马铃薯离体块茎发育过程中的关键因子及其与蛋白质组分的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王大勇  连勇  朱德蔚 《中国农业科学》2001,34(1):19-26

 利用多元相关、通径分析及线性回归分析等手段 ,针对马铃薯离体块茎发育过程中各影响因子对块茎发育的贡献程度进行分析。结果表明 :平均薯重、质体 Mg2 + - ATP酶活性、质体 Ca2 + - ATP酶活性、线粒体 Mg2 + - ATP酶活性、总可溶性蛋白含量、块茎平均直径、Q酶活性等是影响块茎产量的重要因素 ,其中平均薯重、质体 Mg2 + - ATP酶活性、质体 Ca2 + - ATP酶活性、线粒体 Mg2 + - ATP酶活性等是影响离体块茎发育的关键因子。所得线性回归方程为 :Y=0 .5 2 11+0 .0 5 95 X(1) +0 .8389X(2 ) +0 .0 882 X(3) - 0 .0 0 73X(4) +0 .144 9X(5 ) +0 .35 10 X(6 ) +0 .0 0 31X(7) -0 .0 0 0 0 3X(8) +0 .34 12 X(9) +0 .0 12 7X(10 ) +0 .2 90 4X(11) +0 .0 5 70 X(12 ) +0 .0 15 9X(13) +0 . 35 85 X(14) +0 .0 134 X(15 ) - 0 .10 12 X(16 )。在此基础上 ,对于影响离体块茎发育的各关键因子与块茎蛋白质组分的关系进行分析 ,找到了一些可能与发育中这些重要性状相关的蛋白质组分。即总可溶性蛋白组分中 A4、B1、B8、C8,质体蛋白组分中A4及线粒体蛋白组分中的 A4与 B2等 ,对于马铃薯离体块茎晚期发育具有重要作用。  相似文献   

H₂O₂对陈化马铃薯切片抗氰呼吸的诱导作用研究          下载免费PDF全文

梁五生  梁厚果  李德葆 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2002,28(5):525-528

研究了H₂O₂对陈化马铃薯切片抗氰呼吸的诱导作用.用切片和纯化线粒体进行测定的结果均表明外源H₂O₂(5.0 mmol/L)处理对陈化马铃薯切片的总呼吸只有微弱的影响,但却可以明显诱导切片的抗氰呼吸,并显著提高抗氰呼吸对总呼吸的贡献.应用交替氧化酶的单克隆抗体进行Western杂交的结果表明,H₂O₂处理可以增强陈化马铃薯切片中交替氧化酶的表达,表明H₂O₂对抗氰呼吸的诱导作用与其时交替氧化酶表达的诱导有关.抗氰呼吸可能参与了H₂O₂调控植物抗病防御反应的作用机制.  相似文献   

马铃薯植株7个主要性状的配合力分析     

杨万林  李先平  吴毅歆 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,32(9):23-30

研究了mira等10个马铃薯品种的22个杂交组合无性一代的植株生长势等7个植株性状的群体遗传和配合力效应。结果表明,晚疫病的亲本加性效应达90.6%;开花性、茎色分离、株高分离、株形分离等4个植株性状的亲本非加性效应分别为72.3%,80.1%,81.5%,93.0%;植株生长势和花色分离的亲本加性和非加性效应均很重要,其加性效应分别为45.2%,47.9%,非加性效应分别为54.8%,52.1%。双亲(至少有1个)一般配合力高的杂交组合的群体表现,优于双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合;而双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合的群体表现,优于双亲一般配合力都很低的杂交组合。根据亲本配合力可以有效预测杂交组合后代群体的遗传表现。  相似文献   

韭菜可育和不育花药和花粉发育的细胞学观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张宪省  吴淑芸 《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1991,22(3):237-243

  相似文献   

韭菜雄性不育系及保持系花药和花粉发育的细胞学比较   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

杨学妍  沈火林  程杰山  孙秀波 《西北农业学报》2007,16(2):120-124

为了从细胞学角度研究韭菜雄性不育的机理,本试验利用石蜡切片法对韭菜雄性不育系及其对应保持系花药与花粉发育过程进行了比较研究。结果表明:韭菜花药绒毡层兼有分泌绒毡层与变形绒毡层的特点,花粉败育与绒毡层发育异常和提前解体有关。韭菜败育分两种类型:败育Ⅰ型,败育发生在减数分裂二分体至四分体时期,不育系绒毡层细胞液泡化膨大,花粉母细胞减数分裂不正常,不产生四分体或产生无胼胝质壁包裹的异常四分体,最终粘连连成一团解体消失;败育Ⅱ型,败育发生在单核小孢子时期,绒毡层在四分体时期提前退化,单核小孢子无营养供应而败育。  相似文献   

陕北不同土地利用类型下土壤无机磷形态分布及有效性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张倩  张素霞  刘克  吕家珑 《干旱地区农业研究》2011,29(4):133-136

采用蒋柏藩-顾益初无机磷分级方法,对黄土高原两种农田土壤剖面(0～100 cm)中无机磷形态分布特征进行了研究.结果表明:两种农田土壤剖面(0～100 cm)中无机磷形态占全磷的90.95%;无机磷又以Ca-P为主,所占比例在87.86%～92.55%之间;糜子地土壤剖面中无机磷总量、Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P和...  相似文献   

Temporal association of potato tuber development with susceptibility to common scab and Streptomyces scabiei‐induced responses in the potato periderm     

R. S. Tegg  C. R. Wilson 《Plant pathology》2011,60(4):776-786

Using hydroponics and novel non‐destructive pot culture systems which enable inoculation at specific tuber development stages, the dynamics of common scab infection patterns in potato were studied in order to provide more precise identification of tuber physiological factors associated with susceptibility. At the whole‐tuber level, infection percentages were greatest when Streptomyces scabiei inoculation occurred early; at 2 weeks after tuberization (WAT) 68% of tubers became infected, contrasting with late inoculation (8 WAT), when only 4% infection occurred. The first‐formed internodes were most susceptible to infection, whilst later‐forming and slower‐expanding internodes were less susceptible. Detailed tuber physiological examination of internode 2 showed that pathogen‐induced changes, including increased phellem (periderm) thickness, cell layers and phellem suberization (key physiological features believed critical to S. scabiei infection) were promoted through S. scabiei inoculation. Sequential harvesting showed enhanced phellem suberization (28% greater than the control) within 7 days of pathogen exposure, while phellem thickness and layer responses were also initiated early in the infection process (10–14 days after pathogen exposure) and these responses were independent of symptom expression. Differences in cultivar response were observed, with greater phellem suberization observed 10 days after tuberization (DAT) in the common‐scab‐tolerant cv. Russet Burbank than in the susceptible cv. Desiree. Likewise, Russet Burbank had thicker and more numerous cell layers in the phellem (up to eight cell layers) during early tuber growth (20–30 DAT) than Desiree (up to six cell layers).  相似文献   

Fall and Spring Phosphorus Fertilization of Potato Using a Dicarboxylic Acid Polymer (AVAIL®)     

Jeffrey C. Stark  Bryan G. Hopkins 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(10):1595-1610

A dicarboxylic acid polymer (AVAIL) modifies the soil immediately around fertilizer—potentially improving crop phosphorus (P) uptake efficiency and yield. Study objectives were to evaluate potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) response to seasonal applications of liquid and dry AVAIL blended P fertilizer on calcareous soils with low to moderate soil test P. Field experiments conducted 2005–2008 included comparisons of monoammonium phosphate (MAP; 11-52-0) broadcast and/or ammonium polyphosphate (APP; 10-34-0) liquid band applications with or without AVAIL in various fall or spring applications. AVAIL increased US No. 1 yields for selected P rate/source/timing combinations in each of the four years; increased United States No. 1 yields overall in 2006 and 2008; and increased total yield and yield of large (>284g) tubers in 2006. The greatest responses to AVAIL occurred on soils with high lime concentrations. No seasonal advantage was observed in any case.  相似文献   

Conservation tillage systems, fungal complexes and disease development in soybean and barley rhizospheres in Prince Edward Island     

A. V. Sturz  M. R. Carter 《Soil & Tillage Research》1995,34(4):225-238

A potential for reduced soil macroporosity (below 12% soil volume) under direct drilling, with a concomitant increase in soil relative saturation, is associated with an increase in crown and root rots in Prince Edward Island field crops. Four long-term tillage systems (moldboard plowing, paraplowing-direct drilling, rotary cultivation and direct drilling) were compared in relation to the pathogenic fungal complexes formed in a two crop rotation in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) over a 3 year period in a cool humid region of eastern Canada. The principal phytopathogenic fungal complex of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. and F. oxysporum Schl. remained constant over the treatments. Tillage practice did not affect the number of colony forming units of R. solani in the rhizosphere. The recovery of R. solani from root tissues tended to be lower following conservation tillage and was attributed to antagonism associated with elevated numbers of saprophytic trash microflora concentrated at the soil surface. Disease levels in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlet bioassays were not influenced significantly by soil source or tillage regime. However, plantlet growth tended to be depressed following transplantation into soil from soybean plots in 1993. Under optimum soil physical conditions conservation tillage did not appear to influence disease levels in barley and soybean rotations.  相似文献   

Effects of Root-Zone Temperature on Growth and Development of Roots of Two Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Clones as Influenced by Plant Age, Nutrient Supply, and Light Intensity     

B. Sattelmacher  H. Marschner 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1990,165(2-3):190-197

The effects of supraoptimal root-zone temperature (30 °C) on growth and development of roots were investigated in water and soil culture with cuttings of two potato clones DTO-2 (heat tolerant) and LT-1 (heat sensitive) at different plant ages, with different compositions of the nutrient solution, and different light intensities. It is suggested that the negative relation between cutting age and heat susceptibility observed in our experiments, is a reflection of the decreasing shoot/root dry weight ratio rather than of age. Heat damage of root systems increased with the concentration of the nutrient solution, nitrate being the main factor responsible. The influence of light intensity on temperature mediated restriction of root growth was relatively small. However the roots of plants grown under low light intensity (60 W m⁻² PAR) appeared to be less stressed by supraoptimal temperature, i.e. roots appeared brighter, thinner and more ramified than plants growing at high light intensity (190 W m⁻²).  相似文献