半干旱风沙区几种化学节水制剂马铃薯产量效应试验     

刘殿红  李建铃  辛小桂  杨奇平  黄占斌  杨新民 《干旱地区农业研究》2005,23(3):159-161

在半干旱风沙区的山西省天镇县台地比较研究田间试验条件下保水剂、保水肥剂、济农、复绿灵等化学抗旱节水制剂对马铃薯作物的增产效应。结果表明在马铃薯开花期施用各种抗旱节水制剂,能不同程度地增加马铃薯产量,其中喷施济农和复绿灵效果最明显,值得推广。保水剂和保水肥效果不甚明显,原因是施用时间偏晚。  相似文献   

拌种剂对马铃薯出苗率和产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王丙锋  钱华 《黑龙江农业科学》2014,(8):53-55

为了防治马铃薯苗期病害和系统性病害,提高马铃薯出苗率,促进种苗健康生长,以马铃薯品种尤金885脱毒种薯为试材,研究了拌种剂对马铃薯出苗率和产量的影响。结果表明:农用链霉素100g·hm-2+金雷720g·hm-2+滑石粉21.7kg·hm-2效果最好,出苗率为92.49%,保苗率为92.13%,比对照增产23.7%。  相似文献   

马铃薯块茎8个主要性状的配合力分析     

杨万林  吴毅歆  李先平 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,32(8):27-33

研究了mira等10个马铃薯品种的22个杂交组合无性一代的薯形、皮色、肉色、块茎产量等8个块茎性状的群体遗传和配合力效应。结果表明,单个块茎重的父本遗传力达56.7%,淀粉含量的母本遗传力和亲本间非加性效应分别达40.5%,44.9%,皮色、块茎产量和结薯数的非加性效应分别达69.1%,82.8%,88.8%;肉色、块茎外观和薯形的加性效应和非加性效应为42.2%～57.8%,相差不大。两个亲本(至少有一个)一般配合力高的杂交组合后代的群体表现,优于双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合;而双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合的群体表现优于双亲一般配合力都很低的杂交组合。根据一般配合力选择亲本配制大量杂交组合,并从中筛选优良单株和优良杂交实生籽组合的方法,是马铃薯遗传育种的有效手段。  相似文献   

Alteration of the genomic composition of Solanum nigrum (+) potato backcross derivatives by somatic hybridization: selection of fusion hybrids by DNA measurements and GISH   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. Horsman    T. Gavrilenko    M. Bergervoet    D.-J. Huigen    A. T. W. Joe  E. Jacobsen   《Plant Breeding》2001,120(3):201-207

Fusion experiments were performed with a first (BC₁‐6738) and a second (BC₂‐9017) generation backcross hybrid of 6x Solarium nigrum (+) 2x potato somatic hybrids with potato cultivars. Because no progeny was obtained from the BC₂ genotypes, alternative approaches were sought to overcome the sexual crossing barrier. Five potato genotypes, one of which contains the hygromycin resistance gene, were used in the fusion experiments. All vigorous regenerants were used for the estimation of nuclear DNA content using flow cytometry. Plants with a DNA content higher than that of the BC₁‐6738 or BC₂ genotypes were considered potential somatic hybrids. Forty‐nine potential somatic hybrids resulted from fusion experiments with BC₁‐6738, from which 20 grew vigorously in the greenhouse and flowered. After pollination with several 4x potato cultivars, eight genotypes produced seeded berries and five genotypes gave seedless berries. In addition, 11 of these 13 somatic hybrids were selected for genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis to determine their genomic composition. Nine had exactly or approximately the expected number of 36 S. nigrum and 60 potato chromosomes. In one genotype, only 22 instead of 36 S. nigrum chromosomes were found and one potato chromosome was possibly missing. Only five potential somatic hybrids were detected among the 79 regenerants from BC₂‐9017 (+) 2x potato fusion experiments that were analysed by flow cytometry. Two of these hybrids were rather vigorous and did flower, but pollinations with potato have not yet set any berries.  相似文献   

Evaluation of FDR diploid and tetraploid parents in potato under two different day-length environments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. Ortiz    M. Iwanaga  S. J. Peloquin 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(4):353-358

Five tetraploid clones of potato were crossed to each of eight diploid first division restitution (FDR) 2n pollen producers and four tetraploid males using a line × tester mating design. A total of 59 families were obtained and evaluated under long days at Rhinelander (USA). A subset of 49 families were grown under short days at four Peruvian locations. Tuber yield (kg per plant) of 4x-2x families was similar to, or greater than, that of 4x-4x families in short day environments. The diploid clones had breeding values greater than or equal to those of the tetraploid clones. Only families derived from FDR 2n pollinators combined high tuber yield with stability and high dry matter content. Reciprocal recurrent selection would be the best breeding scheme, in which the diploids are testers of the tetraploids and vice-versa. Intra-population improvement could be achieved through phenotypic recurrent selection. The best materials from both breeding pools could then be crossed to produce tetraploid hybrids through unilateral sexual polyploidization (4x-2x crosses).  相似文献   

Heritability, and Intra- and Inter-Generation Associations Between Tuber Yield and its Components in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)     

Jai  Gopal  P. C. Gaur  M. S. Rana 《Plant Breeding》1994,112(1):80-83

The relative importance of the components of tuber yield in selection in early generations of a potato-breeding programme was studied. In seedling generation the number of tubers were more important than average tuber weight, whereas in clonal generations the average tuber weight was more important. Correlation coefficients between number of tubers and tuber yield varied from generation to generation whereas those of average tuber weight and tuber yield were more or less constant. Unlike the number of tubers, the average tuber weight of a genotype in a generation influenced its tuber yield in subsequent generations. The average tuber weight had higher heritability than the number of tubers and tuber yield.  相似文献   

Identification of the trisomic series in diploid Solanum tuberosum L., group tuberosum. I. Chromosome identification     

M. S. Ramanna  M. Wagenvoort 《Euphytica》1976,25(1):233-240

Summary The morphology of 12 pachytene bivalents of the dihaploid Solanum tuberosum cv. Gineke is described, and the morphological features which are helpful for a critical chromosome identification are illustrated. The difficulties of identifying the individual chromosomes and the extra chromosomes in trisomics are discussed.  相似文献   

Heritility of field resistance to potato leafroU virus in cultivated potato     

C. R. BROWN  D. CORSINI  J. PAVEK  P. E. THOMAS 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(6):585-588

Potato progenies in a line x tester mating design and the clonal parents were screened for field resistance to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) to determine the heritability of this trait. Twelve advanced potato clones or varieties were crossed as pistillate parents to two pollen testers. The seedling progenies and clonal parents were exposed to aphid-transmitted potato leafroll virus for two growing seasons. Cumulative infection by potato leafroll virus was determined by post-season sero-logical indexing of foliage grown from sprouted tubers after 2 years of exposure. Narrow-sense heritability was estimated from regression of mid-parent on progeny as h = 0.72. This estimate indicates a high level of useabie genetic variance for PLRV resistance in advanced breeding materials. Although variation in resistance to PLRV appears to be a quantitative trait in susceptible and moderately resistant clones, per-formance of the most resistant parents suggests that genes with major effects may be present. These results are similar to the conclusions of other researchers who found one or two genes controlling the pheno-types of extreme resistance, resistance to infection, or suppression of virus titre.  相似文献   

The Use of RFLPs (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms) Detects Germplasm Introgressions from Wild Species into Potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) Breeding Lines     

T. Debener    F. Salamini  Christiane  Gebhardt 《Plant Breeding》1991,106(3):173-181

The germplasm of the potato (S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) has been modified since the beginning of this century by breeders who introgressed important agronomic traits, for example disease resistance genes, from several wild and cultivated Solanum species of the Americas. In this paper we show that the Rflp analysis of potato-breeding material can be used to detect chromosomal regions descended from more-distantly related Solanum species. The Rflp patterns of individuals of ten Solanum species, ten breeding lines of S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum and the cultivated variety ‘Bintje’ were analyzed. Rflp data for each of eight single loci of known genomic position were used for the computation of locus-specific phenograms by distance matrix methods. Several of the potato-breeding lines deviated clearly from the clustered species S. tuberosum, S. stenotomum and S. canasense for one or more of the loci considered. These deviations indicated the presence of “exotic” germplasm at a particular locus. The possibility of detecting such germplasm has implications for mapping the agronomic traits for which the wild species were introgressed and which may still be linked to “foreign” chromosome fragments.  相似文献   

Drought tolerance screening for potato improvement   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

P. Ranalli    M. di  Candilo M. Bagatta 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(3):290-292

Six potato genotypes including ‘Desiree’ and five breeding clones (2/14, 95C, 125B, 3589, 4056) were grown in the field under well-watered and stress conditions. The stress response of leaf tissue was assessed 8 and 12 weeks after plant emergence (WAE) by measuring canopy temperature and chlorophyll α fluorescence induction kinetics in detached leaves. Under drought-stress conditions, chlorophyll α fluorescence dropped in clones 2/14 and 4056, remained constant in 95C and 125B and increased in clone 3589. The canopy temperature exhibited little difference between drought and irrigated treatments in clones 95C and 125B, and significant effects in the other genotypes. This performance was interpreted in terms of tolerance to drought stress, and the potential use of canopy temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence as tools for drought screening of potato germplasm and segregant generations is discussed. The physiological properties of 95C and 125B highlighted by this study need further investigation and, if confirmed, they could be recombined with other useful agronomic characters by crossing in a breeding programme.  相似文献