饲料中植物单宁的抗营养性及其生物降解   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

吕远平  姚开  贾冬英 《中国畜牧杂志》2003,39(2):42-43

由于植物单宁分子结构和化学性质的特殊性 ,使其对食草动物具有抗营养作用。植物单宁的生物降解是解决其抗营养作用的有效途径。本文综述了对植物单宁的抗营养性及其生物降解的研究进展 ,并根据作者本人的研究体会 ,对其机理进行了阐述。  相似文献   

阳离子单宁-聚铝复合絮凝剂处理高有机物含量废水的研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

吴剑平  房华  罗文静  谢家理 《林产化学与工业》2004,24(2):11-14

37％甲醛溶液40mL，33％二甲胺水溶液80mL，室温下反应1．5h得预反应液。落叶松栲胶54．7g，60℃下与预反应液100mL反应2．5h，骤冷至室温，用氯化铵和盐酸的混合溶液调反应液pn值至4．5～5．0，继续反应1h。所得产物(CAT)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)混合反应得到复合絮凝剂，最佳反应条件为：CAT：PAC为1：4(质量比)，反应温度30℃，反应时间1h。所得复合絮凝剂适用于室温下处理酸性高有机物含量废水，絮凝剂投加量100mg/L。可过滤态CODcr去除率可达60％以上，色度去除率70％以上，浊度去除率80％以上。  相似文献   

The effect of canola meal tannins on the intestinal absorption capacity of broilers using a D‐xylose test          下载免费PDF全文

B. Mansoori  A. Rogiewicz  B. A. Slominski 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(6):1084-1093

In three D‐xylose absorption experiments, the effect of 1% HCl/methanol, 70% methanol or 70% acetone extracts of canola meal (CM) or 70% acetone extract of soybean meal (SBM) containing polyphenols, phenolic acids, tannins and phytic acid on intestinal absorption capacity of broilers was determined. In Exp. 1, the experimental groups received orally D‐xylose solution alone or with methanol/HCl, methanol or acetone extracts of CM. In Exp. 2, the experimental groups received D‐xylose alone or with acetone extracts of CM or SBM. In Exp. 3, the experimental groups received D‐xylose plus sucrose solution or D‐xylose plus acetone extracts of CM or SBM. In Exps. 2 and 3, the CM extracts contained 2.7 and 2.6, 2.4 and 2.3, 3.2 and 3.2, and 2.4 and 2.2 times higher polyphenols, phenolic acids, tannins and condensed tannins than the corresponding SBM extracts respectively. Blood samples were collected in 40‐min intervals, and plasma D‐xylose was measured. Compared to the Control, plasma D‐xylose in Exp. 1 was lower (p < 0.001) by 81, 69 and 73% at 40‐min, by 41, 44 and 37% at 80‐min and by 22, 31, and 23% at 120‐min post‐ingestion of the HCl/methanol, methanol and acetone extracts respectively. In both Exps. 2 and 3, plasma D‐xylose level was lower (p < 0.001) in groups dosed with CM extract or SBM extract at each time of blood collection, when compared to the respective Control group. However, in Exp. 3, birds dosed with SBM extract had higher plasma D‐xylose than CM extract‐dosed birds by 28, 8 and 21% at 40, 80 and 120 min respectively (p < 0.01). In conclusion, although CM extract caused a lower absorption of D‐xylose, based on 5 to 10% of CM inclusion levels in practical broiler rations, the soluble bioactive components of CM will likely have minor impact on the absorption capacity of the chicken intestine.  相似文献   

不同林龄短枝木麻黄小枝单宁含量及养分再吸收动态     

叶功富  张尚炬  张立华  卢昌义  林益明 《勤云标准版测试》2013,33(19):6107-6113

通过对福建省惠安县不同林龄短枝木麻黄人工林不同发育阶段小枝单宁含量及氮磷再吸收率的研究,探讨了短枝木麻黄林分发育过程中的营养保存策略。结果表明,幼龄林(5年生)成熟小枝中的总酚(TP)、可溶性缩合单宁(ECT)总缩合单宁(TCT)含量及蛋白质结合能力(PPC)显著高于成熟林(21年生)和衰老林(38年生)。随着林分发育,成熟小枝中N含量显著升高,而P含量呈降低趋势。不同发育阶段林分成熟小枝中N:P比均大于20,且随着林龄的增加而升高。磷再吸收率(PRE)显著高于氮再吸收率(NRE),均以成熟林分最高。这表明短枝木麻黄小枝单宁含量与养分再吸收受林龄影响,其养分保存机制会随着林分生长发育的变化而进行调节。  相似文献   

单宁和纳米SiO₂改性大豆基胶黏剂的制备及其性能     

张二兵  涂伊静  叶曼玉  朱志强  陈奶荣 《林产化学与工业》2022,(1):36-42

为制备无甲醛的环保型生物基木材胶黏剂,以单宁和纳米SiO₂改性脱脂豆粉制备大豆基胶黏剂（DSF）,并分析了改性大豆基胶黏剂的性能。研究结果显示：单宁和纳米SiO₂二元复合改性大豆基胶黏剂（DSF-T-SiO₂）在固化过程中能够形成稳定的交联结构;TG分析表明单宁和SiO₂改性显著提高了胶黏剂的热稳定性;单宁改性大豆基胶黏剂（DSF-T）可提高干态和湿态胶合性能,纳米SiO₂改性大豆基胶黏剂（DSF-SiO₂）的干态胶合性能略有提高,但湿态胶合性能无明显改善。经分析以25 g脱脂豆粉、 5 g单宁、 0.1 g纳米SiO₂和70 g去离子水混合均匀搅拌得到的改性胶黏剂DSF-T-SiO₂-2的起始黏度比未改性的DSF降低了79.58%;DSF-T-SiO₂-2的固化胶层水溶解率为（27.5±0.05）%,比对照组DSF下降了28.4个百分点。此外,DSF-T-SiO₂-2...  相似文献   

单宁添加剂对育肥羊生产性能、血清生化指标和养分消化率的影响     

陈锡  曾献存  胡波  刘彤  戴丽颖  南珊珊 《新疆农业科学》2022,59(9):2318-2323

【目的】 研究单宁添加剂对育肥羊生产性能、血液生化指标和养分消化率的影响。【方法】 选择30只五月龄,体重为25~30 kg的育肥羊随机分成3组,每组10个重复。分别是空白对照组：A组,饲喂基础日粮;试验组：B组在基础日粮中添加10 g/d单宁,C组在基础日粮中添加15 g/d单宁。试验预饲期为7 d,正饲期为42 d,整个试验周期为 49 d。饲喂结束后,检测其生长性能、相关血清生化指标和营养物质表观消化率。【结果】 B组和C组的日增重都高于A组;与A组相比,B组和C组的谷丙转氨酶水平显著提高（P<0.05）;B组和C组的总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、肌酐和葡萄糖等血清生化指标均无显著影响;与A组相比,B组的碱性磷酸酶含量显著提高（P<0.05）,C组差异不显著;B组的粗蛋白表观消化率低于A、C两组（P>0.05）,干物质、粗脂肪、钙和NDF等的表观消化率均无显著差异。【结论】 在育肥羊日粮中添加10、15 g/d单宁添加剂可以改善育肥羊的生产性能,对谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、尿素和粗蛋白含量的影响较大。  相似文献   

杨梅叶提取物抗烟草花叶病毒活性及其化学成分初步研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

沈建国  谢荔岩  翟梅枝  林奇英  谢联辉 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,33(4):441-443

以烟草花叶病毒(Tobaccomosaicvirus,TMV)为供试病毒,对杨梅叶提取物抗病毒活性进行测定.结果表明,杨梅叶提取物具有较强的体外钝化和抗病毒侵染作用;通过系统预试和含量测定,初步确定杨梅叶提取物中主要含有黄酮和鞣质2类成分,两者含量分别在水和体积分数为70%的乙醇提取物中较高.  相似文献   

Protein quality and antinutritional factors in wild and cultivated species ofVigna spp     

Emilia Carnovale  Elena Lugaro  Emanuele Marconi 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(1):11-20

The nutritional quality of wild and cultivated species ofVigna has been evaluated. Wild species showed significantly higher protein content (P<0.01), antitryptic activity (P<0.005) and tannin content (P<0.025) and significantly lower protein digestibility (P<0.005). No significant differences were found with regard to protein quality, measured as chemical score corrected by the digestibility; sulphur amino acids turned out to be limiting in both groups. In addition no correlations were found between sulphur amino acids and protein levels, or between sulphur amino acid and trypsin inhibitor levels.Selected lines showed an improvement from the nutritional point of view linked to lower antitryptic factors and tannin content, which may give rise to a decreased resistance to pests. For all the properties considered, whether physical or biochemical, wild samples presented wider variations and the types considered most primitive were those that differed most from the cultivated ones, whose properties were altogether more consistent. In vitro protein digestibility turned out to be a useful parameter in evaluating wild and improved samples.IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) fellowship recipients.  相似文献   

The nutritive quality of sorghum-commonbean tempe     

J. K. Mugula 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1992,42(3):247-256

The nutritive quality of sorghum-commonbean (40:60) tempe manufactured byRhizopus oligosporus: Rhizopus oryzae (1:1) mixed culture fermentation was determined. The protein, crude fat and ash content increased slightly while carbohydrates decreased. The dietary fibre of the tempe increased by 10%. Mould fermentation increased the content of reducing sugars, total acid and aminonitrogen 15.3, 6.7 and 4.6-fold, respectively. It decreased the phytate content by 44% and it increased the tannic acid content by 52%.In vivo iron absorption increased from 2.8 to 12.5%. The protein efficiency ratio of tempe was 1.61±0.33; the net protein ratio was 2.39±0.20; thein vitro andin vivo protein digestibility were 88.2 and 80.0±0.05% respectively, while the protein efficiency ratio, net protein ratioin vivo digestibility of skim milk was 2.96±0.17, 3.51±0.17 and 98.0±1.87, respectively. The sorghum-bean tempe could be used for supplementary feeding.  相似文献   

Effect of reconstitution and Na2Co3 on tannin content and in vitro protein digestibility of faba bean cultivars     

Elfadil E. Babiker  Abdullahi H. El Tinay 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1993,44(2):119-130

Two faba bean cultivars (317/99/81 and Giaz/402) obtained from Shambat Research Station in Northern Sudan, were used for this study. Investigation showed that the tannin contents of untreated seeds were 0.077% and 0.067% for cultivars 317/99/81 and Giza/402. In vitro protein digestibility values were 80.68% and 81.48% for the two cultivars, respectively. The extractable tannin content of the faba bean cultivars was markedly reduced by imbibing water or Na₂CO₃ solution into whole seeds and incubating them at 30°C for 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 hours, or at 100°C for 5, 10 or 20 minutes. The extent of reduction depended on time, temperature, and Na₂CO₃ concentration; the percent tannin extracted and percent in vitro protein digestibility increased with time or Na₂CO₃ concentration, while application of high temperature reduced the time.  相似文献