Somatic Fusion for Breeding of Tetraploid Potatoes     

S. Deimling    J. Zitzlsperger  G. Wenzel 《Plant Breeding》1988,101(3):181-189

From two tetraploid, one Transformed tetraploid, one triploid and 11 dihaploid clones of Solanum tuberosum somatic hybrids were produced by polyethylene glycol mediated somatic fusion. The inter-dihaploid clones comprised clones of agronomic value, homozygous doubled monohaploids, and in vitro selected clones resistant t0 Fusarium or Phytophthora toxins. Presumptive hybrids were enriched at the callus Stage in vitro by using differentiating media and by growth characteristics; further identification was performed by chromosome counting in vitro shoots and by isozyme analysis of in vitro plants. Final analysis was made from morphological characteristic of plant and tuber phenotypes. From 15 different combinations, 6009 plantlets have been regenerated. From five combinations, 310 reentrants were checked for hybrid nature by morphology and cytology and 88 by peroxidase and esterase isozyme analyses. Amongst these, from two combinations, a total of 17 different hybrids were confirmed by all methods. The procedures described are general enough to allow genome combination of interdihaploids resulting in tetraploids of practical breeding value.  相似文献   

Detection of Dickeya spp. latent infection in potato seed tubers using PCR or ELISA and correlation with disease incidence in commercial field crops under hot‐climate conditions     

L. Tsror  O. Erlich  M. Hazanovsky  B. Ben Daniel  U. Zig  S. Lebiush 《Plant pathology》2012,61(1):161-168

Over a 5‐year period (2006–2010), 277 certified, visually healthy potato seed lots, imported from Europe to Israel for commercial use, were tested for Dickeya spp. latent infection by PCR analysis (277 seed lots) and ELISA (154 seed lots). Seeds from these lots were grown in commercial potato fields which were inspected twice a season by Plant Protection and Inspection Services (PPIS). Stem samples were tested for the presence of Dickeya spp. by PCR analysis. PCR and ELISA results from seed lot testing correlated with disease expression in 74 and 83·8% of the cases, respectively. Positive laboratory results with no disease symptoms in the field (‘+lab/?field’ results) comprised 24·7 and 9·7% of the PCR and ELISA analyses, respectively, whereas negative laboratory results with disease symptoms in the field results (‘?lab/+field’) were obtained in 1·3 and 6·5%, of cases respectively. Maximum disease incidence, as well as the number of cultivars expressing disease symptoms, increased over the years of this study, indicating an increase in the prevalence of the disease. Severe disease incidence was observed on cvs Dita, Rodeo, Desiree, Mondial, Tomensa and Jelly. Of the 55 imported seed lots from which disease was recorded in the field, 49 originated from the Netherlands, four from Germany and two from France. None originated from Scotland.  相似文献   

不同条件下韭菜汁对香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种活性抑制的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘任  杨静美  梁小媚  陈雁  冯岩  杜洪忠 《植物检疫》2012,(2):13-16

研究了不同温度、pH值、杀虫剂和杀菌剂的影响下,韭菜汁对香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种的抑制作用,以确定韭菜汁在不同条件影响下对病菌的活力。结果表明,在试验的各温度处理后,55℃以上的温度对韭菜汁的成分有破坏作用,菌落的生长受到显著影响。韭菜根汁对病菌孢子的抑制作用不受pH值的影响。酸性至弱碱性情况下,韭菜茎汁对病菌孢子萌发的抑制率为100%;在强碱性条件下,韭菜茎汁中物质的活性促进了孢子的萌发。供试杀虫剂和杀菌剂对韭菜汁的成分无明显破坏作用。  相似文献   

施肥对不同基因型大叶韭菜产量的影响     

何铁光  文国荣  韦星光  龚明霞  万秀勇  董文斌  赵坤  程亮  陈耿 《安徽农业科学》2013,(2):583-584,632

[目的]为了寻求大叶韭菜高产优质的最佳品种和施肥条件。[方法]通过栽培试验,比较桂特一号大叶韭菜和大明山野生大叶韭菜在不同施肥处理条件下产量形成的差异。[结果]在不同施肥处理下,大叶韭菜单株产量、年产量差异均达到0.01显著水平,其中施有机肥的增产效果最好;在同一施肥处理条件下,2个不同基因型大叶韭菜间单株产量、年产量差异均达到0.01显著水平。[结论]施有机肥能明显提高2个不同基因型大叶韭菜的产量。桂特一号大叶韭菜高产优势突出,是值得推广的保健蔬菜新品种。  相似文献   

Comparative effects of the herbicide dinitro-o-cresol on mitochondrial bioenergetics     

Joaquim A. F. Vicente  Maria S. Santos  Anibal E. Vercesi  Vítor M. C. Madeira 《Pest management science》1998,54(1):43-51

The herbicide dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) was evaluated for its effects on bioenergetic activities of potato tuber mitochondria to elucidate its mechanism of action and to compare its toxicological properties with those of the chemically related uncoupler dinitrophenol (DNP). DNOC acts as a typical uncoupler, similarly to the classical uncouplers DNP and carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone (FCCP). Low concentrations of DNOC (<100 μM ) maximally stimulate succinate-supported respiration of plant mitochondria, with simultaneous collapse of trans-membrane electrical potential, more efficiently than DNP. The herbicide makes the plant mitochondrial membrane more permeable to protons, acting as a protonophore even in non-energized mitochondria. High concentrations of DNOC (>100 μM ) act also more efficiently than DNP simultaneously as a protonophore and inhibitor of respiration, especially when respiration is supported by substrates that are transported to the matrix. The efficiency of DNOC is decreased with increase of mitochondrial protein, BSA and exogenous orthophosphate. Although similar effects were observed for animal and plant mitochondria, rat-liver mitochondrial respiration was more sensitive to DNOC than plant mitochondria. Furthermore, in the presence of DNOC, liver mitochondria exhibited a higher state 3 respiratory coupling level than potato tuber mitochondria, as a result of a considerable stimulation (60%) of state 3 respiration. In conclusion, DNOC is a more potent mitochondrial uncoupler and respiratory chain inhibitor than DNP, although their chemical structures are very similar. Apparently, the additional methyl group of DNOC increases its efficiency as an uncoupler and as an inhibitor, as compared to DNP. Plant mitochondria were shown to be as useful as animal mitochondria in evaluating the toxicity of these xenobiotics. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

高温和利巴韦林对马铃薯的生长及PLRV、PYV的影响     

单体霞  廉玉姬 《湖北农业科学》2016,(21):5469-5472

为了了解高温和利巴韦林处理对马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)卷叶病毒(Potato leave-roll virus,PLRV)和马铃薯Y病毒(Potato Y virus,PYV)脱毒的影响,以宝塔百利、红王和"803"为材料,采用高温和化学处理结合茎尖培养技术对上述马铃薯进行处理,采用RT-PCR方法检测病毒基因。结果表明,长时间的高温处理抑制马铃薯组培苗的生长,"803"的存活率最高为80.1%,宝塔百利的存活率最低为41.1%;利巴韦林对马铃薯生长的抑制作用较明显,其浓度超过75 mg/L时生根效果差,到125 mg/L时对马铃薯生长抑制效果最明显;RT-PCR结果显示,高温处理结合利巴韦林的处理上均未检测到病毒。  相似文献   

Selection for verticillium wilt resistance in potato breeding populations derived from four cross types     

J. Bae    G. Tai    S. H. Jansky 《Plant Breeding》2009,128(3):290-294

Verticillium wilt (VW) is one of the important yield-limiting diseases for potato production. To develop resistant clones, the potential for early generation selection was studied using three basic selection methods, individual, family, and within family selection, for two clonal generations. A total of 152 clones were derived from four cross types (2x × 2x, 2x × 4x, 4x × 2x and 4x × 4x). Clones were evaluated for maturity, symptom expression, yield and stem colonization in replicated trials. Heritability and selection response for the traits were estimated for each selection method. Direct selection in the second clonal generation and individual selection showed more gain than that from other methods. Both 2x × 2x and 4x × 2x families were higher yielding and had lower stem colonization scores than 2x × 4x and 4x × 4x crosses. Therefore, 2x × 2x or 4x × 2x crosses between carefully chosen parents with high yield and VW resistance may produce offspring with superior performance.  相似文献   

氯化铵对马铃薯酪氨酸酶的抑制作用     

苟琳  傅泱  姚倩  卢航 《四川农业大学学报》2009,27(4):423-426

以马铃薯为材料,采用磷酸盐缓冲液抽提,经硫酸铵沉淀,Sephadex G-100提取酪氨酸酶,研究氯化铵对马铃薯酪氨酸酶催化L-多巴氧化活力的影响。结果表明,氯化铵对马铃薯酪氨酸酶有较强的抑制作用,其抑制马铃薯酪氨酸酶活力下降50%的抑制浓度(IC50)为0.2 mol/L。氯化铵对马铃薯酪氨酸酶的抑制作用表现为可逆非竞争性抑制,抑制常数为4.88 mmol/L。  相似文献   

植物生长调节剂对韭菜种子发芽与幼苗生长的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张福平  曾瑶琴 《贵州农业科学》2009,37(11)

分析了吲哚丁酸(IBA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)等不同植物生长调节剂对韭菜种子发芽与幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:不同植物生长调节剂对韭菜种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响不同,同一植物生长调节剂的不同浓度也有不同的影响.GA3、IAA、IBA、6-BA均能促进韭菜种子发芽与幼苗生长,对韭菜种子发芽与幼苗生长的促进作用为:25 mg/L IAA＞20 mg/L 6-BA＞150 mg/L GA3＞20 mg/L IBA.  相似文献   

马铃薯WRKY6基因的克隆、序列分析与原核表达研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李立芹  黄玉碧  王西瑶 《草业学报》2011,20(2):177-183

在高等植物中WRKY转录因子家族成员众多,它广泛参与植物对生物胁迫、非生物胁迫、生长发育和代谢过程的调控。本研究采用同源序列克隆的方法获得马铃薯WRKY6基因,序列分析表明该蛋白属于WRKY家族第3组成员,锌指结构为C-X₇-C-X₂₃-H-X-C。构建系统发育树结果表明它与拟南芥WRKY70亲缘关系较近,相似性达58%。然后将其完整编码区构建到大肠杆菌表达载体。在培养温度18℃条件下添加0.2 mmol/L IPTG(异丙基硫代半乳糖苷),诱导培养8 h可获得高表达融合蛋白。进一步实验获得特异性和纯度非常高的纯化蛋白。本研究为进一步确定该蛋白的体外活性及生物学功能奠定了坚实基础。  相似文献