Nuclear genome constitution and other characteristics of somatic hybrids between dihaploid Solanum acaule and tetraploid S. tuberosum     

Tetsuya Yamada  Kazuyoshi Hosaka  Kumi Nakagawa  Noriyo Kaide  Shuji Misoo  Osamu Kamijima 《Euphytica》1998,102(2):239-246

Eleven somatic hybrids (2n = 68 to 74) obtained between S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum cv. Dejima (2n = 48) and ATDH-1 (2n = 24), an anther-culture-derived dihaploid of S. acaule (Yamada et al., 1997), were characterized by nuclear RFLP markers using 49 single-copy DNA probes distributed throughout the potato genome (2 to 6 probes per chromosome). One of the somatic hybrids, DA8-2, had 72 chromosomes and all the Dejima- and ATDH-1-specific markers (124 and 103 bands, respectively), suggesting the presence of a whole set of both parental chromosomes. The other somatic hybrids lost varying numbers of markers up to seventeen. The pattern of the loss of markers indicated the elimination of five chromosomes among four somatic hybrids. A nucleolar organizer region of chromosome 2 was often eliminated in the somatic hybrids. The somatic hybrids studied here had higher frequencies of multivalent formation than the S. tuberosum parent. They had reasonably good seed set when pollinated with S. tuberosum pollen. Hence, homoeologous recombination between S. acaule and S. tuberosum chromosomes is possible and useful traits from S. acaule may be transferred to the S. tuberosum gene pool. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Adjuvant Effects on the Therapeutic Control of Potato Late Blight by Dimethomorph Wettable Powder Formulations     

B. Terence Grayson  Darren M. Batten  David Walter 《Pest management science》1996,46(4):355-359

Dimethomorph is an effective Oomycete fungicide useful for the control of late blight (Phytophthora infestans, deB) on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum, L.) by preventative (prophylactic) sprays. The results of glasshouse trials using S. tuberosum plants inoculated one day prior to treatment showed that the weak to moderate curative (therapeutic) action of a wettable powder formulation of dimethomorph (WP1) could be substantially enhanced by spray tank adjuvants. A limited survey of surfactant adjuvants indicated that enhancements of performance of WP1 varied with the ethylene oxide content in two series of surfactants, C₁₂/C₁₄ alcohol ethoxylates (‘Genapol’ C series) and nonylphenol ethoxylates (‘Arkopal’ N series). Optimum enhancements were obtained with intermediate degrees of ethoxylation and ‘Genapol’ C080 was adjudged to be marginally superior to its analogues and superior to all of the ‘Arkopal’ series, as well as to a silicone ethoxylate/propoxylate (‘Silwet’ L-77), an alkylamine ethoxylate/propoxylate (‘Armoblen’ 557), and sodium sulfosuccinate (‘Aerosol’ OTB). It was also superior to an emulsifiable paraffinic/naphthenic oil (HVI 60E). Further trials established that relatively high application rates (1000–1500 g ha⁻¹) of ‘Genapol’ C080 were required for maximum enhancement and that the presence of mancozeb, as a co-fungicide, did not substantially affect the enhancement of the therapeutic performance of dimethomorph by ‘Genapol’ C080.  相似文献   

马铃薯块茎主要性状的遗传研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨万林  李先平  吴毅歆  阎发祥  隋启君 《农业现代化研究》2003,24(6):464-469

研究了mira等10个马铃薯品种的22个杂交组合无性一代的块茎产量等8个块茎性状的群体遗传和配合力效应。结果表明：单个块茎重遗传的父本遗传力达56．7％,淀粉含量遗传的母本遗传力和亲本问非加性效应分别达40．5％、44．9％,皮色、块茎产量和结薯数遗传的非加性效应分别达69．1％、82．8％、88．8％;肉色、块茎外观和薯形遗传的加性效应和非加性效应在42．2％—57．8％之间,相差不大。两个亲本(至少有一个)的一般配合力高的杂交组合后代的群体表现优于双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合;而双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合的群体表现优于双亲一般配合力都很低的杂交组合。根据一般配合力选择亲本配制大量杂交组合,并从中筛选优良单株和优良杂交实生籽组合的方法是马铃薯遗传育种的有效手段。  相似文献   

Impact of irrigation with treated low quality water on the heavy metal contents of a soil-crop system in Serbia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

N. Surdyk  L. Cary  Z. Jovanovic  B. Vucelic-Radovic  L. Sandei  W. Kloppmann 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,98(3):451-457

Water availability for irrigation is a limiting factor for agriculture in Mediterranean countries. An upcoming strategy for increasing water supply is to use treated wastewater for irrigation. A principal drawback of irrigating with wastewater is the potential heavy metal accumulation in soil and foodstuff.Accumulation of heavy metals in soil and potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) irrigated with treated low quality surface water was studied in a three years experiment. The low quality surface water used for irrigation experiments contained a significant proportion of urban sewage and was spiked with selected heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb) and arsenic before treatment for years 2 and 3.The experiments were carried out during the growing seasons of 2006, 2007 and 2008 on a humogley soil of a commercial vegetable farm, 10 km north of Belgrade, Serbia. The growing seasons started in April/May and finished in August. Irrigation water was treated using (1) a conventional sand filter treatment, and (2) a sand filter combined with a specific filter for heavy metal removal treatment.Irrigation water composition was highly variable and cases both of enrichment and depletion of the measured inorganic trace elements were observed in the treated water, compared to the low quality feed water.In spite of this variability of the irrigation water composition, the soil contents in inorganic elements at the end of the three irrigation years are similar to the initial state. After the third harvest, no impact of the irrigation water on potato quality could be detected except for total sugar and sugar in total solids. Statistical tests (ANOVA) were performed to assess similarities between the different set of samples.The principal conclusion of this investigation is that, when appropriately treated, low quality feed waters with high heavy metal contents can be used for irrigation over several years without significant degradation of soil and produces. Even though, long-term cumulative effects in other pedologic and hydroclimatic settings, irrigation and cropping conditions cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

青海省马铃薯黑胫病病原菌的鉴定     

王信  程亮  王亚艺  高旭升  李松龄 《浙江农业学报》2018,30(8):1369

为明确引起青海省马铃薯黑胫病的病原菌,从青海省不同地区马铃薯黑胫病病样分离病原菌,研究病原菌的形态学特征、致病性、生理生化特性,并结合16S rRNA序列进行病原学鉴定。结果表明:引起马铃薯黑胫病的5个菌株均为黒腐果胶杆菌(Pectobacterium atrosepticum),来源不同的菌株接种马铃薯后致病力有差异;其中,3株强致病力菌株主要来自于乐都、湟中和大通,2株中等致病力菌株来自于民和和湟源。综上,黒腐果胶杆菌是引起青海省马铃薯黑胫病的病原菌。  相似文献   

马铃薯CBL9基因的基因组解析     

范华  马妍  孙凡  王琳  黄晓明 《山东农业科学》2012,44(8):10-12

利用比较基因组学的方法从马铃薯基因组中鉴定出一个与AtCBL9直系同源的基因StCBL9,并对该基因的结构、遗传进化、顺式元件进行了分析,为下一步研究该基因的功能和利用其进行马铃薯抗逆分子育种提供了有益借鉴。  相似文献   

不同栽培方式对韭菜生产的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

孙世海  王利英  谢世平  李树和 《天津农学院学报》2001,8(1):13-15,61

在温室内采用3种不同的无土栽培方式和常规土壤栽培方式进行了津引一号韭菜的种植试验。结果表明，韭菜3种无土栽培方式的株高和第1次收获时的产量均极显著 地高于土壤栽培，其3次收获累计产量均高于土壤栽培，无土栽培浇施1号营养液处理、无土栽培浇施Ⅱ号营养液处理和有机生态型无土栽培的3次收获累计产量比土壤栽培分别提高了61％、49％和35％，3种无土栽培方式的韭菜产品硝酸盐含量均低于土壤栽培，其中有机生态型无栽培和硝酸盐含量最低。  相似文献   

马铃薯茎尖组织培养及快速繁殖技术研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

任凝辉  王美平  史宣杰  李靖 《河南农业大学学报》2002,36(3):280-283

以豫马铃薯 1号 (郑薯 5号 )和津引 8号马铃薯为外植体 ,应用不同的培养基对马铃薯茎尖进行组织培养 ,以所获得的无毒苗为材料进行快速繁殖研究 .结果表明 ,豫马铃薯 1号外植体在MS BA 2mg·L-1 NAA 0 .1mg·L-1 GA30 .1mg·L-1 蛋白胨 10 0mg·L-1培养基上成苗率较高 ;津引 8号马铃薯在MS BA 1.5mg·L-1 NAA 0 .1mg·L-1 GA30 .1mg·-1 蛋白胨 10 0mg·L-1培养基上成苗率较高 ;而 1/ 2MS IBA 0 .3mg·L-1,1/ 2MS IAA 0 .5mg·L-1培养基适宜于豫马铃薯 1号无毒苗的快速繁殖 ;1/ 2MS IBA 0 .3mg·L-1,1/ 2MS IAA 0 .3mg·L-1培养基适宜于津引 8号无毒苗的快速繁殖 .  相似文献   

用组培方法繁殖韭菜雄性不育无性系的研究简报   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭仰东  李春玲  蒋钟仁 《北京农学院学报》1992,(1)

<正> 韭菜(Allium tuberosum Rottler)是以营养体叶片为商品,具有较强的分蘖能力,可以用分株方法繁殖的多年生蔬菜。我国有众多韭菜地方品种和新育成的品种,如能在韭菜品种中找到雄性不育株,以组培快繁技术建立雄性不育系的无性系,其后再利用田间分株繁殖与组培快繁并进的方法扩大不育系群体,加之韭菜又可以在良好的栽培条件下生长20年至30年,使利用雄性不育系的无性系生产一代杂交种具有实用意义。  相似文献   

The Effect of Seed-Tuber Physiological Age and Cultivar on Early Potato Production     

S. K. Asiedu  T. Astatkie  E. K. Yiridoe 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2003,189(3):176-184

Enhancing physiological aging of seed‐potatoes has the potential to substantially affect production, especially for short‐season growing areas. This study analysed the effect of seed‐tuber age and cultivar, jointly, to identify the combination for optimum early crop production, based on field experiments conducted at two locations in Nova Scotia, Canada. The potato cultivars Superior, AC‐Novachip, Niska, and Yukon Gold were aged by exposing seeds stored at 4 °C to warming periods of 0, 242 (3 weeks), and 484 (6 weeks) day‐degrees, prior to planting. Cultivar and age levels were completely randomized within each location and replicated four times. Harvest periods at 65, 80 and 95 days after planting (DAP) were analysed as an unbalanced split‐plot factorial, with year as a random blocking factor, location as a whole plot treatment, and cultivar and age crossed as subplot treatments. Total yield and marketable yield from Yukon Gold improved with physiological age when harvested early at 65 and 80 DAP, while that from AC‐Novachip improved when aged only 3 weeks. Niska was not affected by age. Overall, AC‐Novachip was consistently better than the remaining cultivars, regardless of age. The best treatment combination that maximized marketable yield was Yukon Gold aged 6 weeks planted at a commercial farm and harvested 95 DAP. For early harvest (65 DAP), however, AC‐Novachip aged 3 weeks and Yukon Gold aged 6 weeks generated the highest yields. Niska and Superior generated lower yield and higher culls.  相似文献