和加水量两种因素对挥发油提取率的影响。并通过实验证明肉桂挥发油对大肠杆菌具有抑菌作用。  相似文献   

Physical activation of biochar and its meaning for soil fertility and nutrient leaching – a greenhouse experiment     

A. Wolf  R. Aeckersberg  H. W. Scherer  A. Moeller  W. Amelung 《Soil Use and Management》2012,28(2):177-184

The slow alteration of the surface of charred biomass (biochar) over time may contribute to an improved nutrient retention and thus fertility of tropical soils. Here, we investigated soils from temperate climates and investigated whether a technical steam activation of biochar could accelerate its positive effects on nutrient retention and uptake by plants relative to nonactivated biochar. To this aim, we performed microcosm experiments with sandy or silty soil, mixed with 2.0, 7.5 and 15.0 g/kg soil of fine (<2 mm) or coarse‐sized (2–10 mm) biochar from beech wood (Fagus sp.). After initial fertilizer (NPK), ashes and excess nutrients were leached with water, and the microcosms were planted for 142 days with Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ssp. italicum). Thereafter, leachate, soil and plant samples were analysed for their nutrient contents. The results showed that biochar additions of ≤15 g/kg soil left elevated contents of available P and N in the surface soil but reduced their uptake into the plants. As a result, total biomass production was unchanged. Different particle size and application amounts influenced these findings only marginally. Nitrate leaching was enhanced in the sandy soil (+41% for nitrate, but reduced in the silty soil ?17%) and P was immobilized. Hence, the fertility of the temperate soils under study was only marginally affected by pure biochar amendments. Steam activation, however, almost doubled the positive effects of biochars in all instances, thus being an interesting option for future biochar applications.  相似文献   

棉花超宽膜滴灌应用新技术     

刘翠珍 《北京农业》2012,(3):21

一些特殊的棉花杂交品系,因其为多式果枝且为单株优势较强的品种在子行的播种行距上可适当放宽,曝光面的宽度则要压缩。超宽膜滴灌既可以增温保苗,又可以保墒促苗,同时还能节水节地。棉花超宽膜滴灌技术的应用,会成为增产增效的良好平台。  相似文献