小麦全蚀病抗病性研究进展及其育种途径探讨     

刘亚飞  刘振东  郭瑞林 《河南农业科学》2012,41(9):6-9

阐述了小麦全蚀病致病性遗传规律,并从黑麦、燕麦、冰草属、粗山羊草、簇毛麦和华山新麦草等6个近缘种属中抗全蚀病基因的发现,回顾了国内外小麦全蚀病抗性研究取得的成就。在此基础上,提出了将小麦全蚀病抗性基因导入普通小麦的5条思路或途径。  相似文献   

枯草芽胞杆菌YB-05对小麦全蚀病菌胞内酶活的影响     

孙润红  徐俊蕾  杨丽荣  张洁  夏明聪  武超  薛保国  吴坤 《中国生物防治学报》2018,34(1):156-162

小麦全蚀病菌是影响小麦产量和质量的主要致病菌之一,前期研究表明枯草芽胞杆菌YB-05对小麦全蚀病菌的生长具有抑制作用。本试验拟通过研究该菌对小麦全蚀病菌相关酶系的诱导变化情况,解析其对小麦全蚀病菌的抑制作用机理。本试验以小麦全蚀病菌Gaeumannomyces gramini（Sacc.）Arx et Oliver var. tritici（Sacc.）Walker为靶标菌,加入终浓度为MIC₅₀枯草芽胞杆菌YB-05发酵液,通过显微镜观察菌株YB-05发酵液对小麦全蚀病菌菌丝结构和形态的影响,通过酶活力测定检测菌株YB-05发酵液对小麦全蚀病菌胞内苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）防御酶活的影响,同时检测菌株YB-05发酵液在离体/活体条件下对小麦全蚀病菌线粒体复合酶Ⅱ/Ⅲ活力的影响。小麦全蚀病菌经菌株YB-05发酵液处理后,显微镜观察到其菌丝变粗、断裂,顶端膨大,分枝增多;处理8 d后,胞内的PAL、POD、CAT、PPO和SOD活性比对照依次高24.52%、72.67%、81.81%、80.36%和112.48%;离体条件处理,线粒体复合酶Ⅱ和Ⅲ的活性与对照组相比差异不显著,而活体条件处理下差异显著,线粒体复合酶Ⅱ和Ⅲ分别比对照组分别降低43.95%和55.87%。菌株YB-05发酵液通过结合小麦全蚀病菌线粒体复合酶Ⅱ和Ⅲ的相关基因,从而影响该基因的表达,抑制小麦全蚀病菌线粒体复合酶Ⅱ和Ⅲ的活力,影响小麦全蚀病菌的呼吸,进而导致抑制小麦全蚀病菌菌丝畸变,从而影响小麦全蚀病菌的正常生长。  相似文献   

Explaining variation in the effects of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) on nitrogen and water uptake by winter wheat     

C. Pillinger †‡  N. Paveley  M. J. Foulkes  J. Spink 《Plant pathology》2005,54(4):491-501

Two field experiments, in 1999 and 2000, were used to test whether reductions in root growth and function explained the effects of take-all on crop water and nitrogen uptake. The fungicide silthiofam was used to manipulate take-all independently of other factors. Soil water content was manipulated from heading to determine effects on disease progress and resource capture. Epidemic progress was significantly delayed in the presence of silthiofam, leading to reductions in disease in both experiments. Effects of silthiofam were reduced by increasing soil water late in the season, although only in 2000 did increased soil water content have a direct effect, leading to a higher rate of disease increase. Higher levels of disease in the absence of silthiofam did not affect root growth as measured by total root length density (TRLD), but did lead to significantly reduced healthy root length density (HRLD, a measure of functional roots) in both experiments. Only in 2000 were there any significant effects of increased take-all on water and nitrogen uptake. This was attributed to the higher TRLD in the (1999) crop, which allowed HRLDs to be maintained above a critical threshold (where water and nitrogen uptake start to be severely affected) despite loss of functional root to disease. The effects of take-all on nitrogen uptake were more likely to affect crop canopy size and duration than the relatively small effects observed on water uptake. Increasing soil water content allowed the crop to take up more water in absolute terms despite, in 2000, increasing levels of disease and reducing HRLD.  相似文献   

小麦对全蚀病抗性的快速评价方法及其应用     

邓渊钰  郑青松  李伟  孙海燕  张爱香  陈怀谷 《麦类作物学报》2014,34(7):1003-1009

为建立一种小麦对全蚀病抗性的快速评价方法,将催芽2d的小麦种子置于垫有湿滤纸的培养皿中,在每个种子根中部接一个直径3mm的禾顶囊壳小麦变种的菌碟,25℃下室内培养5d,量取根上病斑的长度,利用病斑的平均长度确定小麦品种的抗病性以及病原菌致病力的强弱。用已知抗性的品种和已知致病力的菌株对该方法进行检验,得到了相符合的结果;用该方法对多个菌株的致病力进行测定,所得结果与盆栽法测定的结果有较高的相关性。表明该方法可用于小麦对全蚀病抗性的评价,具有快速、简便等优点。用该方法对58株全蚀病菌的致病力和53个小麦品种的抗病性进行了测试。结果显示,菌株间致病力有明显差异;小麦品种抗性水平普遍较低,中抗品种仅占13.2%,其余均为感病品种。  相似文献   

青稞全蚀病和根腐病生防毛壳菌的筛选及鉴定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

岳海梅  庄华  巩文峰  张新军 《麦类作物学报》2017,(10):1390-1397

青稞根腐病与青稞全蚀病是西藏青稞的常见根部病害,为筛选适合于防治青稞全蚀病与根腐病的毛壳菌,通过皿内拮抗试验、发酵粗提物抑菌试验和温室盆栽防效试验对4株毛壳菌的抑菌活性进行了鉴定,通过形态学和分子生物学方法对高活性菌株进行了鉴定。结果发现,在皿内拮抗试验中,毛壳菌41-4在培养第7天至第9天时,对青稞根腐病和全蚀病的抑制率分别达到60.00%和44.44%,抑菌带宽度均达到1.4cm。培养7d时毛壳菌41-4发酵粗提物对青稞根腐病和全蚀病的抑制率分别达到64.44%和60.00%,抑菌带宽度均达到1.5cm。在温室盆栽防效试验中,毛壳菌41-4对青稞根腐病和全蚀病的发病严重度和病情指数均有降低作用,防效分别达到62.67%和39.45%。结合形态学特征和核糖体基因内转录间隔区(rDNAITS)序列构建系统发育树,将菌株41-4鉴定为球毛壳菌Chaetomium globosum。该生防菌株可用于开发微生物菌肥,对西藏的无公害农业生产和保护西藏的原生态具有重要意义。  相似文献   

玉米全蚀病的药剂防治   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹鹏翔  范香久 《沈阳农业大学学报》1990,21(4):309-312

  相似文献   

小麦全蚀病生防微生物筛选研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李乐  孙虎  李洪连 《河南农业科学》2006,(3):63-65

通过对峙培养,从160株土壤微生物分离物中筛选出8株对小麦全蚀病菌生长有较强抑制作用的生防菌株,其中,真菌T4菌株抑菌活性最强,为63.41%;其次为S37、B22和YB024,抑菌率分别为60.37%,59.15%,53.17%。对8个生防菌株进一步进行了盆栽和田间小区防效试验,结果表明,放线菌菌株YB024对小麦全蚀病的防效最高,盆栽和小区试验防效分别达到56.90%和53.31%,优于对照杀菌剂立克秀拌种处理;其次为放线菌菌株S89,盆栽和小区试验防效分别为53.77%和36.88%;细菌菌株B22居第3位,盆栽和小区试验防效分别为52.73%和34.69%。  相似文献   

基于近地成像光谱的小麦全蚀病等级监测   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

乔红波  师越  司海平  吴旭  郭伟  时雷  马新明  周益林 《农业工程学报》2014,30(20):172-178

小麦全蚀病是检疫性的土传病害,对小麦生产危害极大,对其发生的监测是治理的根本。遥感技术可实时、宏观监测病害发生发展,尤其是成像光谱技术的图谱合一,可精准对病害识别和分类。该文首先通过主成分分析提取不同小麦白穗率的冠层光谱特征;再通过灰色聚类分析方法,研究白穗率等级的可分性;最后利用基于径向基(RBF,radial basis function)核函数的支持向量机对全蚀病害的近地成像高光谱图像进行分类,从而验证近地成像光谱在全蚀病监测上的可行性。研究结果显示:该方法对5种程度的小麦全蚀病白穗率的分类精度均达94%以上,Kappa值大于0.8。研究表明利用该方法,通过近地成像光谱图像可以准确监测小麦全蚀病的病情,对小麦全蚀病的治理有指导意义。  相似文献   

禾顶囊壳两个变种对草坪禾草的致病性比较   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2  

石仁才  商鸿生  王美南 《草业学报》2002,11(4):52-56

采用人工接种法测定了禾顶囊壳燕麦变种和小麦变种对主要草坪禾草的致病性，供试草种包括多年生黑麦草，一年生黑麦草，草地早熟禾，高羊茅，硬羊茅，细弱剪股颖，匍匐剪股颖和狗牙根等，结果表明，辆变种都引起全蚀病的典型症状，病株根系，根状茎，根颈和基部叶鞘等部位变褐色或黑色而腐烂，叶片黄化，植株瘦弱矮小，小麦变种的致病力与燕麦变种相当或略高，供试草种间发病程度明显不同，狗牙根，匍匐剪股颖和细弱剪股颖发病最重，多年生黑麦草较轻，在我国尚未发现燕麦变种，小麦变种发生亦不广泛，二者都具有检疫重要性。  相似文献   

Effects of Biofertilizers on Mn and Zn Acquisition and Growth of Higher Plants: A Rhizobox Experiment     

Zafrin Akter  Günter Neumann  Römheld Volker 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(4):596-608

Plant disease resistance and susceptibility are greatly influenced by the availability of micronutrients, particularly manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). Take-all disease of wheat, caused by a strong Mn oxidizing fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici, Ggt), results in a lack of availability of Mn to plants and increases disease severity in wheat. Three commercial Trichoderma harzianum (Vitalin T-50, BioHealth®-WSG, and BioHealth®-G) and one Bacillus subtilis (Vitalin SP-11) were investigated individually and in combination (Vitalin T-50 and Vitalin SP-11) for growth promotion and Mn/Zn uptake of take-all infected wheat in a rhizobox experiment under greenhouse conditions. Inoculation with Trichoderma and Bacillus biofertilizers did not increase the shoot dry weight and shoot to root ratio, whilst shoot length was significantly increased with Vitalin T-50 and Biohealth-G treatments in the final harvest. Biofertilizers inoculation that significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced root surface area and root dry weight were Vitalin T-50, BioHelath-G and combination of Vitalin (T-50 + SP-11). The bulk soil pH was not influenced by biofertilizer inoculation, whereas rhizosphere and rhizoplane soil pH were significantly reduced (0.3 – 0.4 pH scale) in Vitalin (T-50 + SP-11) and BioHealth-G treatments and to a lesser extent by Vitalin T-50 inoculation. Manganese uptake in shoots of wheat exhibited no significant differences among the biofertilizer treatments. On the contrary, Zn uptake was significantly higher in Vitalin T-50, Vitalin (T-50 + SP-11), BioHealth-G, and BioHealth-WSG (47, 64, 44, and 45%, respectively) inoculated plants. Therefore, Vitalin T-50 and Biohealth-G showed better performance in improving plant growth and Zn uptake.  相似文献