Interactions between crop biomass and development of foliar diseases in winter wheat and the potential to graduate the fungicide dose according to crop biomass     

《Crop Protection》2016

Foliar pathogens such as Zymoseptoria tritici and Puccinia striiformis causing septoria leaf blotch and yellow rust respectively can cause serious yield reduction in winter wheat production, and control of the diseases often requires several fungicide applications during the growing season. Control is typically carried out using a constant fungicide dose in the entire field although there may be large differences in crop development and biomass across the field. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to test whether the fungicide dose response curve controlling septoria leaf blotch and other foliar diseases in winter wheat was dependent on crop development and biomass level. If such a biomass dependent dose response was found it was further the purpose to evaluate the potential to optimize fungicide inputs in winter wheat crops applying a site-specific crop density dependent fungicide dose. The study was carried out investigating fungicide dose response controlling foliar diseases in winter wheat at three biomass densities obtained growing the crop at three nitrogen levels and using variable seed rates. Further the field experiments included three fungicide dose rates at each biomass level, an untreated control, and 75%, 50% and 33% of the recommended fungicide dose rate and the experiments were replicated for three years. Crop biomass had a significant influence on occurrence of septoria and yellow rust with greater disease severity at increasing crop biomass. In two of three years, the interaction of crop biomass and fungicide dose rate had a significant influence on disease severity indicating a biomass-dependent dose response. The interaction occurred in the two years with high yield potential in combination with severe disease attack. If the variation in crop density and biomass level obtained in the study is representative of the variation found cultivating winter wheat in heterogeneous fields, then there seems to be scope for optimizing fungicide input against foliar diseases site-specific adapting the dose according to crop density/biomass.  相似文献   

基于熵算法的股票指数高频数据复杂度测算与评价     

温博慧  袁铭  侯笠 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(1):19-25

在日内高频环境下检验基于兼容法的柯尔莫哥洛夫熵、样本熵和模糊熵等复杂度测算方法对我国沪深300股票指数的测算效率，并运用筛选后的有效算法分阶段研究和比较了序列复杂度的变化过程与变化幅度.结果表明，模糊熵算法是一种更适用于我国沪深300股票指数的有效复杂度测算方法，其对相似容忍度的敏感性更低，测度值连续性更好.随时间推移，我国沪深300股票指数复杂度整体呈上升趋势,而相较于发达市场甚至周边新兴市场其复杂度偏低.  相似文献   

Influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes based on rainfall simulation experiments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Xiang  LI Zhanbin  LI Peng  TANG Shanshan  WANG Tian  ZHANG Hui 《干旱区科学》2018,10(1):39-52

Aeolian-fluvial interplay erosion regions are subject to intense soil erosion and are of particular concern in loess areas of northwestern China.Understanding the composition,distribution,and transport processes of eroded sediments in these regions is of considerable scientific significance for controlling soil erosion.In this study,based on laboratory rainfall simulation experiments,we analyzed rainfall-induced erosion processes on sand-covered loess slopes(SS)with different sand cover patterns(including length and thickness)and uncovered loess slopes(LS)to investigate the influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes in case regions of aeolian-fluvial erosion.The grain-size curves of eroded sediments were fitted using the Weibull function.Compositions of eroded sediments under different sand cover patterns and rainfall intensities were analyzed to explore sediment transport modes of SS.The influences of sand cover amount and pattern on erosion processes of loess slopes were also discussed.The results show that sand cover on loess slopes influences the proportion of loess erosion and that the compositions of eroded sediments vary between SS and LS.Sand cover on loess slopes transforms silt erosion into sand erosion by reducing splash erosion and changing the rainfall-induced erosion processes.The percentage of eroded sand from SS in the early stage of runoff and sediment generation is always higher than that in the late stage.Sand cover on loess slopes aggravates loess erosion,not only by adding sand as additional eroded sediments but also by increasing the amount of eroded loess,compared with the loess slopes without sand cover.The influence of sand cover pattern on runoff yield and the amount of eroded sediments is larger than that of sand cover amount.Furthermore,given the same sand cover pattern,a thicker sand cover could increase sand erosion while a thinner sand cover could aggravate loess erosion.This difference explains the existence of intense erosion on slopes that are thinly covered with sand in regions where aeolian erosion and fluvial erosion interact.  相似文献   

Working with State and Provincial Apiary Programs to Manage Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Health     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2021,37(3):467-478

  相似文献   

基于合成法的定位误差的分析与计算     

韩霞  赵宇  陈恒高 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2014,(1):18-19,45

为保证机床夹具设计的可靠性,定位误差的计算是机床夹具设计过程中必不可少的重要环节之一。为此从定位误差的产生机理出发,介绍了定位误差的概念、产生原因,并给出计算公式,有助于快速实现定位误差的求解。  相似文献   

读者需求驱动的“五位一体”高校图书馆文献资源建设模式研究     

顾洁  宋飞  张玉慧 《农业图书情报学刊》2019,31(7):44-49

为使图书馆文献资源建设更好的满足读者,提高读者使用资源的效率与满意度,通过文献调研法和问卷调查法对高校图书馆文献资源建设现状和读者需求情况进行调研分析,在此基础上构建出读者需求驱动的以OPAC查询、多渠道荐购、实体书店和电子资源4种渠道为主、文献传递和学科服务团队服务为辅的“五位一体”高校图书馆文献资源建设模式。总结模式的特点并辅以模式执行一段时间的数据统计。该模式五个环节应读者需求而生、为读者需求而动,互为补充,相互协调,系统地、全方位地满足了读者需求,并从该模式出发进一步探究高校图书馆文献资源建设未来发展方向。  相似文献   

豫北山区“粮—草—羊”高效平衡养羊模式现状     

豫北山区  粮&#x  草&#x  羊   高效平衡养羊模式现状 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(9):70-72

从粮食作物、经济作物及饲草的种植,饲草料的加工调制与利用,全舍饲肉羊的养殖及杂交繁育,以及羊粪尿的资源化利用等方面介绍了豫北山区“粮—草—羊”高效平衡养羊模式发展现状,以期为促进豫北山区资源可持续利用、山区生态环境良性循环和社会经济可持续发展提供思路。  相似文献   

Fusarium solani Upregulated Sesquiterpene Synthase Expression,Sesquiterpene Production and Allelopathic Activity in Piper betle L.     

Kamrai Woranoot  Rattikarn Buaruang  Kodchakorn Aranyakanon  Kumrop Ratanasut  Anupan Kongbangkerd  Panatda Jannoey  Pranee Nangngam  Chonnanit Choopayak 《水稻科学》2019,26(5):290-299

Activators of sesquiterpene synthase (STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelopathic activity of untreated and Fusarium solani-treated betel extracts was tested on seed germination and on the shoot and root growth of Thai rice variety PSL2 (Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2) and three dominant paddy weeds (Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chloris barbata). The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control, and that betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice. The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth, and they were found to be dose-dependent. It is also noted that F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract. The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata, germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract. With regards to rice, although betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination, it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds. The obtained data suggested that F. solani has potential as an activator of sesquiterpene allelochemical production via STS expression, the latter leading to the treated betel extract having a stronger phytotoxic effect. These results were beneficial in the promotion of natural herbicide production using biotechnology.  相似文献   

塞罕坝湿地资源现状与保护对策     

杜兴兰  周建波  史文兵 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2020,43(2):60-62

文章阐述了塞罕坝湿地资源现状调查方法,并以调查资料为依据,以湿地类型、野生动植物资源状况为主要内容,分析了塞罕坝湿地资源现状和基本特征,并结合湿地所处社会环境等,提出了塞罕坝湿地的保护对策,为塞罕坝湿地保护与恢复提供基础支撑。  相似文献   

关于藏书倒架的研究与探讨——以中国矿业大学图书馆文昌科技图书阅览室为例     

张秀芳  郑建丽  周华 《农业图书情报学刊》2011,23(12):131-133

结合工作实际探讨藏书倒架的前期准备工作及倒架时的路线设计、人员组织安排和倒架后的环节完善。以期减轻图书馆人员在倒架工作中的劳动强度和工作量，提高工作效率。  相似文献