川三蕊柳扦插繁殖试验     

许琪  杨广军  潘新军  李锡泉 《湖南林业科技》2014,(3):42-45

以川三蕊柳1年生嫩枝、1年生粗壮枝和2年生粗壮枝为试材,选取水塘、水田和旱地3种不同生境,采用直插法和斜插法进行扦插育苗试验。结果表明:川三蕊柳扦插育苗对生境要求较高,以1年生粗壮枝在水田中用直插法进行扦插育苗,其苗木的成活率最高,生长最好。  相似文献   

铁皮石斛组培苗生长差异与移栽成活率相关性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

索海翠  王科翰  李武  李智军  蔡时可  郑锦荣 《广东农业科学》2014,41(14):20-23

为了确定不同添加物处理对铁皮石斛组培苗生长和移栽后成活的影响,在培养基中分别添加食用甘薯粉、工业甘薯粉、食用马铃薯粉、工业马铃薯粉、木薯粉、香蕉粉以及香蕉泥进行培养,2个月后对组培苗进行移栽驯化,并统计地上部及地下部指标,4 个月后统计移栽成活率。结果表明,添加食用甘薯粉处理的组培苗鲜重和分蘖数最多;而添加香蕉泥处理有利于组培苗株高、节间数、叶片数及2~5 cm之间根数的增加;添加工业甘薯粉处理的组培苗茎粗最粗。各处理对移栽成活率的影响因素由高到低依次为：香蕉泥＞工业甘薯粉木薯粉＞工业马铃薯粉＞食用甘薯粉＞香蕉粉跃食用马铃薯粉。通过对不同添加物处理下组培苗性状与移栽成活率的灰度关联分析,得出影响石斛组培苗成活率的首要因子为节间数,其次为叶片数和株高袁而2~5 cm根条数,大于5cm根条数、鲜重、平均节间长、总根数、分蘖数、茎粗尧小于2cm根条数等指标与移栽成活率关联度较低。因此,在铁皮石斛组培过程中,除了注意诱导生根外,还要注意添加物的种类,尤其以能促进其节间数、株高、叶片数增加的添加物最为重要。  相似文献   

盐度对脊尾白虾存活、生长和蜕壳的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

龙晓文  吴旭干  刘智俊  李嘉尧  于智勇  汤臣栋  马强  成永旭 《广东农业科学》2014,41(23):111-115

研究了盐度突变对脊尾白虾成活的影响,以及水体盐度(0、6‰、12‰、18‰)对单个体养殖条件下脊尾白虾生长、成活和蜕壳的影响.结果表明:(1)盐度由6‰到0的突变组,脊尾白虾的成活率最低,96 h成活率仅为6.67％;而盐度由6‰至12‰、18‰的突变组,96 h的成活率均在93％以上.(2)单个体养殖试验结果表明,随着水体盐度提高(盐度0～12‰条件下),脊尾白虾最终体长、总体长增长率和成活率均有增加趋势;盐度超过12‰时,总体长增长率显著下降,但成活率变化不大.(3)盐度对脊尾白虾的蜕壳周期有一定影响,盐度12‰组虾的第1次、第5次、第8次和第9次蜕壳周期最长;整体上,盐度12‰组平均蜕壳周期最长(9.57 d),盐度0组平均蜕壳周期相对较短(8.47 d).因此,脊尾白虾对盐度低于6‰的水体适应性较差,盐度12‰有利于提高该虾的生长速度和成活率.  相似文献   

渤海对虾流网作业中掉虾数量及其成活率的研究     

黄耆吾  阎永祥 《水产学报》1989,13(3):189-199

根据对虾流网结构特点设计兼有捕虾和接获网上掉虾功能的专用网具,研究了对虾流网作业全过程的掉虾数量;同时还对暂养模拟掉虾和对虾在网上直接死亡率作了调查;并研究了流网掉下对虾的成活率。所得结果为调整渤海区秋季对虾汛的捕捞结构,实行以流网代替拖网作业的管理决策提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Stocking density and artificial habitat influence stock structure and yield from intensive nursery systems for mud crabs Scylla serrata (Forsskål 1775)     

David L Mann  Tom Asakawa  Beverley Kelly  Trent Lindsay  & Brian Paterson 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(14):1580-1587

Intensive nursery systems are designed to culture mud crab postlarvae through a critical phase in preparation for stocking into growout systems. This study investigated the influence of stocking density and provision of artificial habitat on the yield of a cage culture system. For each of three batches of postlarvae, survival, growth and claw loss were assessed after each of three nursery phases ending at crab instars C1/C2, C4/C5 and C7/C8. Survival through the first phase was highly variable among batches with a maximum survival of 80% from megalops to a mean crab instar of 1.5. Stocking density between 625 and 2300 m⁻² did not influence survival or growth in this first phase. Stocking densities tested in phases 2 and 3 were 62.5, 125 and 250 m⁻². At the end of phases 2 and 3, there were five instar stages present, representing a more than 20‐fold size disparity within the populations. Survival became increasingly density‐sensitive following the first phase, with higher densities resulting in significantly lower survival (phase 2: 63% vs. 79%; phase 3: 57% vs. 64%). The addition of artificial habitat in the form of pleated netting significantly improved survival at all densities. The mean instar attained by the end of phase 2 was significantly larger at a lower stocking density and without artificial habitat. No significant effect of density or habitat on harvest size was detected in phase 3. The highest incidence of claw loss was 36% but was reduced by lowering stocking densities and addition of habitat. For intensive commercial production, yield can be significantly increased by addition of a simple net structure but rapidly decreases the longer crablets remain in the nursery.  相似文献   

The effect of photoperiod on growth, survival, colour and activity of juvenile southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii     

B J Crear  P R Hart  & C W Thomas 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(6):439-444

Juvenile (1–10 g) southern rock lobsters, Jasus edwardsii, were subjected to five photoperiods [0L(light):24D(dark); 6L:18D; 12L:12D; 18L:6D; 24L:0D] during a 112‐day trial, and growth, survival, colour, food consumption and activity were examined. Lobsters grown under the 6L:18D and 24L:0D photoperiods had significantly lower (P < 0.05) final mean weight and specific growth rate than any other treatments. Photoperiod had no effect on survival or colour of lobsters. Food consumption differed significantly during the first week of the trial; after 5 weeks, food consumption was similar in all treatments. Major peaks in activity occurred during dark periods for lobsters exposed to photoperiods that had a light:dark regime. Activity of lobsters exposed to continuous light or dark regimes remained constant and at low levels during the 24‐h period. Food consumption or activity does not appear to determine the rate of growth of lobsters in the different photoregimes. One over‐riding outcome of this and other studies on photoperiod is that the growth and survival response of juvenile J. edwardsii was not significantly better than those of the standard 12L:12D cycle.  相似文献   

Population trends in northern spotted owls: Associations with climate in the Pacific Northwest   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Elizabeth M. Glenn  Robert G. Anthony 《Biological conservation》2010,143(11):2543-2552

We used reverse time capture-mark-recapture models to describe associations between rate of population change (λ) and climate for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) at six long-term study areas in Washington and Oregon, USA. Populations in three of six areas showed strong evidence of declining populations, while populations in two additional areas were likely declining as well. At four areas, λ was positively associated with wetter-than-normal conditions during the growing season, which likely affects prey availability. Lambda was also negatively associated with cold, wet winters and nesting seasons, and the number of hot summer days. The amount of annual variation in λ accounted for by climate varied across study areas (3-85%). Rate of population change was more sensitive to adult survival than to recruitment; however, there was considerable variation among years and across study areas for all demographic rates. While annual survival was more closely related to regional climate conditions, recruitment was often associated with local weather. In addition to climate, declines in recruitment at four of six areas were associated with increased presence of barred owls. Climate change models predict warmer, wetter winters and hotter, drier summers for the Pacific Northwest in the first half of the 21st century. Our results indicate that these conditions have the potential to negatively affect annual survival, recruitment, and consequently population growth rates for northern spotted owls.  相似文献   

Selection of Variovorax paradoxus-like bacteria in the mycosphere and the role of fungal-released compounds     

F.G.H. Boersma  J.A. Warmink  J.D. van Elsas 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(12):2137-2145

At two occasions (2004 and 2006), a similar cluster of culturable bacteria was found to be selected in the mycosphere of the basidiomycetous fungus Laccaria proxima (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) in the field. The bacteria, identified as related to Variovorax paradoxus, comprised 7.3-9% of the total culturable bacterial community in the L. proxima mycosphere, but were not found in corresponding bulk soil (<0.3%). One strain, denoted HB44, was selected in order to unravel the basis of the V. paradoxus mycosphere competence in in vitro experiments with the former Laccaria laccata, which was recently reclassified as Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae). In liquid culture experiments, L. strain Karsten was shown to be an avid producer of glycerol, next to acetate and formate, which constituted the most abundant carbonaceous compounds released. Strain HB44 was able to grow avidly at the expense of the glycerol liberated by the fungus, as evidenced by proton NMR analysis of the fungal exudates in the medium before and after bacterial growth. In sterilized field soil, strain HB44 survived significantly better in the presence than in the absence of L. strain Karsten. Addition of a glycerol series to the sterilized soil (without the fungus) resulted in the persistence or growth of strain HB44, but only if the pH of this soil was previously set at 5.5. Thus, we provide evidence for the contention that tricholomataceous fungi can create specific niches in soil for the V. paradoxus-related strain HB44 and that glycerol may be a main carbon source that drives the selection of this organism.  相似文献   

Manufacturing Different Diet Sizes and Its Effect on Pellet Water Stability and Growth of Three Size Classes of Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei     

《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(4):57-66

Abstract

A feed manufacturing method involving the production of large pellets followed by crumbling to desired diet sizes was used to produce six shrimp diets to determine its effect on growth of three size classes of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The six diets containing 45% protein were 0.7 mm crumble, 1.2 mm crumble, 1.7 mm crumble, 2.2 mm crumble, 2.6 mm crumble, and 3.0 mm pellet. These diets were fed to three size classes of shrimp subjected to a four-week growth trial under indoor laboratory conditions. Stocking density was 12 shrimp/aquarium for size class 1 (1.13iö.01 g), 9 shrimp/aquarium for size class 2 (7.31iö.06 g), and 6 shrimp/aquarium for size class 3 (13.12iö. 10 g). Shrimp were fed three times daily and were evaluated for live weight, growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival. Results for shrimp growth appeared to be affected by diet size and pellet water stability. The effects of diet size, however, were more evident on smaller sized shrimp. Weekly growth rates for class 1 and class 2 shrimp indicated significant responses (P < 0.05) to the effects of diet size, while the class 3 shrimp did not show any significant result. The growth rates for both class 1 and class 2 shrimp were lowest at the smallest diet size (0.7 mm crumble) but differed with respect to highest growth rates. The largest diet (3.0 mm pellets) yielded the highest growth rates for class 1 shrimp, while medium sized feed (2.2 mm crumble) produced the best growth for class 2 shrimp. This could be partly attributed to pellet water stability, which had a direct correlation to diet size (r = 0.97). Smaller diet sizes resulting from crumbling larger pellets tend to have lower water stability. The water stability decreased from 82.5% to 76.3% as the 3.0 mm pellets were reduced to 0.7 mm crumbles. Stress cracks are created during crumbling, and surface area to volume ratio are increased as larger particles are reduced to crumbles. These would make smaller diet particles more susceptible to disintegration and nutrient leaching. For class 3 shrimp, the largest pellets produced the highest growth rate. This high growth value, however, was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from growth results produced by the crumbled feed sizes. This observation suggests that diet sizes ranging from 0.7 mm crumble to 3.0 mm pellet could be used for a 13 g shrimp, although preference would be given to larger pellets due to higher growth performance and better pellet water stability. Results for shrimp live weights were similar to results obtained for weekly growth rates. FCR and survival of all shrimp sizes did not show any significant response from the effects of various diet sizes. However, larger shrimp were less efficient in their diet utilization than smaller shrimp.  相似文献   

福建酸竹造林母竹的选择   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许冰峰 《福建林学院学报》2000,20(3):235-237

福建酸竹造林成活率与其母竹的各器官结构特征发育息息相关 .侧枝型大 ,根系总重大 ,根系分岔级数多 ,且竹鞭上壮芽数丰富的 2～ 4年生竹株移栽易成功 ,尤以 2年生竹株为好  相似文献