杧果‘汤米·阿京斯’香气特征分析     

乔飞  江雪飞  丛汉卿  党志国  陈业渊 《热带作物学报》2015,35(12):63-66

以杧果品种‘汤米·阿京斯’的叶片和果肉为材料，通过固相微萃取结合气相色谱/质谱法，分析和鉴定挥发性物质的组成。分别检测出叶片和果肉中挥发性物质64和51种。果肉中的主要挥发性成分为萜烯类化合物和苯甲醛；果肉中所特有的且含量较高的香料物质为3-蒈烯和苯甲醛，二者含量占56.68%。对果肉中挥发性物质的香味进行分析，结果发现其包含14种香型，其中果香、松香和木香是最主要的香韵类型，对松香味有贡献的化合物包括α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、月桂烯和α-水芹烯，其中3-蒈烯贡献最大。  相似文献   

Information extraction and dynamic evaluation of soil salinization with a remote sensing method in a typical county on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiaoguang ZHANG  Biao HUANG  Feng LIU 《土壤圈》2020,30(4):496-507

Monitoring the dynamics of soil salinization is of great importance for agricultural production. This study selected Yucheng County, a typical county on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (HHHP) of China, as the study area and evaluated the spatial and temporal variation of soil salinization. Three methods, consisting of principal component analysis (PCA) transformation, tasseled cap (TC) transformation, and optimal band combination (OBC), were used to extract information from an early Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) image from 1984, and their advantages were compared. In addition, OBC was used on a thematic mapper (TM) image from 2009. An iteratively self-organizing data analysis algorithm was used together with prior knowledge of likely classifications to interpret the MSS and TM images for data classification. Finally, a transfer matrix method was used to assess the spatial and temporal variability of soil salinization and analyze the driving factors of soil salinization. Compared to PCA transformation and OBC, TC transformation was a more effective method for extracting soil salinization information from the MSS sensor. The results indicate that a soil area of approximately 298 km² was affected by salinity in 1984 in Yucheng County, of which 5.40%, 11.96%, and 12.75% were classified as being subject to slight, moderate, and severe salinization, respectively. In 2009, the saline area was reduced to only 146 km², of which 10.70% and 3.75% were characterized by slight to moderate salinization and no severe salinization, respectively. The saline land decreased at an average rate of 6 km² per year. This decrease was probably a result of lower groundwater depth, increased organic fertilizer or crop straw in soil, changed land use type, and increased vegetation coverage.  相似文献   

不同间作绿肥替代化肥模式对木薯性状和产量的影响     

唐红琴  李忠义  董文斌  韦彩会  何铁光  蒙炎成  汤海玲  莫永诚 《作物杂志》2021,37(4):184-168

通过探讨秸秆还田与化肥减施下间作绿肥对木薯产量性状的影响,着力解决连作木薯土壤肥力提高与改良相关技术的协调增效。于2019-2020年,以木薯品种“南美1号”为供试材料,设置8个处理,调查每个小区的木薯茎径、叶绿素（SPAD）、块根直径、块根长、单株茎秆鲜重、单株块根鲜重、株高、单片叶重、单株块根数以及小区产量等农艺性状。结果表明,处理5（木薯秆还田+化肥减量12.5%+12.5%营养元素当量黑豆绿肥还田）的木薯产量最高,并得到拟合方程。绿肥秸秆还田以及间作绿肥从整体上改良了土壤肥力,并通过显著影响木薯块根、单片叶重以及单株块根数而影响最终产量。  相似文献   

不同培养基成分对薄荷试管苗生根的影响     

兰伟  韩晴 《安徽农业科学》2015,(14)

[目的]筛选薄荷试管苗生根的最佳培养基组合。[方法]以薄荷试管苗茎段为试验材料,探讨不同培养基成分、凝固剂种类及添加量对其生根的影响。[结果]在薄荷试管苗培养过程中,使用琼脂为凝固剂,且添加量为7 g/L的1/2MS培养基时,其生根时间最短,生根数和生根长度较高。[结论]为薄荷试管苗的大规模、优质、高效生产提供理论依据。  相似文献   

113份饲草型六倍体小黑麦种质饲草产量与品质性状的评价     

王珊珊  谷海涛  谢慧芳  何绍冬  甘长波  卫小勇  孔广超 《草业学报》2023,32(1):192-202

种质资源是遗传研究与作物改良的基础。饲草产量与品质是决定饲草型小黑麦品种利用价值的重要指标。本研究以113份国内外小黑麦种质为材料，通过2年田间种植，对其饲草产量与品质性状进行了分析与评价。结果表明参试小黑麦种质的饲草产量及其品质性状存在极显著差异，其单株鲜草产量分别为36.000～111.560 g与36.310～159.780 g，单株干草产量分别为12.000～27.000 g与9.150～30.150 g，鲜干比分别为2.380～4.370与2.610～6.210，饲草粗蛋白含量分别为6.894%～13.259%与6.680%～14.304%，饲草中性洗涤纤维含量分别为48.480%～74.850%与53.850%～67.980%，酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为26.600%～42.780%与29.000%～39.280%，饲草的相对饲用价值分别为69.650～128.150与79.840～113.170。饲草产量与品质性状的多样性指数范围为1.974～2.075。主成分分析表明，饲草纤维品质因子、饲草产量因子与综合品质因子为前3个主成分，其累计贡献率为82.198%。依据单株干草产量...  相似文献   

4份桃种质挥发性成分的GC-MS分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗静  黄玉南  王超  乔成奎  庞涛  方金豹  谢汉忠 《经济林研究》2016,(3)

为了分析桃果实中共有的挥发性成分及初步探讨果皮毛和果肉颜色性状对挥发性成分的影响情况,以此2对性状均存在差异的4份桃种质为试材,采用顶空固相微萃取方法提取其成熟果肉中的挥发性成分,并用气相-质谱联用仪对其进行了测定。结果表明:4份桃种质中共鉴定出116种挥发性成分,其主要为酯、醛、醇和烷烃等类物质。从挥发性成分的种类数量上看,白肉桃‘大久保’和‘华光’中检出的挥发性成分种类较多,分别有68和52种;而2份黄肉桃种质中检出的挥发性成分种类均较少。从挥发性成分的种类上看,2份普通桃与2份油桃中的差异挥发性成分总共仅有3种,其分别为反式-2,4-庚二烯醛、戊酸-2,2,4-三甲基-3-异丙酸-异丁酯和脱氧精胍菌素,远低于2份白肉桃与2份黄肉桃种质中差异挥发性成分的数量(13种)。此外,从挥发性成分的类群上看,2份白肉桃含有较多的"青香型"的C6类化合物,而2份黄肉桃含有较多的"果香型"的酯和内酯类化合物。文中综合分析认为,果皮毛的有无和果肉的颜色性状均可能影响果实中挥发性成分的数量和种类,但后者的影响较为明显。  相似文献   

基于社会燃烧理论的耕地非农化驱动因素分析     

赵奕祁 《湖北农业科学》2017,56(5)

中国耕地非农化现象日益明显。基于社会燃烧理论分析了耕地非农化的驱动原理,建立了耕地非农化影响机制模型,并运用SPSS 19.0软件对分类驱动因素进行了主成分及回归分析。结果表明,人均GDP和固定资产投资所占GDP比重等经济发展变量对耕地非农化水平的正向影响最大;粮食单产、总产等农业技术变量对耕地非农化水平具有最大的逆向影响。最后在模型拟合的基础上提出了相应的对策与建议,旨在为合理有效保护耕地提供参考。  相似文献   

Influence of Soil Particle Size on the Measurement of Sodium by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19):2330-2339

This study evaluates the effect of soil particle size (SPS) on the measurement of exchangeable sodium (Na) (EXC-Na) by near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy. Three hundred thirty-two (n = 332) top soil samples (0–10 cm) were taken from different locations across Uruguay, analyzed by EXC-Na using emission spectrometry, and scanned in reflectance using a NIR spectrophotometer (1100–2500 nm). Partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) models between reference chemical data and NIR data were developed using cross validation (leaving one out). The coefficient of determination in calibration (R²) and the root mean square of the standard error of cross validation (RMSECV) for EXC-Na concentration were 0.44 (RMSECV: 0.12 mg kg^–1) for soil with small particle size (SPS-0.053) and 0.77 (RMSECV: 0.09 mg kg^–1) for soils with particle sizes greater than 0.212 mm (SPS-0.212), using the NIR region after second derivative as mathematical transformation. The R² and RMSECV for EXC-Na concentration using PCR were 0.54 (RMSECV: 0.07 mg kg^–1) and 0.80 (RMSECV: 0.03 mg kg^–1) for SPS-0.053 and SPS-0.212 samples, respectively.  相似文献   

Soil CO2 emission in sugarcane management systems     

Rose Luiza Moraes Tavares  Zigomar Menezes de Souza  Diego Silva Siqueira  Newton La Scala Júnior  Alan Rodrigo Panosso 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(8):755-762

Sugarcane management systems affect soil attributes such as the carbon cycle. This fact has stimulated the sugar and alcohol industry to refine the sugarcane production systems by replacing the pre-harvest burning (PB) and manual harvest with mechanized harvesting followed by residue deposition. The aim of this study was to evaluate different management systems with respect to C cycling carbon dioxide and soil parameters (chemical, physical and biological) which were determined over the season. Three sugarcane cultivation systems were evaluated at the following periods: (a) PB, (b) 5-year green harvest and (c) 10-year green harvest. The results indicated that CO₂ emission was 36% greater in the 10-year sugarcane green harvest system than in the PB system. The bulk density and macroporosity were the factors that were most affected by the different sugarcane management systems and that significantly influenced soil CO₂ emissions. The principal component analysis showed that soil CO₂ emission was 18% influenced by base saturation (V%) and 14% by pH, especially in the PB area. Additionally, 19% was affected by carbon and macroporosity in the 5- and 10-year green harvest areas, respectively. From our results, it can be concluded that the most CO₂ emissions are in the areas of sugarcane green, this is due to the higher carbon concentration when compared with the area of burning sugarcane. The parameters that most influenced the CO₂ emissions were bulk density, porosity, macroporosity, pH and V%.  相似文献   

青藏高原湿草甸土壤氮组分对氮添加浓度的响应     

魏星星  吴江琪  李广  王海燕  刘帅楠  张世康  张娟 《草地学报》2021,29(4):677-683

为研究青藏高原湿草甸土壤氮组分对氮添加程度的响应规律,分析氮素大量输入生态系统后可能产生的环境和生态问题,本研究以青藏高原东北边缘碌曲县尕海-则岔国家自然保护区境内的湿草甸土壤为研究对象,设置空白对照(CK,0 g·m^-2)、低浓度(N₅,5 g·m^-2)、中浓度(N₁₀,10 g·m^-2)和高浓度(N₁₅,15 g·m^-2)4种处理,分析不同氮添加下的土壤氮组分含量(铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机氮)的垂直和季节变化。结果表明:不同氮添加处理均能增加土壤氮组分含量,其增加程度依次为N₅＞N₁₀＞N₁₅＞CK;在土壤垂直剖面上,土壤氮组分含量随土层深度增加而降低;在植物生长季内,氮添加处理后的土壤氮组分含量较高值出现在植物生长末期。本研究表明氮添加对青藏高原湿草甸土壤有效氮的增加具有显著促进作用。  相似文献